Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．In Britain and the US，people get the vote (选票) at 18.2．To the doctor's relief，the patient's condition is stable (稳定的)．3．That argument is not strictly valid (符合逻辑的) in this case.
4．The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances (条件)．
5．This is a typical (典型的) example of Italian cafe.6．I'm merely reporting what he said.7．I dialed my friend's number but the line was busy.8．I think that you have no reason to oppose the plan.9．The water gets quite shallow towards the shore.10．Success in your job is not worth the sacrifice of your health.Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．religion n．宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的，宗教信仰的；笃信宗教的，虔诚的
2．vote vi.& vt.投票，选举，表决 n．选票；选举，表决→voter n．投票人；有选举权的人
3．reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用→rejection n．拒绝
4．tight adj.亲密的，紧密的；紧的；紧身的；严密的→tightly adv.亲密地，紧密地；严密地
5．typical adj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的→typically adv.典型地[寻规律 巧记忆]
v.＋ er→n.
v.＋ ion→n.
carrier n．搬运者；媒介cleaner n．清洁工；清洁器container n．容器Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语1．face to face2．be absorbed in3．focus on4．in general5．rather than6．for good measure7．rid...of...Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
contribution n．贡献correction n．改正decoration n．装饰，修饰
面对面专注于……集中精力于……大体上而不是额外
使……摆脱……
1．He was completely absorbed in reading and forgot even to take his meal.2．I deal with customers on the phone and rarely meet them face to face．3．This book is intended for the general reader rather than the student.4．In general，employers do little to help the single working mother.5．After I'd weighed the apples，I put in another one for good measure．[寻规律 巧记忆]
n.＋ to＋n.→副词短语
back to back背靠背
heart to heart诚恳地，贴心地shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
in＋n.→介词短语
in addition 另外in advance 在前面；预先in brief 简言之
背教材原句
1.For example，no matter what the circumstances，when
记句式结构“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，仿写促落实
No matter what happens tomorrow，hold on to today and you won't regret.
the phone rings，everything stops so that the call can be
此时可与“疑问词＋ever”进行同义替
无论明天发生什么，只要紧紧抓住今天，你就不会后悔。
answered.例如，无论在什么情换。况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了能接电话，一切都得停下来。2.When asked later what the call was about，your friend always answers，‘Oh，nothing really.’
When asked为状语从句的省略，省略
When asked why he was late，he made up a casual excuse. 当被问及为什么迟到时，他随意编了个理由。
当后来问起那个电话的内容时，了your friend is。你的朋友总是回答：“噢，其实也没什么事。”
3.If the call was really about ‘nothing’，then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time？
如果来电真的是“没什么事”，那么它为什么如此重要以至于打断你们的交谈，并浪费你们的宝贵时间呢？
so...as to...“如此……以至于……”，此处表示结果。
Rose wouldn't be so careless as to leave her keys in the classroom. 罗斯还没粗心到把钥匙落在教室的地步。
vote vi.& vt.投票，选举，表决 n．选票；选举，表决
(教材P14)They then vote on whether they will accept it.然后他们投票决定是否接受它。(1)vote on
对……投票表决
vote for/againstvote to do...
(2)take/have a vote onput sth.to the vote
投票支持/反对表决通过要做……对……投票表决把某事诉诸表决
①We'll listen to the arguments on both sides and then have a vote on it.我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。
②I wanted to know whether he voted for or against her.我想知道他是投了她的赞成票还是反对票。
③Before it was fully discussed，the question was put to the vote.④The students voted to continue (continue) the struggle.
reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用
(教材P14)The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together.
阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝汽车是因为他们喜欢生活在关系很亲密的社区里，在那里所有人住得很近。
(1)reject an argument/a claim/a decision/an offer/a suggestion
拒绝接受一个论点/一项要求/一个决定/一项提议/一条建议reject doing sth. (2)rejection n.
拒绝做某事拒绝；冷落
①I made it clear to him that I rejected his suggestion.我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。
②One of my most able students was rejected (reject) by another university.我的一个最有能力的学生被另一所大学拒绝了。③She rejected telling (tell) us the truth.她拒绝对我们讲实情。
oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争
(教材P14)Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face，they oppose having telephones in their houses.
因为阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面交流，所以他们反对在住宅里装电话。
(1)oppose (doing) sth./sb.doing sth. (2)opposed adj.be opposed to...
反对(做)某事/某人做某事反对的；相对的反对……；与……对立
①The husband strongly opposed his wife's going there alone.丈夫极力反对妻子单独去那儿。
②It seems that she opposes your going (go) abroad.她好像反对你出国。
③As long as you agree，I'll not be opposed to that plan.只要你同意，我就不反对那个计划。
circumstance n．条件，环境，状况(常用复数)
(教材P14)For example，no matter what the circumstances，when the phone rings，everything stops so that the call can be answered.
例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了接电话，一切都得停下来。
in/under...circumstances in/under no circumstances ①They live in poor circumstances.他们的住宿条件不好。
②Under no circumstances will I give up my hope.我决不会放弃希望的。
③It's the best we can do under/in the circumstances.[名师点津]
in/under no circumstances位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，用法类似的常用词组还有：in no case，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition。
在……情况下
决不，在任何情况下都不
typical adj.平常的；典型的，有代表性的；特有的
(教材P15)For some reason，a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given
greater importance than a facetoface conversation.
由于某种原因，一个平常的手机电话受到的重视程度几乎总是高于面对面的交流。
(1)be typical of... It's typical of sb.to do sth.(2)typically adv.
①To be angry is typical of her.她这个人就是爱生气。
②It is typical of my grandpa to forget (forget) things.我爷爷一向很健忘。
③Typically (typical)，he is ready to help others.他一向乐于助人。 rather than而不是
(教材P15)The use of technology for communication rather than talking face to face is one reason why this is true.
使用技术来进行交流而不是面对面地交谈是这种情况真实的一个原因。rather than意为“而不是，而非”，在句中连接并列成分，并列成分可以是名词、代词、动词、介词短语、动名词或不定式，但要注意以下两点：
(1)连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)连接并列的不定式时，其后的不定式可省略to，但rather than位于句首时必须去掉to。
(3)would do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../prefer to do...rather than do...
(4)or rather other than
宁愿做……而不愿做……更确切地说除了……
典型的……；有代表性的……某人做某事一向如此典型地，有代表性地
①I would walk to work rather than take a bus because it is usually very crowded on the bus.
我宁愿走路去上班也不愿乘公共汽车，因为公共汽车上通常十分拥挤。②She worked as a secretary，or rather，a personal assistant.
她做秘书工作，更确切地说，是私人助理。
③Helen，rather than Jane and John，is (be) responsible for the loss.损失的责任应该由海伦而不是简和约翰来承担。④I decided to write rather than (to) telephone (telephone)．我决定写信而不打电话。
sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 n．牺牲，舍弃；祭品
(教材P15)Meanwhile，real relationships are often sacrificed，and whatever personal peace one has is destroyed whenever the phone rings.
同时，真正的关系往往被牺牲了，每当电话铃声响起时，个人拥有的任何宁静都会被打破。
(1)sacrifice sth.for sb./sth.sacrifice one's life/health to do sth.
牺牲某人的生命/健康来做某事
(2)make sacrifices for...
为……做出牺牲为……牺牲……
①It's not worth sacrificing your health for career.你为事业而牺牲健康是不值得的。
②The young man sacrificed his life to save (save) the child from the river.这个年轻人为了救溺水的孩子牺牲了自己的生命。
③Her parents made sacrifices for her so that she could have a good education.为了让她受到良好的教育，她的父母为她做出了牺牲。
rid...of...使……免除；使……摆脱
(教材P15)Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.
也许我们应该摆脱现代技术，回归更为简单的时代。(1)rid oneself of (2)be rid of get rid of
摆脱，从……中解脱摆脱
摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
①I was glad to be rid of the car when I eventually sold it.
把车卖掉时，我很高兴终于脱手了。
②He wanted to rid himself (he) of the burden of the secret.他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。③It's time we got rid of all these old toys.我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
(教材P15)When asked later what the call was about，your friend always answers，‘Oh，nothing really.’
当后来问起那个电话的内容时，你的朋友总是回答：“哦，其实也没什么事。”【要点提炼】 When “When he/she is asked...”。
状语从句的省略结构
(1)省略条件：从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语含有be动词的某种形式。
(2)省略成分：从句主语及be动词。
(3)适用从句：时间、地点、让步、条件、方式等状语从句。
(4)省略后从句的形式：连词＋分词/不定式/介宾短语/名词/副词/形容词。①Any mistake，once (it is) found，must be corrected.一旦发现任何错误，就必须加以改正。
②You should stay where you are，unless (you are) asked to leave.你应该待在你现在所在的地方，除非让你离开。
③When walking (walk) at night，one should bring a flashlight.④Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands.asked...是状语从句的省略结构，其完整形式应为
(教材P15)While these messages always seem important at the time，most people cannot really remember them the next day.
尽管这些短信当时似乎总是很重要，但大部分人第二天就不太记得短信的内容了。
【要点提炼】 此处while用作从属连词，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。从句常位于主句前。
(1)while用作从属连词，意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语须用延续性动词。
(2)while用作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示前后情况的对比。①While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。②While there is life，there is hope.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
③Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't.有些新闻会立即令读者兴奋，而其他的则不会。
(教材P14)There is something important about being together and sharing life that cannot be found over a telephone wire.
【分析】 句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，但被important about being...life隔开了，这是分隔式定语从句。
【翻译】 在一起并分享生活，其中蕴藏着某种重要的东西，而这种东西是无法通过电话线获得的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Under/In no circumstances is anyone allowed to use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
2．Parents make many sacrifices for their children，which in turn creates children's further emotional dependence on them.
3．If we can't agree，we'll have to vote on it.4．It is typical of students to stay up reading till midnight before the final exam.5．The teacher rather than the students was (be) opposed to the idea at that time.6．We went there so early as to get (get) good seats.7．We're moving，so we have to get rid of a lot of our furniture.8．If you are going to follow someone，focus your attention on their talent，not
their bad character or unacceptable behavior.
9．The villagers opposed building (build) a temple on their farmland.10．The idea that the earth is flat was rejected (reject) centuries ago.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．It is typical for him to be late for school.第一个for→of2．The government urged Internet users to opposing the spread of harmful information.opposing→oppose3．He'll go to the seaside for his holiday if being possible.去掉being4．He came to so a sudden stop as to be hit by the car following him.so→such5．According to a report released recently，the major cause of air pollution in Beijing is vehicle emissions when in Shanghai the biggest problem is dust and heavy industry.when→whileⅢ.完成句子
1．The owner had to get rid of the car for financial reasons，though he didn't want to do that.
由于经济原因，车主必须把汽车处理掉，尽管他不情愿。
2．Rather than go straight on to university why not get some work experience first?与其直接上大学，为什么不先取得一点工作经验呢？
3．He is strongly opposed to spending public money travelling to Hainan Island.他强烈反对用公款去海南岛旅游。
4．It is a rapid increase when (it is) compared to other natural changes.跟其他的自然变化相比，这是一种快速的增长。
5．Twentytwo voted for the plan and fourteen voted against it at the meeting yesterday.
在昨天的会议上，22人投票赞成这个计划，14人反对。
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