mysql 无法启动,带错误日志,请大神指教
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‘%log_error%‘;
+---------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| log_error | /home/WDPM/MysqlData/mysql/DB-Server.localdomain.err |
+---------------+------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
修改错误日志的位置
错误日志所记录的信息是可以通过log-error和log-warnings来定义的，其中log_error是定义是否启用错误日志的功能和错误日志的存储位置，log-warnings是定义是否将警告信息也定义至错误日志中。可以在启动MySQL时，指定log_error的值。如下所示
[root@DB-Server ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start --log_error=/tmp/DB-Server.localdomain.err
Starting MySQL..........[ OK ]
[root@DB-Server ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.20-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced Edition (Commercial)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like ‘%log_error%‘;
+---------------+--------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------+
| log_error | /tmp/DB-Server.localdomain.err |
+---------------+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
如果关闭MySQL，然后重启MySQL，你会发现log_error的值又变为了/home/WDPM/MysqlData/mysql/DB-Server.localdomain.err 。也就是说这样设置只是对本次有效，如果需要永久修改，那么就必须在my.cnf中指定log_error参数的值。
错误日志可以任意命名吗？ 答案是可以，例如我在/etc/my.cnf配置文件中，添加了参数log_error=/u02/mysql/mysql.err，重新启动MySQL，如下所示
如果配置文件中设置了参数log_error，启动MySQL时也设置参数log_error，那么那个优先级高呢？我测试验证了一下，my.cnf的参数优先级别要高于启动是的参数log_error
/etc/init.d/mysql start log_error=/tmp/DB-Server.localdomain.err
错误日志归档备份
错误日志如果不清理或删除，那么它会一直增长。在MySQL 5.5.7之前，可以通过mysqladmin –uroot –p flush-logs命令删除错误日志。MySQL 5.5.7以及之后，只能通过下面方式来归档、备份错误日志.
shell> mv host_name.err host_name.err-old
shell> mysqladmin -u root -p flush-logs
shell> mv host_name.err-old backup-directory
MySQL错误日志总结
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热心网友
你是不是装了其他软件占了3306端口，比如skype追问没有吧，我刚才用cmd查看了下，貌似没有见到3306的
追答那就看不出来了别的问题了，重装安装试试看
热心网友
MySQL 8.0 重新定义了错误日志输出和过滤，改善了原来臃肿并且可读性很差的错误日志。比如增加了 JSON 输出，在原来的日志后面以序号以及 JSON 后缀的方式展示。比如我机器上的 MySQL 以 JSON 保存的错误日志 mysqld.log.00.json：[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# jq . mysqld.log.00.json{ "log_type": 1, "prio": 1, "err_code": 12592, "subsystem": "InnoDB", "msg": "Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.", "time": "2019-09-03T08:16:12.111808Z", "thread": 8, "err_symbol": "ER_IB_MSG_767", "SQL_state": "HY000", "label": "Error"}{ "log_type": 1, "prio": 1, "err_code": 12593, "subsystem": "InnoDB", "msg": "The error means the system cannot find the path specified.", "time": "2019-09-03T08:16:12.111915Z", "thread": 8, "err_symbol": "ER_IB_MSG_768", "SQL_state": "HY000", "label": "Error"}{ "log_type": 1, "prio": 1, "err_code": 12216, "subsystem": "InnoDB", "msg": "Cannot open datafile for read-only: './ytt2/a.ibd' OS error: 71", "time": "2019-09-03T08:16:12.111933Z", "thread": 8, "err_symbol": "ER_IB_MSG_391", "SQL_state": "HY000", "label": "Error"}以 JSON 输出错误日志后可读性和可操作性增强了许多。这里可以用 Linux 命令 jq 或者把这个字串 COPY 到其他解析 JSON 的工具方便处理。只想非常快速的拿出错误信息，忽略其他信息。[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# jq '.msg' mysqld.log.00.json"Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.""The error means the system cannot find the path specified.""Cannot open datafile for read-only: './ytt2/a.ibd' OS error: 71""Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.""Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue."使用 JSON 输出的前提是安装 JSON 输出部件。
INSTALL COMPONENT 'file://component_log_sink_json';
完了在设置变量 SET GLOBAL log_error_services = 'log_filter_internal; log_sink_json';
格式为：过滤规则；日志输出；[过滤规则]日志输出；查看安装好的部件mysql> select * from mysql.component;+--------------+--------------------+---------------------------------------+| component_id | component_group_id | component_urn |+--------------+--------------------+---------------------------------------+| 2 | 1 | file://component_log_sink_json |+--------------+--------------------+---------------------------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
现在设置 JSON 输出，输出到系统日志的同时输出到 JSON 格式日志。mysql> SET persist log_error_services = 'log_filter_internal; log_sink_internal; log_sink_json';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
来测试一把。我之前已经把表 a 物理文件删掉了。mysql> select * from a;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`a`.
现在错误日志里有 5 条记录。
[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# tailf mysqld.log
2019-09-03T08:16:12.111808Z 8 [ERROR] [MY-012592] [InnoDB] Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
2019-09-03T08:16:12.111915Z 8 [ERROR] [MY-012593] [InnoDB] The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
2019-09-03T08:16:12.111933Z 8 [ERROR] [MY-012216] [InnoDB] Cannot open datafile for read-only: './ytt2/a.ibd' OS error: 71
2019-09-03T08:16:12.112227Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.
2019-09-03T08:16:14.902617Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.
JSON 日志里也有 5 条记录。
[root@centos-ytt80 mysql80]# tailf mysqld.log.00.json
{ "log_type" : 1, "prio" : 1, "err_code" : 12592, "subsystem" : "InnoDB", "msg" : "Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.", "time" : "2019-09-03T08:16:12.111808Z", "thread" : 8, "err_symbol" : "ER_IB_MSG_767", "SQL_state" : "HY000", "label" : "Error" }
{ "log_type" : 1, "prio" : 1, "err_code" : 12593, "subsystem" : "InnoDB", "msg" : "The error means the system cannot find the path specified.", "time" : "2019-09-03T08:16:12.111915Z", "thread" : 8, "err_symbol" : "ER_IB_MSG_768", "SQL_state" : "HY000", "label" : "Error" }
{ "log_type" : 1, "prio" : 1, "err_code" : 12216, "subsystem" : "InnoDB", "msg" : "Cannot open datafile for read-only: './ytt2/a.ibd' OS error: 71", "time" : "2019-09-03T08:16:12.111933Z", "thread" : 8, "err_symbol" : "ER_IB_MSG_391", "SQL_state" : "HY000", "label" : "Error" }
{ "log_type" : 1, "prio" : 2, "err_code" : 12049, "subsystem" : "InnoDB", "msg" : "Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.", "time" : "2019-09-03T08:16:12.112227Z", "thread" : 8, "err_symbol" : "ER_IB_MSG_224", "SQL_state" : "HY000", "label" : "Warning" }
{ "log_type" : 1, "prio" : 2, "err_code" : 12049, "subsystem" : "InnoDB", "msg" : "Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.", "time" : "2019-09-03T08:16:14.902617Z", "thread" : 8, "err_symbol" : "ER_IB_MSG_224", "SQL_state" : "HY000", "label" : "Warning" }
那可能有人就问了，这有啥意义呢？只是把格式变了，过滤的规则我看还是没变。那我们现在给第二条日志输出加过滤规则先把过滤日志的部件安装起来
INSTALL COMPONENT 'file://component_log_filter_dragnet';
mysql> SET persist log_error_services = 'log_filter_internal; log_sink_internal; log_filter_dragnet;log_sink_json';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
只保留 error，其余的一律过滤掉。SET GLOBAL dragnet.log_error_filter_rules = 'IF prio>=WARNING THEN drop.';
检索一张误删的表mysql> select * from a;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`a`.
查看错误日志和 JSON 错误日志发现错误日志里有一条 Warning，JSON 错误日志里的被过滤掉了。2019-09-03T08:22:32.978728Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`a` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.
再举个例子，每 60 秒只允许记录一个 Warning 事件mysql> SET GLOBAL dragnet.log_error_filter_rules = 'IF prio==WARNING THEN throttle 1/60.';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
多次执行mysql> select * from b;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`b`.mysql> select * from b;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`b`.mysql> select * from b;ERROR 1812 (HY000): Tablespace is missing for table `ytt2`.`b`.
现在错误日志里有三条 warning 信息
2019-09-03T08:49:06.820635Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.
2019-09-03T08:49:31.455907Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.
2019-09-03T08:50:00.430867Z 8 [Warning] [MY-012049] [InnoDB] Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.
mysqld.log.00.json 只有一条{ "log_type" : 1, "prio" : 2, "err_code" : 12049, "subsystem" : "InnoDB", "msg" : "Cannot calculate statistics for table `ytt2`.`b` because the .ibd file is missing. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/innodb-troubleshooting.html for how to resolve the issue.", "time" : "2019-09-03T08:49:06.820635Z", "thread" : 8, "err_symbol" : "ER_IB_MSG_224", "SQL_state" : "HY000", "and_n_more" : 3, "label" : "Warning" }
总结，我这里简单介绍了下 MySQL 8.0 的错误日志过滤以及 JSON 输出。MySQL 8.0 的component_log_filter_dragnet 部件过滤规则非常灵活，可以参考手册，根据它提供的语法写出自己的过滤掉的日志输出。
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热心网友
日志写的是启动正常啊？
