2020-2021年中考英语阅读理解试题集

一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。

C

What is your favorite color? Ask famous persons like Cate Blanchett, Scarlett Johnson, and Bono （singer for the band U2）, and maybe they will say “green.” That’s not because these artists like the color green best. Instead, they are interested in green fashion.

Green fashion is about making （and wearing） clothes that are good for humans, animals, and the Earth. In the past, green fashion made people think of ugly clothes. But today, green fashion is different. It is about looking good and caring about the Earth and other people. You can have interesting clothes and be green.

Around the world, green fashion is becoming popular. For example, the U.K. company People Tree sells men’s and women’s clothing and accessories（配搭物）. They are made from natural fabrics（织物） like cotton and wool. Workers who make the clothes are from countries like Kenya（肯尼亚）, and Bangladesh（孟加拉国）. People Tree pays the men and women good money for the clothes they make.

Singer Bono and his wife also started a clothing company called EDUN. When the clothes are sold, EDUN uses most of the money to help people around the world. （1）From this passage, we know that “green fashion” means________.

A. putting green color on your face B. making clothes from green trees

C. wearing the color green all the time D. wearing clothes that are good for the Earth （2）Today, green fashion is ___________.

A. the same as it was in the past B. making people work harder C. more popular and interesting D. mostly popular with famous persons （3）Which sentence about green clothing companies is true?

A. They are all in Africa. B. They do not pay their workers well. C. They make clothes only for women. D. They use natural fabrics to make clothes. （4）What does EDUN do?

A. It teaches people to make clothes. B. It makes interesting clothes for teenagers. C. It sells clothes and uses the money to help people. D. It pays people good money for the clothes they make. 【答案】（1）D （2）C

（3）D （4）C 【解析】【分析】

⑴细节理解。根据第二段Green fashion is about making （and wearing） clothes that are good for humans, animals, and the Earth可知绿色时尚是做或者穿对人、动物和地球有益的衣服。故选D。

⑵细节理解。根据第二段 But today, green fashion is different.和第三段Around the world, green fashion is becoming popular可知当今绿色时尚更受欢迎。故选C。

⑶细节理解。根据第三段可知he U.K. company People Tree sells men's and women's clothing and accessories（配搭物）. They are made from natural fabrics（织物） like cotton and wool. Workers who make the clothes are from countries like Kenya（肯尼亚）, and Bangladesh（孟加拉国）. People Tree pays the men and women good money for the clothes they make. 可知他们用天然纤维制作衣服。ABC错误，故选D。

⑷细节理解。跟最后一句When the clothes are sold, EDUN uses most of the money to help people around the world. 可知他们用钱帮助全世界的人们。故选Ｃ

【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

2．阅读与回答问题。

CCTV reported that every year Chinese people throw away a lot of food which can feed 200 million people for a year.

Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Programme, there were 900million hungry people all over the world in 2013. About six million children die of hunger every year.

So think about it. We should say no to people who waste food every day. An old saying goes, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work.” It tells us everybody must save food. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Jiangsu, once lost her job because she took some leftover（剩余的） food home for her son. But many people were by her side and criticized （批评） the waste of food. What should we do in our daily life to stop wasting food? We can do many things to prevent it from happening. Here are some tips:

Don't order too much food in a restaurant. Only order as much as you can eat. If you can't eat all the food you order, take the rest of it home.

Don't be too picky（挑剔的） about food. Some food may not be tasty, but put body need it. Don't keep too much food at home, especially for fruit and vegetables. （1）How many hungry people were there over the world in 2013?

（2）Why did Li Hong lose her job?

（3）What should you do if you can’t eat all the food you ask for?

（4）Can you keep too much food at home?

（5）What's the main idea of the passage?

【答案】 （1）About 900 million

（2）Because she took some leftover food home for her son.

（3）I/We can take the rest of it home.

（4）No, I/We can't.

（5）The reasons we can't waste food and the ways to stop wasting food.

【解析】【分析】据联合会世界粮食计划署的报告，2013年世界上仍然有9亿人在挨饿。因此我们不要再浪费粮食了。文中给了一些关于节约粮食的建议。

⑴细节理解。根据第二段第二句there were 900million hungry people all over the world in 2013.可知答案是About 900 million

⑵细节理解。根据第三段第二句Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Jiangsu, once lost her job because she took some leftover（剩余的） food home for her son. 可知答案是Because she took some leftover food home for her son.

⑶细节理解。根据第第六段 If you can’t eat all the food you order, take the rest of it home.所以答案是：I/We can take the rest of it home.

⑷细节理解。根据最后一段Don’t keep too much food at home, especially for fruit and vegetables. 可知回答应该是：No, I/We can't.

⑸主旨大意。本文讲述了世界上有很多人在挨饿，我们不要浪费粮食以及节约粮食的具体做法。故答案是：The reasons we can't waste food and the ways to stop wasting food. 【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

3．阅读理解

One day, when I arrived at school, an ice cream truck was parked in the schoolyard. Ice cream men usually drove their trucks to primary schools. I had never thought one ice cream truck would come to bring ice cream to us older kids. When I went up to the truck, I was quite surprised to hear the man call out, \"Free ice cream!\" To make sure of his words, I asked, \"I'm sorry. What did you say?\"\" Free ice cream. Choose whichever you like,\" he said, smiling.

After I was certain that the man was just giving away the ice cream, I talked with him for a long time. He told me that his dream was to travel around, giving away ice cream, and that's what he was now doing. With his mother's support, he kept doing what he loved even during hard times. Now, some large companies were helping him with his plan.

The man said he wanted to encourage people to do exactly what their hearts told them to do during their lives. I kept asking him, \"So your dream was just to drive around and give away ice cream? It seems like a very unusual goal.\" \"Yes, just meeting people and making them smile,\" he replied. At that point he handed me my ice cream. I thanked him, but what I got from him was much more than just ice cream. It can't easily be expressed in words. I believe what he was doing is exactly what great people do all the time: small acts of big love.

（1）From the story we know that the writer was most probably at that time. A. a middle school student B. a primary school student C. a middle school teacher D. a primary school teacher

（2）Why did the writer ask the ice cream man to say what he had said again？ A. Because he was not sure whether what he had heard was true. B. Because the ice cream truck had never been here. C. Because the ice cream man said in a low voice. D. Because his hearing was very poor.

（3）With his mother's help and some large companies' support, . A. the man became rich B. the man could produce ice cream C. the man could drive D. the man realized his dream （4）What's the best title for this story？

A. A great man B. Small acts of big love C. A kind of charity D. My dream 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：通过作者在上中学免费领取冰淇淋的事，给我们讲述了一个大道理：小行动大爱。

（1）逻辑推理题，根据 Ice cream men usually drove their trucks to primary schools. I had never thought one ice cream truck would come to bring ice cream to us older kids. 可知作者是一个中学生，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据 When I went up to the truck, I was quite surprised to hear the man call out, \"Free ice cream!\" To make sure of his words, I asked, \"I'm sorry. What did

you say?\" 可知，作者对于卖冰淇淋人的活不太相信，故答案是A。

（3）细节理解题，根据With his mother's support, he kept doing what he loved even during hard times. Now, some large companies were helping him with his plan.可知，在妈妈的帮助下，作者实现了自己的梦想，故答案是D。

（4）标题判断题，根据 I believe what he was doing is exactly what great people do all the time: small acts of big love. 可知本文的标题应该是：小行动大爱，故答案是B。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、逻辑推理题和标题判断题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，有已知内容推出未知的可能的事实；标题判断题需要在充分理解文章的基础上归纳文章中心，凝练句式得出结论。

4．阅读理解

When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.

At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother. At that time they lived poorly in the countryside while his stepmother was from a wealthy family.

His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, \"Dear, I hope you notice in the entire shire this is the worst boy, who has made me have no other way. Maybe before tomorrow morning he will throw a stone at you, or do a bad thing you will never imagine.\"

To Hill's surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband, \"You're wrong. He is not the worst boy in the entire shire, but the cleverest and most creative boy. Only he doesn't find a place to show himself.\"

His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother. And this became the drive of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules, which helped tens of thousands of ordinary people walk on the road to success.

Before his stepmother came, no one praised him smart, and his father and neighbours considered him as a bad boy. However, his stepmother's words changed his life.

When Hill was 14 years old, his stepmother bought him a used typewriter and said to him, \"I believe you will become a writer.\" Hill accepted his stepmother's gift and expectation, and started writing things to a local newspaper. He understood his stepmother's strong feeling of interest in his family while he saw with his own eyes she had changed his family. Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to.

The strength from his stepmother made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.

Praise will never be unnecessary, especially for children. A sincere（真诚的）praise may be better than 10, 000 bad words.

（1）What did people think of Hill before the age of nine?

A. Clever. B. Creative. C. Unfriendly. D. Foolish. （2）Hill started making friends with his stepmother after she . A. smiled at him B. looked at him carefully C. said good words about him D. said bad words about him

（3）Which of the following is WRONG about Hill?

A. He accepted his stepmother's typewriter. B. He failed to do as he was expected. C. He started writing to a local newspaper. D. He understood his stepmother. （4）The passage was written mainly to tell us that . A. children should be praised B. Hill's father married again C. Hill's stepmother was kind to him D. Hill's father was cruel to him 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：小时候，希尔是一个坏孩子，当他九岁时，父亲娶了继母，父亲告诉吉姆他是个坏孩子，但是继母说他不会，而是个聪明的孩子，从此他跟继母的关系变的越来越好。在继母的关爱下成为美国著名的作家。

（1）细节理解题，根据 When he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy. 可知，希尔九岁前是个出了名的坏孩子，故答案是C。

（2）细节理解题，根据 His stepmother's words warmed his heart, his eyes full of tears. With this, he started building friendship with his stepmother. 可知，在继母说了他的好话后，他开始跟继母交朋友，故答案是C。

（3）正误判断题，根据 Therefore, he would do as well as she expected him to. 可知他跟继母期盼的做的一样好，因此B的陈述是错误的，故答案是B。

（4）主旨大意题，根据文章内容可知，继母的表扬让他发生了很大的变化，因此可知，孩子们是需要表扬的，故答案是A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、正误判断题和主旨大意题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻找答案；正误判断题同属于细节理解题，需要根据文章内容做出正误判定；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5．阅读理解

My family has had a great influence on me. When I was a kid, I learnt how to work from my family. My mum would never let me get away when there was something to be done. I learnt the importance of education. My parents would give me 50 dollars if I got As in school. They taught me how to use and save money. My mum taught me how to cook, how to clean, and basically everything I needed to know to live on my own. My dad taught me how to garden, how to do home improvement, how to treat women and girls with respect, and how to put other people's needs above my own. My brothers and sisters taught me how to make a decision in conflict（矛盾）. I'm 22now, and I'll get married next year. I learn things from my parents' marriage by examples. For example, I've never seen my parents really fight. They had disagreements, but they were always in control and never let anger get the best of them. I think that's great, and I'm going to work towards that in my marriage.

I have a great family. I'm grateful that my parents chose to make it a great family. （1）Who taught the writer to do some housework?

A. The mother. B. The father. C. The sisters. D. The brothers. （2）When will the writer have a new family?

A. At the age of 22. B. At the age of 24. C. At the age of 23. D. At the age of 21. （3）Which of the following is NOT true? A. The writer's family influence the writer a lot. B. The writer learns to save money. C. The writer is a girl in the family.

D. The writer's parents never fight with each other.

（4）How will the writer's new family be according to the passage? A. It will be a large family. B. It will be a great family.

C. The family members will be different. D. The family members will never get angry. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了作者的家庭对作者有很大的影响。

（1）推理题。根据 My mum taught me how to cook, how to clean, and basically everything I needed to know to live on my own. 我妈妈教我如何做饭，如何打扫卫生，以及基本上我需要知道的独立生活所需的一切可知， 作者的妈妈教他做家务 ， 故选A。 （2）推理题。根据 I'm 22now, and I'll get married next year 可知， 作者23岁时会有一个新家庭 ， 故选C。

（3）推理题。根据 My dad taught me how to garden, how to do home improvement, how to treat women and girls with respect, 我爸爸教我如何园艺，如何改善家庭，如何尊重妇女和女孩可知作者是男孩，作者是家里的一个女孩是错的 ，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据 I have a great family. I'm grateful that my parents chose to make it a great family. 我有一个大家庭。我很感激我的父母选择让它成为一个伟大的家庭可知， 作者的新家庭会是一个伟大的家庭 故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

6．阅读理解

I'm Li Mei. My favourite book is A Friend Like Henry. It's about how a family dog helps a boy deal with his autism（孤独症）. When I felt sad, my best friend gave me the book. It cheered me up. I'm Tony. Reading in the holiday is an interesting thing. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favourite book. It's about a captain's travel under the sea. The story is very interesting and the pictures are fantastic. This book can make you relaxed. My name's Bob. I like reading the Four Great Classical Novels of China although I'm a foreigner from Sydney. I can't wait to tell the story The Romance of the Three Kingdoms（王国）. It taught me a lot about the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. If you are interested in history, don't miss it. I'm Mary. In my opinion, The Little Prince（王子） is the best one. In this book, a young prince falls into Earth from a small planet and experiences a lot. It's not just a fiction story, but tells us about the correct values. （1）When Li Mei felt ________________, her friend gave her the book A Friend like Henry. A. happy B. sad C. bored D. excited （2）Tony's favourite book is ________________.

A. Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea B. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms C. The Little Prince D. A Friend like Henry

（3）We can learn a lot about ________________ from The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. A. travelling B. geography C. science D. history （4）Mary thinks The Little Prince is the best because ________________. A. it has fantastic pictures B. it can deal with her autism C. it tells about the correct values D. it can cheer her up （5）The best title for this passage is\"________________\".

A. My best friend B. My favourite book C. My interesting movie D. My favourite story 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）C （5）B

【解析】【分析】主要讲了李梅、Tony、Bob和Mary分别最喜爱的书。

（1）细节题。根据第一个表格When I felt sad, my best friend gave me the book.可知当李梅感到难过时，最好的朋友给了她书，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据第二个表格Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favourite book.可知《Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea》是Tony最喜爱的书，故选A。

（3）细节题。根据第三个表格If you are interested in history, don't miss it.可知我们可以学习历史，故选D。

（4）细节题。根据第四个表格It's not just a fiction story, but tells us about the correct values.可知《小王子》不仅仅是一个科幻故事，而且也告诉我们正确的价值观，故选C。 （5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了李梅、Tony、Bob和Mary分别最喜爱的书，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

7．阅读理解

Australia at last! The flight was tiring, but here I am at last, in Sydney! Look! Here we are at last! The Sydney Opera House! It looks like shells!

It's wonderful and amazing! And I'm taking the plane to New Zealand on Tuesday. I'll post again from there.

Coffee and Paris! Paris is beautiful! We went on a great city tour. We also took a boat ride on the River Seine. And it's nicer to just sit at a street care and watch the world go by. But, to tell you a secret. Frank's disappointed because no one can understand his French!

Don't come here! We're staying at a farm in Utah. There is nearly nothing! It's too quiet. Every morning, we get up really early, and we ride the horses. Then it's breakfast and more riding--not my idea of fun! So, today I walked to a little town near the farm where they actually have Internet! Next week, we're shopping in New York. I can't wait! （1）Where is Jessy writing from?

A. Sydney. B. New Zealand. C. Paris. D. Utah. （2）What did Donna and Frank do during their travelling? A. They visited museums. B. They took a boat ride.

C. They sat at a street park. D. They watched movies in the cinema. （3）Which of the following is TRUE according to Anna's Moments（朋友圈） ? A. It is too noisy around the farm. B. Her idea of fun is horse riding. C. She is going to London next week. D. She cannot use Internet at the farm. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是Jessy,Donna,Anna几个人参观不同的城市的感受。

（1）细节理解题。根据Australia at last! The flight was tiring, but here I am at last, in Sydney! 澳大利亚是最后一站。这次飞行很令人厌烦，但是在悉尼这里是我最后一站。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据 We also took a boat ride on the River Seine. 我们还乘船游览了塞纳河。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据So, today I walked to a little town near the farm where they actually have Internet! 因此，今天我步行到农场附近的一个小镇在那里他们实际上是有网络的。可知农场没有网络，她不能在农场使用网络，故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。我们先分析问题，弄清题意，然后带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出和问题相关的细节，选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The phenomenon （现象） of a bike rider getting hit by an opening car door is so common that it has its own term: dooring.

According to a study in Chicago, as many as 1 in 5 bike accidents are caused by car doors—in total, there is nearly one dooring each day in the Windy City （Chicago）.

Even when the bike riders try to turn to the other direction to escape from the opening doors, they can end up getting hit by cars.

Then how can we reduce such kind of accidents? Is there any practical way to solve that problem? Yes. It's the Dutch Reach, which has been popular on the Internet recently. The Dutch Reach is a practice where instead of using your near hand—usually the driver's left hand—to open your car door, you use your far hand—your right hand.

By doing that, you will turn your body around. And you turn your head and shoulders back, so you are looking directly out. First, pass the rearview mirror. And then, you are very easily able to look back and see if there are coming bicycles or cars or anything else. The simplicity of the approach is part of its intelligence. （1）What is dooring? A. The opening of the car door.

B. The accidents caused by opening the car door. C. That bike riders are hit by opening car doors. D. The accidents that happened in the Windy City.

（2）__________ of bike accidents are caused by dooring according to the study. A. 1% B. 5% C. 20% D. 25% （3）Which hand do you use to open the door in the Dutch Reach? A. The left hand if I am the driver. B. The right hand if I am the driver. C. The right hand if I sit at the back. D. The right hand if I sit next to the driver. （4）What does the underlined phrase \"rearview mirror\" mean in Chinese?

A. 门把手 B. 雨刮器 C. 后视镜 D. 挡风玻璃 【答案】 （1）C （2）C （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：骑自行的人被打开的车门撞到是很普遍的现象，怎样避免这种状况的发生呢？

（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句The phenomenon （现象） of a bike rider getting hit by an opening car door is so common that it has its own term: dooring.理解可知，dooring就是骑自行车的人被汽车车门撞倒了，故选C。

（2）理解计算题。根据文中的语句According to a study in Chicago, as many as 1 in 5 bike accidents are caused by car doors—in total, there is nearly one dooring each day in the Windy City （Chicago）.理解可知，根据芝加哥的一项研究，多达五分之一的自行车事故是由车门引起的，也就是20%，故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句The Dutch Reach is a practice where instead of using your near hand—usually the driver's left hand—to open your car door, you use your far hand—your right hand.理解可知，在这种练习中，司机要用右手而不是左手去开门，故选B。 （4）词义推测题。根据文中的语句 First, pass the rearview mirror. And then, you are very easily able to look back and see if there are coming bicycles or cars or anything else. 理解可知，rearview mirror是后视镜的意思，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题，词义推断题及推理判断题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题，词义推断题以及判断题都需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。

9．阅读理解

Different countries have different customs. When you are in different countries, you should follow their customs.

In China, it's impolite to talk when eating dinner. And you're not supposed to start eating first if there are older people at the table.

Very often people who travel to the United States forget to tip（付小费）. It is usual to tip waiters, taxi drivers and porters who help carry your bags. Waiters expect to get a 15% tip on the cost of your meal. Taxi drivers expect about the same amount.

In England, make sure to stand in line even if there are only two of you. It's important to respect（尊重）lines there. It's a good idea to talk about the weather. It's a favorite subject of conversation with the British.

In Spain（西班牙）, it's a good idea to have a light meal in the afternoon if someone invites you for dinner. People have dinner very late, and restaurants do not generally open until after 9:00 p. m.

In Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）, men kiss one another on the cheek. Your host may welcome you with a kiss on both cheeks. It is polite of you to do the same.

In Japan, people usually give personal or business cards to each other when they meet for the first time. When a person gives you a card, don't put it into your pocket（口袋）as soon as you get it. The person expects you to read it.

Don't forget to be careful about your body language to express something in conversations. A kind of body language that is acceptable in one culture may be impolite in another. （1）What does the underlined word \"porters\" mean in Chinese？

A. 搬运工 B. 水电工 C. 建筑工 D. 环卫工 （2）If you travel to the US, and you spend $ 200 on a taxi ride and $ 320 on a meal, you are supposed to tip in total.

A. $520 B. $78 C. $156 D. $60 （3）Which of the following is TRUE？

A. You are expected to kiss your host on the cheek in Japan. B. Generally, restaurants don't offer dinner after 9:00 p. m. in Spain. C. It's impolite to eat first if there are older people at the table in China.

D. You don't need to stand in line if there are two people waiting for a bus in England. （4）What does the passage mainly talk about？ A. Where to travel.

B. How to tip in different countries. C. When to use body language. D. Customs in different countries. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）C （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时，你应该遵循他们的习俗。

（1）词义猜测题。根据 who help carry your bags 帮你搬东西的人可知，porters是搬运工的意思，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据 服务员希望得到15%的餐费小费。出租车司机期望大约相同的数额 服务员希望得到15%的餐费小费。出租车司机期望大约相同的数额可知， 如果你去美国旅行，坐出租车花200美元，吃饭花320美元，你应该总共付小费是（200+320）*20%=78美元 ， 故选B。

（3）推理题。根据 you're not supposed to start eating first if there are older people at the table 如果餐桌上有老年人，你不应该先吃饭 可知， 如果中国的餐桌上有老年人，先吃饭是不礼貌的正确 ， 故选C。

（4）细节题。根据本文介绍不同的国家有不同的习俗。当你在不同的国家时，你应该遵循他们的习俗可知，文章主要讲述不同国家的风俗 ， 故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思

想。

10．阅读理解

Fiona likes to listen to music. She likes to listen to classical music. Now she is listening to Beethoven's Symphony （交响曲） No. 5. The music is about fate knocking on the door. Fate is the unseen power of life. Fate changes our lives. Fate designs our lives. Fiona likes this music. She feels the power of music.

Suddenly, somebody knocks on her door. She goes to the door and opens it. There is a man at the door. The man is old. He has grey hair and a grey beard （胡须）. She doesn't know who the person is. The man says he is her father. She closes the door in front of the man. She stays at the door and thinks. She has a father. But he is dead. She doesn't know the man at the door. She doesn't understand why he says he is her father. She wants to call the police. Just then she can see a photo under the door. The man is giving her a photo. She looks at the photo. She can see herself with a man she doesn't know. It is her because she took many photos when she was a young girl. Is the man who is standing in front of her door her father? She must find the answer. She opens the door. She asks the man whether he is lying or not. The man tells her he is telling the truth. She invites him for a cup of coffee. They sit down and drink coffee. They start talking about life. He tells her everything that he knows. She listens. Sometimes she is surprised. Sometimes she cries. Sometimes she laughs. They are listening to Beethoven. This time it is not fate, but her father who is knocking on the door. （1）What kind of music does Fiona like?

A. Folk music. B. Pop music. C. Rock and roll. D. Classical music. （2）Why does Fiona open the door again? A. Because the man gives her a photo of her and her father. B. Because she realizes the man standing outside is her father. C. Because she wants to know whether the man is her father. D. Because she wants to listen to the man's stories.

（3）How does Fiona feel during the talk with the man?

A. Surprised. B. Sad. C. Happy. D. A, B&C （4）Where can you find this passage?

A. In a music book. B. In a storybook. C. In a sports book. D. In a science book. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】大意:本文讲述主人公菲奥娜在听贝多芬的第五首歌的时候，她听到门外有敲门声，她打开门却意外地有人叫她为女儿，她感到很吃惊，爸爸明明已故，但是此时的这个所谓“爸爸”的男人又似曾相识，打开门后两人谈了许多往事，往事让菲奥娜有时吃惊，有时哭泣，有时微笑，最后他们一起听贝多芬的歌曲，最好父女相认。

（1）细节题。根据She likes to listen to classical music.可知，她喜欢听古典音乐，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据Is the man who is standing in front of her door her father? She must find the answer.可知，因为她想知道是否这个男人是她爸爸，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据Sometimes she is surprised. Sometimes she cries. Sometimes she laughs.可知，她有时开心有时伤心有时吃惊，故选D。

（4）推断题。本文讲述菲奥娜和父亲相认的故事，可知这篇文章应来自故事书，故选B。 【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要根据上下文，推断出需要的信息。

11．阅读理解

Schools in the UK are cutting time spent on PE lessons because of exam pressures. Secondary school teachers said that older teenagers were especially likely to miss out, because the time spent on physical education for 14-16 -year-olds had fallen in the past five years.

Teachers said that increased pressure to produce exam results was leading to children being pulled out of PE lessons. One in three said exam pressures were behind the decline, and they said subjects such as English and Maths had been given more time at the cost of PE.

Almost all of the teachers from the 487 schools said PE should be more valued for its advantages to young people. Mental health experts also warned that cutting down on exercise could increase children's mental health problems. Cal Strode, spokesman for the Mental Health Foundation, said cutting PE time would be \"short-sighted and dangerous\". He said, \"It is worrying to hear that PE is being cut at a time when students are facing problems with stress and anxiety in increasing numbers. There's a close relationship between mental and physical health.\" Tom Madders, director of campaigns at charity Young Minds, said, \"Schools' cutting down on physical education because of exam pressures is worrying. Schools that value health also do better in study, so it makes sense to keep good health, rather than putting children under more pressure.\"

Rising exam stress has been raised as a problem by experts who warn that children are under greater pressure because of a competitive jobs market. Ali Oliver, an expert, said, \"The PE is good for physical and mental health. So cutting down physical education time is depriving young people of these advantages at a time when they need them most.\" （1）What do we know about the text? A. Schools that value health do worse in study. B. Good physical health is good for mental health. C. Many teachers don't realize the importance of PE D. Children in the UK have serious mental problems.

（2）_______ said that Cutting PE time would be \"short-sighted and dangerous\". A. The teachers in the UK. B. Tom Madders C. Cal Strode D. Ali Oliver （3）According to the text, the exam pressure is from ______. A. future work B. poor mental health C. parents' expectations D. schools' requirements

（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The importance of physical education B. Teachers' support of getting more PE time C. The serious problems of education in the UK D. Schools' cutting down PE time for exam pressure 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了学校因为考试的压力减少体育课的时间，以及减少体育课带来的问题。

（1）细节题。根据 Mental health experts also warned that cutting down on exercise could increase children's mental health problems There's a close relationship between mental and physical health.\" 可知身体健康对心理健康有好处。故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 Cal Strode, spokesman for the Mental Health Foundation, said cutting PE time would be \"short-sighted and dangerous\".可知，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据 Rising exam stress has been raised as a problem by experts who warn that children are under greater pressure because of a competitive jobs market.可知考试的压力是来自于竞争激烈的就业市场，故选A。

（4）主旨题。根据文章内容，本文主要介绍了学校因为考试的压力减少体育课的时间，以及减少体育课带来的问题。故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和主旨题都是常考题型。细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；主旨题需要通读全文了解大意之后找出中心思想。

12．阅读理解

Populations of white-tailed deer（白尾鹿） are growing rapidly in many parts of the United States. As populations grow, food becomes a problem. Many deer die of hunger. Others grow up small and unhealthy. In search of food, hungry deer move closer to where humans live. They eat farm crops, vegetables and even trees. Besides, increased numbers of deer near roads can cause traffic accidents.

People admire the grace and fast speed of deer. Most people don't want these animals to be hungry and ill. Should people take action to control the growing deer populations? Should People Take Direct Action?

Many people think that hunting（打猎） is the best way to control the animal populations. Wildlife managers will see if there's enough food in an area and decide its carrying capacity（容量）. Then hunters with licenses are sent to help control the number of deer. Hunting is usually not allowed in cities or suburbs, however.

Some people have the idea to catch the deer and move them to other places. But this method is expensive and requires finding another place that can accept the deer without breaking the balance of ecosystem（生态系统）.

Scientists are also working to develop chemicals（化学药品） to control the birth rate（率） in deer populations. But this plan works for only one year at a time. Should People Take Indirect Action?

Some suggest bringing in natural enemies of deer, such as wolves, lions and bears, to areas with too many deer. But these animals could also hurt dogs, cats, and even humans. Other communities have built tall fences（篱笆） around areas to keep out the deer. However, this is impossible for farmers. ▲

Some people are against any kind of action. They support leaving the deer alone. Animal populations in an area naturally go up and down over time. Doing nothing means that some deer will die of hunger or illness. But finally, the population will reach a size within the carrying capacity（容量） of the environment. So, let nature go its own way.

（1）According to the passage, increased numbers of deer can bring to people in the area. A. water pollution B. traffic accidents C. serious illnesses D. growing populations （2）Which of the following is the best to fill in the \" ▲ \" in the passage? A. Should People Do Nothing? B. Should People Protect the Deer? C. Should People Take Special Action? D. Should People Drive the Deer Away? （3）The writer most probably agrees that . A. farmers can build fences to keep the deer out B. people should leave the deer alone in the wild C. hunting is the best way to control the deer populations D. it's great to catch the deer and move them to other places （4）The writer organizes this passage by .

A. telling stories B. using numbers C. giving opinions D. describing scenes （场景） 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了美国的白尾鹿数量激增，有人认为应该采用直接的方法控制白尾鹿的数量，而一些人认为需要使用间接的方法控制白尾鹿的数量。

（1）细节题。根据Besides, increased numbers of deer near roads can cause traffic accidents. 可知白尾鹿数量的增加可导致交通事故的发生，故选B。

（2）推理题。根据最后一段的描述可知，主要讲述反对采取措施的人的观点，根据前两部分标题的构成，本部分的标题为“人们应该不管吗”，故选A。

（3）推理题。根据 So, let nature go its own way.可知，作者支持不采取让和措施的方法，故选B。

（4）推理题。作者通过例举打猎， 将鹿的天敌，如狼、狮子和熊引入鹿太多的地区等例子，可知本文主要是通过列举不同的观点来组织材料的，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

13．阅读理解

My 14-year-old son, John, and I saw the coat at the same time in a second-hand clothing store. It stood out among big and old coats. It was so beautiful and had an unbelievable price, $ 28. I looked at my son and we both said nothing, but John's eyes shone. Dark, woolen coats were popular with teenage boys, but new ones could cost several hundred dollars. This coat was even better. John tried it on and turned from side to side, eyeing himself in the mirror. It fit him so well. John wore the coal to school the next clay. After he came home, I asked. \"Did the kids like your coat?\"

\"They loved it,\" he said with a big grin.

Over the next few weeks, John changed. He was polite, less argumentative, more thoughtful, and much happier. \"Good dinner, Mom,\" he would say every evening. Without a word of complaining, he would carry in wood for the stove. One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off, said, \"You're right. I guess I will.\" When I mentioned this change to one of his teachers, she joked that the coat must have changed him.

John and I both know we should never judge a person by his clothes. But it is true that when wearing beautiful and suitable clothes, we may try to be better in thought, speech and behavior to match what is on the inside to what is on the outside. （1）What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. The price of the coat was too high. B. John liked the coat very much. C. They often went shopping together. D. The writer didn't want to buy the coat.

（2）What did John use to do when he was asked to study? A. Start at once. B. Put off his homework. C. Work hard on schoolwork. D. Carry in wood for the stove.

（3）Which of the following changes did NOT happen to John after he wore the coat? A. He was willing to follow suggestions. B. He often helped to do some housework. C. He always worried about his study.

D. He said sweet words to make his mother happy.

（4）What does the writer want to say through this passage? A. What we wear could help shape who we are inside. B. Life is full of possibilities when we are young. C. We should not judge people by their appearance. D. It's a good choice to try different things in our lives. 【答案】 （1）B （2）B

（3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文通过讲述儿子自从穿了一件新的衣服后，整个人发生了变化，变得礼貌了，更快乐，愿意听从建议了，也愿意说些话让作者高兴了，从而得出结论，我们穿的衣服也会影响我们的内在。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中语句I looked at my son and we both said nothing, but John's eyes shone. 可知他喜欢这件外套。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二段One day when I suggested that he might start on his homework before dinner, John, who always put things off⋅⋅⋅可知John经常拖延做作业，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段John changed．He was polite，less argumentative，more thoughtful，and much happier．\"Good dinner，mom．\"he would say every evening．Without a word of complaining，he would carry in wood for the stove．约翰变了，他彬彬有礼，不爱争论，更体贴，更快乐．\"晚餐好，妈妈．\"他每天晚上都会这样说．一句怨言也没有，他就会把木头放到炉子里．可知，C选项\"他总是担心他的学习．\"，没发生，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据最后一段的总结But it is true that when wearing beautiful and suitable clothes, we may try to be better in thought, speech and behavior to match what is on the inside to what is on the outside.可知，作者想告诉我们，我们穿什么衣服可以帮助塑造我们是谁。故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

14．阅读理解

When my brother and I were children, we spent a few weeks each summer in the countryside with our uncle. He was a geologist and loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. More often than not, we followed him.

One day, we left early and this time, our uncle gave us two backpacks. \"You can help me carry the samples（样本）,\" he explained.

Sure, why not? The whole day, we walked around the countryside, and every now and then, our uncle put stones in our bags. We were a bit surprised that sometimes he also took some stones out from our bags, but thought he had just found better samples.

We reached the house in the late afternoon. The backpacks were so heavy that we were really tired out when we put them on the ground. Yet our uncle's backpack was half-empty.

\"Why did you give us so many stones?\" we asked. \"I didn't. You did, \"he said, waiting for a while before continuing.\" You did not know it, but I made you go through a little attitude（态度） test today.\"

\"What do you mean an attitude test?\" we wanted to know.

\"It is something someone once did to me. You see, I listened to every word you said. And whenever you complained（抱怨） about anyone or anything, I added a stone to your bags. And

whenever you talked about something in an attitude of positive thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks.\" We did. They were full. \"I hope you remember this little attitude test. You see, your negative（负面的） thoughts are like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in a backpack. The more negative thoughts you have, the heavier your mind is. So look at those bags and start paying attention to what you say and how you say things.\" This little lesson was one of the most important I ever had. And I remember my uncle with great love for teaching us one of the most important lessons in life-the power of attitude. （1）A geologist is a person who .

A. grows plants B. studies the earth C. sells stones D. draws pictures （2）What did the writer and his brother often do when staying with their uncle in the countryside?

A. They often followed him to collect stones. B. They often followed him to his university. C. They often studied the stones with him. D. They often took long walks to enjoy nature.

（3）When the writer and his brother returned home late in the afternoon, . A. they were tired but happy that they had helped their uncle B. they wished they could collect more sample stones C. they found that their bags were filled with stones D. they were angry to find their uncle's bag half-empty

（4）How did the uncle explain the attitude test to the author? A. By giving examples of good stones. B. By asking questions about the stones. C. By using famous sayings about stones. D. By comparing negative thoughts to stones.

（5）This article is mainly written to tell us that . A. we should do science tests from time to time B. we should spend more time collecting stories C. we should be more positive when facing difficulties D. we should pay more attention to our backpacks 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）D （5）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了跟叔叔在一起的时候做的一个态度测试，告诉我们一个道理，要用积极的态度去面对我们遇到的困难。不要让消极的思想占领你的大脑。 （1）词义猜测题，根据 loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. 可知他叔叔喜欢收集石头，并且放到学校的收藏里面，因此可是他是地质爱好者，应该是地理学家，地理学家就是研究地球的人，故答案是B

（2）细节理解题，根据 He was a geologist and loved to go on long walks to find stones to

add to his collection at the university. More often than not, we followed him. 可知，作者和他的弟弟喜欢跟着他叔叔捡石头，故答案是A。

（3）细节理解题，根据 We reached the house in the late afternoon. The backpacks were so heavy that we were really tired out 可知背包里装满了石头，故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 I hope you remember this little attitude test. You see, your negative（负面的） thoughts are like stones. 可知在这个测试中他叔叔把消极的态度比作石头，，故答案是D。

（5）主旨大意题，根据文章的描述可知，不要把消极的态度整天装在脑子里，消极的思想越多你的思想越沉重，应该用积极的态度面对生活，面对遇到的困难，故答案是C。 【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到词义猜测题，细节理解题和主旨大意题，词义猜测题可以根据句子的前后文根据合理的想象得出单词的意思，细节理解题则需要细读文章，从文章中直接找到答案，或者答案的依据。而主旨大意题需要早完全理解文章的基础上提炼出文章的中心。

15．阅读理解

On Miriam's 9th birthday two years ago, her aunt, who lives in Kenya（肯尼亚）, gave money to a group that cares for elephants to celebrate Miriam's birthday. Then Miriam and her mother visited Africa to learn how the group was helping elephants. Later, Miriam fell in love with the animals and wanted to help save them.

A few months after visiting Africa, Miriam watched How I Became an Elephant, a film about the mistreatment of elephants in Thailand, and a young girl's effort to save them. Miriam decided she wanted to raise money to save elephants.

Last year, Miriam created a program called They Deserve（应得） to Be Free after seeing how young elephants are abused in Thailand. She learned how people take a baby elephant, don't give it food or water for days and beat it hard. \"It made me really sad. I need to do something useful.\" Miriam said.

Miriam is working to make money for Elephant Nature Park in Thailand. She asked her friends to give money to the park rather than giving her birthday gifts.

She recently joined about 12 other students in an art center. They made elephants from clay and decorated（装饰） them. Then she created a plan to sell clay elephants.

Kate, Miriam's art teacher, opened her art studio（工作室） to Miriam and her friends on weekends so they could make clay elephants. She even gave them the clay.\" It's great to see a young student wanting to spend her time on something meaningful. This is what we should all work towards,\" Kate said.

Miriam says she has sold 180 clay elephants worth 2, 000 dollars, and all of that money has

been sent to Elephant Nature Park in Thailand. （1）Miriam went to Africa to ________.

A. join a group B. visit her aunt C. help save elephants D. learn about the group （2）The underlined word \"abused\" in Paragraph 3 means .

A. 虐待 B. 杀害 C. 训练 D. 饲养 （3）Which of the following is TRUE about Kate from the passage? A. She was probably very proud of Miriam. B. She taught Miriam to make clay elephants. C. She spent time selling clay elephants with Miriam. D. She was worried that Miriam's plan wouldn't work. （4）The best title for the passage is probably .

A. Elephants Are in Great Danger B. Care for Animals, Care for Earth C. 11-year-old Fights to Save Elephants D. Protect Animals-Duty of Everyone 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了一个有爱心，为了大象做了很多事情的女孩。

（1）细节题。根据 Then Miriam and her mother visited Africa to learn how the group was helping elephants 可知米里亚姆访问了非洲，为了了解该组织，故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据 Miriam created a program called They Deserve（应得） to Be Free after seeing how young elephants are abused in Thailand. She learned how people take a baby elephant, don't give it food or water for days and beat it hard 可知abused，虐待，故选A。 （3）推理题。根据 She even gave them the clay.\" It's great to see a young student wanting to spend her time on something meaningful. This is what we should all work towards,\" Kate said 可知Kate为，Miriam感到骄傲，故选A。

（4）主旨题。根据本文介绍了一个有爱心，为了大象做了很多事情的女孩，可知标题适合是11-year-old Fights to Save Elephants 11岁的孩子为了拯救大象而战斗 ，故选C。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。