Section I Use of English
Dnecclious:
Read the following text. Choose the bcsl word(s) for each numbered blank, and mark[A], [B], [C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
In 1924 American' National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawhtore Plant near Chicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting —1—workers productivity Instead, the studies ended
u
2 giving their name to the
Hawhthome effect\" the extremely inf lenticel Idea the veey 3
to bemg expenmented upon changed
subjects' behavior
The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plato. Accordmg to
5 of the
expetmems. their, houriy output rose when hghtmg was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not
6 what
was done in the expenment. 7 sometmg was changed, produchnty rose A(n) —8― that they were bemg experimented upon seemed to be 9 tO alterworkers， bchamor 10 uself
After several decades, the salile data were 11—to
econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2 ~■ the descnpuons on record, no systematic —13—was foundthat levels of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lighting
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the c^enments may be have let to
14
interpretation of what happed.
15—, tighring was always changed on a Sunday When work
started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and days
17 to rise for the next couple of
18— , a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was
no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday, workers 19
to be duigent for the first few days of the
21 a plateau and then slackening
week in any case, before
off This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect \"is hard to ptn down 1.[A] affected
[C]exlracted 2 [A] at
[B]achieved
[D]restored Mup
[C]with
[D]Off 3[A]Wuth
[D]proof
[B]sight
[C]act
4.[A]convoversial
[c]mischieous 5.[Ajreqtttrents
[C]accounts 6[A]conclude
[D]work
7[A]as faras casethat
[D]so 8. [A]awarerress
[D]illusion
9.[A]suitale
[D]abundant
10. [A]about
[D]by
11[A]compared
[D]conveyed [C]parallel with [C]implication [C]retiable
[B]perplexing
[D]ambiguous
[B]explanations
[D]assements [B]matter
[C]indicate
[B]for fearthat
[C]in
[B]expectation
[C]sentiment
[B]excessive
[C]enough
[B]for [C] on
[B]shown [C]subjected
[B]consistent with [D]pealliar to [B]guidance [D]source
[B]enlightening [D] was leading
long as
12. [A]contrary to
13.[A]evidence
14. [A]disputable
15.[A]In contast
[B]For example [C]In
consequence [D]As usual 16. [A]duly
[B]accidentally [C]unpredictably
[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed
[B]ceased [C]started
[D]continued 20. [A]breaking
[D]hiting
[B]chrnbing
[C]surpassmg
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A], [B], [C]or[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 2
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods. Amazon com received one for its \"one-click\" online payment systern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a box
Now the nation' s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have
been controversial e,ver since they were first authorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would usea particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bi jskl, as the case is known, is \"a very big deal\" , says Dermis'D Crouch of the University of Missouri
School of law. It \"has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts\"
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 2023 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2023, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in
court cases opposing the practice。
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court' s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluste is wether it should \"reconsider\" its state street Bank rulingo
The Federal Circuit' s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for \"inventions\" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are \"reaction to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court\" says Harole C wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law Schoolo
26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of
[A] their limited value to business [B] their connection with asset allocation [C] the possible restriction on their granting [D] the controversy over authorization
27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?
[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions [B] It involves a very big business transaction [C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit [D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S。
28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3)most probably means
[A] loss of good will [B] increase of hostility [C] change of attitude [D] change of auiuled
29. We learn from the last two pamgraphs that business-meihod Pateats
[A] are immune to legal challenges [B] are of ten unnecessarily issued [C] lower the esteem for pateat holders [D] increase the incidence of risks
30. Which of the following would bethe subject of the text?
[A] A looming threat to bvamess-melhcd patents [B] Protection for business-method patent holders [C] A legal case regarding business-methodpatems [D] A prevailing tread against business-method patents
Text 3
In his book The Tipping Poinl Maleohn aladuel1 aloues that
social epidemics are dliven in largepart by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often calledin flu entials who are unusual1 informed, persuasive, or we connect The idea is intuit ively compelling but it doesn，t explain howideas actually spreado
The supposed importance of inftuentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory untested thelry called the tow-step flow of communication” Information Hows from the mediato the inftuentials and from then to ereryone else. Marke ters have embraced the two-step flow became it suggests that if they can just find and influence the in fluent ials, those select people will do most of the ork for them Thetheory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyoneelse paid attention Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people call drivetrends
In their recent work howeyer some researchers have come up with the finding that in fluentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is genetally supposed In fact they don, t seem to be required of all
The researchers argument stems from a simple obserrating
about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primanrilly a
，
function of media not interpersonal influence-enen the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theoryare supposed to drive social enidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly . For a social epidemic to occur however each person so sffected must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won' t propagate very far or affect many peopleo
Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people' s abilify to influence others and their tendence to be
31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to
[A] analyze the consequences of social epid emics [B] discuss influentials, funcition in spreading ideas
[C] exemplify people' s intuitive response to social epidemics
[D] describe
influentials
32. The author suggests that the ^two-step-flow theoryv
[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems [B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends [C] has won support from influentials [D] requires solid evidence for its validity
33. what the researchers have observed recenty shows that
[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions [B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media [C] influentials have more channels to reach the public {D}most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention
34. the underlined phrase \"these people\" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who
{A}stay outside the network of social influence (B}have little contact with the source of influence {C}are influenced and then influence others {D} are influenced by the initial influential
34. what is the essential slement in the dynamics of social influence?
the
essential
characteristics
of
{A}The eageiness to be accepted (B}The impulse to influence others {C}The resdiness to be influenced (D}The inclination to rely on others
Text 4
Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in
public . Behind eht scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it' s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price atheird party wou 1 d pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。
Unfortunately, banksJ lobbying now seems to be working. The
details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital marksts, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult. After a bruising encounter with Xongress. America;s Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changse. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on longOterm assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB' s
chairman, cried out against ehose who \" question our motiveso \" Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls” the use of judgment by managemento ”
European
ministers
instantly
demanded
that
the
International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it comletes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that is did\" not live in a political vacuum\" but” in the real word\" and the Europe could yet develop different ruleso
It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accouts htat wastly overvalued assets, today they argue htat market prices overstate loeees, because htey
Largerly reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not
the likely entent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank' s shares trade below their book value, suggeting that investors are akeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are relucaant to buy all those supposed bargainso
To get the sysytem working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America, s new plan to buy up toxic assets wi 11 not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find
attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options ang pensions, for example, against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessionso 36. Bankers complained that they were forced to
[A] follow anfavorable asset evaluation rules [B] collect payments from third parties [C] cooperate with the price managers [D] reevaluate some of their assets
37. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in
[A] the dimingishing role of management [B] the revival of the banking syestem [C] the bank' s long-term asset lossers [D] the weakening og its indepentdence
38. According to Paragarph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB' s attempt to
[A] keep away from political influences [B] evade the pressure from their peers [C] act on their own in ruli-setting [D] take gradual measures in reform
39、The author thinks the banks were \"on the wrong planet\" in that they
[A] mis interpreted market price indicators [B] exaggerated the real value of their assets [C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts [D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets 40The author\" s attitude towards standard-setters is one of
[A] satisfaction [B] skepticism [C] objectiveness [D] sympathy Part B Directions:
For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs
from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)
[A] The first and more important is the consumer' s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2023. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year Europe compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.
Meanwhile as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative。
[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe' s largest markets are at a standstill, lesving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most 1eading retailers have alteady tried e-commerce, with limit success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big. profitable opportunity in their own backyard the wholesale food and drink trade, who ch appears to be just the kind of market retailers needo
[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drinkmarket?Definitely not.The functioning of the market is basrd on flexible Trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words it is
up to the buyer tather than the seller to decide what to buy. At any rate this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold。
[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the
competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but enerenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too。
[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources:independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as \"horeca\" : hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe' s retail wholesale market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trendso
[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible
for wholesalers to considerate。
[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gainso
41
42
43 f 44 f E f 45
Part C Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carfully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10
Points)
One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and , if its stability depends on its inteynity,they are entitled to continuance When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and if we happen to love it. We incert excuses to give it economic importance At the beginning pf century songbiras were supppsed to be disappearingo (46)Scinentists jumped to the resure with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect the insecets would est us up of brids failed to control them the
ecideuce had to be conbmic in order to be walido
It is pamful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ehtic yet。(47)but we have at least drawn near the point pf admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinisic right reardless of the presence pf absence of economic adcantage to us。
A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamaIs and fish-eating birds(48)Time was when biologosts somewhat over worded evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak or that they prey only on “worthless species\"。
Some species pf tree have been read out of the party by economici - minded fpresters they grow too slowty or have a sale vate to pay as imeber crops (49) In europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced , the ncommercial tree species are recognized ad members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reasono
To sum up;a system of conservation based solely on econominc self-interest is hopelesstly lopsided(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic patso
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
You are supposed to write association a notice to recruit
for
the
postgraduate
for
an
volunteers
international conference on globalization, you should conclude
the basic qualification of
applicant and the other information you think relative。
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end ofthe letter. Usezzpostgraduate association” insteado
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following deawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) ecplain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your commentso
You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2. (20 points)
2023年考研英语完整版详解
Section I Use of English 1. A
解析：A项affect意思是“影响，感动” ；B项achieve 意思是“达成，完成” ；C项
extract意思是“提取，榨出”；D
项
restore
是“复原，重建”.这句话的意思是：他们想通过试 验探究车间照明是如何影响工人
的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2. B
解析：本题考查了固定短语end up的用法，end up意思 是“最终成为……”，end和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故 选Bo
3. C
解析：本句的大意为：探讨最终总结为一个极具影响力的概 念一 “霍桑效应”，也正是试验
所探讨的行为变更了工人们的表 现。所以这里应选择C。
4. B
解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的留 意是因为工厂女工的行为令人
费解。四个选项中perplexing意 为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。
5. C
解析：本句的含义是：依据探讨描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗 时，工人的时产量就会提高。
四个选项中有描述含义的是C项 accountSo
6. B
解析：这句话的意思是：试验中做什么并不重要。Do not matter固定表达，故选B。
7.D
解析：考查so long as短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思 是：只要有变更，生产率就会
上升。
8. A
解析：A项
awareness意思是“意识”，B项expectation 意为“期望”，C
项
sentiment意为“”观点，看法，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己
本身是被探讨对象- 这一意识就足以变更他们的行为。所以选A。
9. C
解析：见第8题解析。
10. D
解析：见第8题解析。
11. C
解析：be subjected to表示“听从于，及 .......................................... 一样为
固定短语。
12. A
解析：contrary to表示“及…相反\"。依据语境提示，空 白处须要填写一个能表示转
折意味的链接词。
13. A
解析：只有evidence 一词可及found呼应，表示“发觉或 找到证据”。
14. D
misleading \"欺瞒性，误导性的”，意思上来看，符合语境 所表达的意思。 15. B
解析：for example及上句呼应，举例说明问题。
16. A
解析：duly表示“准时地，在同一个时间地”，填入句中后 意思表达更精确。
17. D
解析：及前句duly rose呼应，递进说明问题，故应选 continue0
18. C
解析：此句意思及上句相反，说明另一种状况，故应运用转 折词buto
19. B
解析：tend to do \"倾向于做某事”，说明一种常规的事实。
20. D
解析：hit能及a plateau搭配，意为“到达高地，触及顶 点”，句意才符合语境。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Text 1 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. B Text 2 26. C
解析：细微环节题。题干问及商业专利方法在最近引起关注 的缘由是是什么，解答本题应
定位二段首句并结合一段的主旨要 义。二段首句指出“国家最高专利法庭打算对商业方法专利进
行 缩减，这引起了 了争议。”一段主要提及在过去10年商业方法授 予了成千上万的专利。由此可见，选项C是对原文的同义置换故 为正确答案。
27. B
解析：推理推断题。文章在二段提及Bilski case,在四段 提及对Bilski case的
结论性说明，在四段中针对Bilski case, 联邦机构发表了不同寻常的法令，而四段末句提到该法令引起对 \"state street Bank ruling”的是否重新考虑，由此可知B为 正确答案。
28. C
解析：词汇短语题。含有该词的句子起到承前启后作用，解 答本题应结合二段主旨及三段
because后的句意来解题，二段提 及“国家最高专利法庭打算对商业方法专利进行缩减”，而三
段 提及 introduced such patents…，approving a patent…，由 此可知，宣称对商业方法的限制将会有巨大的看法转变，故C正 确。
29. B
解析：推论题。结合倒数二段二句及末段首句可知B符合文 意。此题用解除法最为便利。
文章的最终两段未提到ACD的内容。 而 B 项的内容符合“that
too many patents
were being upheld”， 同时B选项的内容符合文章的中心。
30. D
解析：主旨题。文章首段提到“过去10年”，而二段首句转 到“Now”，文章的此脉络
结构可知“ A prevailing tread\"可 统领文意，此外文章二至四段，主要谈及联邦巡讲对
**business-method patents”的立场变更，故D为正确答案。
Text 3 31. B
解析：细微环节题。文章提到Tipping Point真本书描述社 会流行风潮是由一小部分
名人引起的，然而，笔锋一转在首段末 又说 \"it
doesn' t explain how ideas
actually spread\"。进 而引出作者对名人传播想法功能的探讨。由此B选项正确。而A、 C、D均不是作者要探讨的问题。
32. D
解析：细微环节题。文章其次段首句“the supposed-- plausible sounding
but largely untested theoryo .\"以及 末句 \"・・・only certain special people can drive trends充 分说明这种理论证据不够足够。而D选项正确的反应了文
中的内 容。
33. A
解析：依据题干，线索大致定位到第三段，但是第三段并没 有清楚的找到题解，而接下来
的第四段清楚的反应出了社会互动 所产生的巨大影响这一内容。A选项充分的表明白这一点。
34. C
解析：依据题干，线索定位到第四段。同过分析这个短语所 在的句子，“For a social
epidemic…；just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with・・・\" 此句主要表明人们是如何被别人影响进而
又去影响别人的。而C 选项恰是对这一点的正确表述。
35. C
解析：细微环节题。依据题干，线索定位到最终一段，从“… relating
of
populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to
people' s ability to influence others and their tendency to be…”
这句话中能够得知社会影响动力 因素包括人们影响别人的实力包括被别人影响的倾向性。而C选 项充分的体现了这一点。
Text 4 36. A
解析：细微环节题。答案意为“遵循不利的资产评估准则”。 由题干中的\"Bankers
complained”和\"force”定位于 第一■段第三行 “Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it' s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetcho ” 该句核心词为 rules, 四个答案中只有A选项包
含。
37. A
解析：推理引申题。答案意为“管理的作用的渐渐消逝二 依据题干中的专出名词FASB定
位于第三段。第一句提到
FASB
经 过努力使国会通过了一些变革，这些变革给予了银行更多的
权 利，也就是说对银行的管理更为松散，所以答案为“管理的作用 的渐渐消逝”。
38. C
解析：细微环节题。答案意为“独立自主的制定法规气依 据题干中的\"McCreevy
objects to”定位到第五段。第五段提 到马上依据美国的变更做出一样的反应，欧洲的各界
人士对此的 反对非常剧烈，引用McCreevy的话是为了说明这一点：欧洲要 对这个问题有自己独立的法律法规。
39. C
解析：句意题。答案意为“忽视了坏账存在的极大可能性”。
依据题干的信息定位到第六段Today they argue that market prices overstate
losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debtSo批判银行一味的夸大\"that market prices overstate losses”,而忽视了 “the likely extent of bad debts\"。
40. D
解析：情感看法题。文章探讨了银行针对 “standard-setters”的敌意行为，特
殊是文章最终一段更是明 确的表明白作者对“standard-setters”的怜悯。
Part B
41. B
解析：本题须要找出文章的首段，可用解除法做。首先A选 项中提到 ^the first and
more important中的 \"more” 应 当在前文中提到，故解除。B选项首句就提出了欧洲食
品零售所 面临的问题，依据文章结构法：提出问题一分析问题一解决问题, 此段符合首段要求，即提出了文章的中心问题，而且本选项中也 没有明显的须要和上文连接的关系词，而其它选项都有明显的及 上文连接的信息词，不能在首段岀现，故B为正确答案。
42. F
解析：首段一旦确定，本段内容便可依据上文顺藤摸瓜，第 一段最终一句话“but”后
指出了虽然食品零售商面临着“at a standstill （几乎停止发展）”的问题，他们却忽视了一个潜在 的市场即他们身边的“wholesale food and trade （食品批发市 场）”。而
F
选项首句便举例说明法国、德国、意大利等国家的 食品批发产业的市场规模比食品零售产
业要大40%o而且在 “moreover”后又进一步说明批发的利润大零售许多。囚此可以 推断此
选项是对第一段的例证说明。其中“for example\"是 明显的信息提示词。
43. D
解析：上段介绍了食品批发商的优势，而
D选项第一句“All in all, this
clearly seems to be a market in which・・・\" 贝ij 对上文的内容进行总
结，其中all in all是较明显的信息提示 词，即上文中提到的食品批发的优势推出这是明显对于“big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling是 一个“market”。因此D项为正确答案。
44. G
解析：上段最终一句提出的“particular abilities”以 及\"new skills and
unfamiliar business models are neededo\" 即零售商须要新的技能及不熟识的商
业模式。而G选项第一句提 到的“these requirements（这些要求）”正是指上文所提到的 技能。
45. A
解析：此题可以用解除法做，所剩下的选项只有A和C,须 要留意的是本题并没有明显的
信息词，所以须要阅读选项的内容 进而找出正确答案。此题前文的已知段落
E
选项中最终一句
“two opposing trends”在A选项中得到了体现，即一方面由于人们 选择在外就餐而
扩大了食品批发的需求，而另一方面人们又起先 感到\"anxious （焦虑）”。而C选项笫一句提到的\"such variations\"在上文中并没有得到体现，因此可以断定A为正确 答案。
Part C
46. Scinentists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly
shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。
解析：句子的主干是 “scientists jumped to the rescue with some
distinctly shaky evidence后接 that 引导的同 位语从句。If引导的条件状语从句
修饰that从句。to the effect that大意是，意思是；fail to未能；jump to马上，赶快the rescue营救，援救，解救。
参考译文：科学家们马上拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来 救驾，大致说的是假如鸟儿不
能限制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们 吃掉。
47. but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue survival as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us。
解析：句子主干we have drawn near the pointo介词短 语of admitting
that. 0 .作定语修饰pointo其中嵌套了 that 从句作admit的宾语从句。regardless of. o .作让步状语。a matter of ... o.的问题，大约;draw near 接近，靠近；intrinsic right天生的权利，固有的权利;economic advantage经济利益， 经济优
势。
参考译文：但是我们至少己经几乎承认了这样一种观点：不 管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，
生存都是它们的固有权利。
48. Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on **worthless specieso
解析：主干time was when. .. o when引导了表语从句。Time was when可
看作固定短语，译为“从前，曾经留意两个并列 同位语从句的翻译。
参考译文：曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据： 这些生物通过捕食弱小的动物
去维持生物链的正常运行，或它们 只是去捕食“没有价值的物种”。
49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。
解析：句子的主体是“the noncommercial tree species are recognized
as members of the native forest community 包含被动语态。句子开头是一个where引导的定语从句，to be preserved 是修饰 noncommercial tree species
的成分。Within reason合情合理的，理智的。留意被动语态的处理。
参考译文：欧洲的林业从生态上讲较为先进，它把没有成为 商业化对象的树种视为原始森
林群落的成员而适当地加以爱护。
50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioningo
解析：句子主干\"It tends to ignore many elements” ； 两个that从
句意思上转折，句法上为并列的定语从句，修饰the land communityo留意插入语、定语从句以及代词指代的处理。
参考译文：这一体系简单忽视并最终歼灭许多缺乏商业价值 的物种，然而这些物种对于整
个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要 的。
Section III Writing
51.小作文
以探讨生会的名义写一封通知，通知的内容是为全球一体化 的国际会议招募志愿者，这个
通知必需包aa括申请者的基本职 位要求及你认为相关的其他信息。写100个字左右，不要在通知 末尾写你自己的名字，用\"Postgraduates' Association”代替。
审题谋篇：
本次小作文考察“通知\"这一事务公文，“通知\"的目的在 于督促对方参与活动，详细来讲，
是招募志愿者。结构上，只需 写题目，正文，署名以刚好间即可。语言上，语言应直截了当， 简洁明白，可适当运用被动句表达。内容上，题目要求写招募职 位，以及相关信息。关于职位，可写涉及前台接待、会场指引、 乘车指引、英文翻译等服务的岗位。此外，还可以对志愿者提出 要求，志愿者应当工作仔细负责、主动主动，具有团队合作精神 的，另外还须要沟通实力强，具有较好的英语口语和听力水同等。 其他相关信息，可以提及会议时间，地点，将怎样支配志愿者等。
参考范文一：
Notice
Volunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration are wanted. Anyone who is in good command of English and experienced in cross-cultural communication are expected to take part in this activity. The major task for this position are as fol lows: to begin with, to propaganda the theme of globalization to people all over the world; in addition, to provide E~C interpretation service to those representatives of the international conference, aiming at facilitating the process of the meeting; at last, you should be strictly available according to the time schedule of the conference. Those who are
interested in this post are cordially welcome!
Postgraduates' Association
参考范文二：
Notice
The International Conference of Global Integration will be held on September 23 at China Institute of International Studies, and twenty volunteers are wanted among the students in our school0
The positions recruited include receptionist, conference
guider, transportation guider and English interpreter, and the volunteers are requested to speak fluent English and are expected to be active, open-minded and conscientious. All the volunteers will be trained for 5 days before the conference and provided with free transportation and mealo
For those who are interested in taking part in the activity, please send your resume to the email address: before September 1.
Postgraduates, Association
参考范文三：
Announcement
PostgraduatesJ Association is recently looking for Volunteers for the International Conference of Global Integration. Applicants should be currently studying at the university, and should preferably have the experience of being a part-time volunteer in
several international eventso
The successful applicant will be expected to propaganda the
theme of globalization in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. Fair pay for the position is available and will be based on your experience。
If you are interested, please send your resume to the following email: before September 1st。
PostgraduatesJ Association 52.大作文 Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments on the phenomenono
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20points)
2023年考研英语一试题大作文配图
审题谋篇：
本题为图画作文，图片上是一个热气腾腾的火锅，里面 包括着诸如“儒学”，“解构”，
“人本”，“莎士比亚”，“功夫”等 中西文化标记词。下面有一行注释。在审题构思时应当留意：把 握好这幅图的象征寓意。火锅中包含着各种各样的文化元素，代 表了不同文化的和谐融合，民族的文化可以成为世界的，这一趋 势对人类发展是有利的。由此可见，本次作文的主题是文化融合。
提纲包括两点，一是描述图片并说明含义，二是对此现 象作出评论。文章也可分为三
段，第一段：描述图画，描述图片 中的各类文化元素。可能用到的词汇是literature,（文学）
moral values （道德价值）performing arts （表演艺术）等。
其次段：阐释图片含义。最好在段首设置主题句，然后 围绕主题句绽开。本图片中所显示的文化沟通反映了两方而的状 况，中国文化对世界文化的渗透，中国的腾飞无疑使中国文化这 颗世界文化中的珍宝更加刺眼。另一方面，中国文化也渐渐受到 其他国家文化的影响。
第三段：对此现象做出评论。此评论部分可以提出建议， 考虑背景及缘由，或描述将
来，预料将来，也可以讲世界文化融 合、沟通是时代的潮流，同时还要保持和振兴各族文化。
参考范文：
The enlightening picture portrays that a hot pot, with
numerous ingredients in it, includes such domestic and alien cultures as literature, moral values and performing arts. It seems that the hot pot tastes very delicious because of the rich nutrition of the multi-cultures。
Obviously, the picture characterizes the status quo of
Chinese society in which Chinese and Western culture conflict with each other but also merge into a unique form to a certain degree. Since China has opened its door widely to the outside world, many people from different countries have been deeply fascinated by Chinese culture. They will accept and love the Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be well shared with foreign people, who have shown their enthusiasm towards China. Meanwhile, the Chinese people are also exposed to foreign cultures when more foreign people come to this oriental country. In this way people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire better understanding of each other and live peacefully in this worldo
In my opinion, the culture of any nation is a kind of
precious heritage, and belongs to the whole mankind. With economic
globalization, the blending of different cultures has become inevitable trend of the time. No country is an isolated island, be it China or the western world. The clearer we grasp the current situation, the more it would be beneficial to the global villagerso
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