专业英语四级阅读理解201403

第一节：专四考试整体介绍 考试流程：  8:15 入场

 8:30 —— 9:05 听力（8:50收主观答题卷A）  9:05 —— 9:20 完形填空  9:20 —— 9:35 语法词汇

 9:35 —— 10:00 阅读理解（10:00收客观答题卷B）  10:00 —— 10:45 作文（10:45收卷） 1 2 听写 对话 短文 新闻 3 4 5 6 完型 语法词汇 阅读 作文 便条 1 10 10 10 20 30 20 15% 5% 5% 5% 10% 15% 20% 15% 10% 15m 5m 5m 5m 15m 15m 25m 35m 10m 130m

注意事项： ·考试过程中会有两次收卷时间，这就决定不能调整考试顺序。 ·每项题型做题时间不可调整 ·三大难点：1、速度。《考纲》25分钟完成四篇文章，总字数1800——2000，6分钟时间完成一篇文章，以速度考查为第一要素。类似大学所学的泛读课，而不是精读课。2、词汇。《考纲》要求认知词汇5500——6500，正确熟练运用其中的3000——4000及基本搭配。例：cardiovascular 、industry 、discipline 、date 、square。所以专四考试不是考查难词而是考查一些熟词僻义。3、语法。倒装、否定、从句、长难句等。

应对策略： 《大纲解析》： ·回避专业话题，生活话题为主导、一般不过多考查热点：议论文为主、记叙文为辅。通常是三篇议论文、一篇记叙文。 ·文章一般选自国外期刊杂志，如Time、Economist、Newsweek、USA Today等。考官出题思维为直线模式。

第二节：应试指导 一、 区域解题法：

（一）第一步：宏观阅读（读题） 1、概括中心。 2、确定题型：

·细节题： 事实信息题 （为主）

是非判断题

·主旨题：main idea\\best title 1

·态度题：attitude\one ·语义题：” ”\\第几行

3、选定关键词：特殊的大写、数字、年代、时间或者连字符的单词，没有就看有没有特殊的主语、谓语、宾语。

（二）第二步：微观阅读 1、扫读文章、寻找定位点 2、依次而下判定出题区域

（三）三大解题原则：

·依次而下解题原则：五道题目一般都符合行文顺序。 ·区域概念原则：五道题目之间一般不出现交集。 ·本本主义原则：答案出自原文，常为原文改写。

例题解析：

2002年 text C

How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.

Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.

What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.

There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.

Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.

At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!

72. The author thinks that people are ______. [A] satisfied with their appearance

[B] concerned about appearance in old age [C] far from neglecting what is in fashion [D] reluctant to follow the trends in fashion

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解析：答案选C。选项A、B可最先排除，难点在于C的far from，翻译为远非是，等于not。本题否定考点在few，常见的否定考点还有：hardly、rarely、barely、scarcely、seldom等。

73. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to______. [A] confidence in life [B] personal dress [C] individual hair style [D] personal future

解析：答案选A。定位方法在于，主要阅读定位点所在的本局及后句，没有则再寻找定位点前句或后后句。

74. Causes of fashions are ______. [A] uniform [B] varied [C] unknown [D] inexplicable. 解析：答案选B。A一致的，B多样的，C未知的，D无法解释的。定位为第三段第一句。

75. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes______. [A] uniformity [B] formality [C] informality [D] individuality

解析：答案选D。A一致的，B正式的，C非正式的，D个性的。定位在第五段第一句。

76. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph? [A] Care about appearance in formal situations. [B] Fashion in formal and informal situations. [C] Ignoring appearance in informal situations. [D] Ignoring appearance in all situations.

解析：答案选A。C、D的ignoring错误，故排除。本题为段落主旨题，A项符合原文。

核心词汇： ·few：很少

·ignore：忽视，等于overlook、neglect ·depression：经济萧条 ·distinguished：知名、著名 ·far from：远非是

句子解析： · The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure

to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. 解析：分析句子是要先看是否有“：”、“；”等来分割句子的符号，第二步再看有没有并列连词and\\but，断句连词等，在这些地方断开句子，第三步看有没有从属连词。所以上句应在and和in case两处断开，并分别进行翻译。

· It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater;

and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club.

解析：现在分号处断句，前一句是说“在去法律公司面试时穿牛仔或毛衣将会很愚蠢”，后面再从as if分开，是说“如果穿的像去沙滩或者夜店一样的去拜访一些知名的教授将会非常的傻”。

2005年 text C

Why do you listen to music? If you should put this question to a number of people, you might receive answers like these: “I like the beat of music,” “I look for attractive tunefulness,” “I am moved by the sound of choral singing,” “I listen to music for many reasons but I could not begin to describe them to you clearly.” Answers to this question would be

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many and diverse, yet almost no one would reply, “Music means nothing to me.” To most of us, music means something; it evokes some response. We obtain some satisfaction in listening to music.

For many, the enjoyment of music does not remain at a standstill. We feel that we can get more satisfaction from the musical experience. We want to make closer contact with music in order to learn more of its nature; thus we can range more broadly and freely in the areas of musical style, form, and expression. This book explores ways of achieving these objectives. It deals, of course, with the techniques of music, but only in order to show how technique is directed toward expressive aims in music and toward the listener’s musical experience. In this way, we may get an idea of the composer’s intentions, for indeed, the composer uses every musical device for its power to communicate and for its contribution to the musical experience.

Although everyone hears music differently, there is a common ground from which all musical experiences grow. That source is sound itself. Sound is the raw material of music. It makes up the body and substance of all musical activity. It is the point of departure in the musical experience.

The kinds of sound that can be used for musical purposes are amazingly varied. Throughout the cultures of the world, East and West, a virtually limitless array of sounds has been employed in the service of musical expression. Listen to Oriental theatre music, then to an excerpt from a Wagner work: these two are worlds apart in their qualities of sound as well as in almost every other feature, yet each says something of importance to some listeners. Each can stir a listener and evoke a response in him. All music, whether it is the pulsation of primitive tribal drums or the complex coordination of voices and instruments in an opera, has this feature: it is based upon the power of sound to stir our senses and feelings.

Yet sound alone is not music. Something has to happen to the sound. It must move forward in time. Everything that takes place musically involves the movement of sound. If we hear a series of drumbeats, we receive an impression of movement from one stroke to the next. When sounds follow each other in a pattern of melody, we receive an impression of movement from one tone to the next. All music moves; and because it moves, it is associated with a fundamental truth of existence and experience. We are stirred by impressions of movement because our very lives are constantly in movement. Breathing, the action of the pulse, growth, decay, the change of day and night, as well as the constant flow of physical action — these all testify to the fundamental role that movement plays in our lives. Music appeals to our desire and our need for movement.

90. The author indicates at the beginning of the passage that ______. [A] people listen to music for similar reasons [B] reasons for listening to music are varied [C] some people don’t understand music at all [D] purposes for listening to music can be specified

解析：答案选B。定位在文章第一段，varied符合题意。

91. We can infer from the second paragraph that the book from which this excerpt is taken is mainly meant for _____.

[A] listeners [B] composers [C] musicians [D] directors 解析：答案选A。题目中有两个判断从句的万能公式：一是如果平时见到了一个关系词+动词+动词，那一定是在第二个动词之前结束。二是动词+关系词+动词，则是从关系词到句子结尾结束。定位于第二段，A听众、B作曲家、C音乐家、D导演、指挥。

92. According to the passage, enjoying music is not an end in itself because people hope to ______through listening.

[A] learn more musical devices [B] know more about composers [C] communicate more effectively [D] understand music better

解析：答案选D。定位于第二段，A学习更多乐器、B更多的了解作曲家的事情、C更好的去交流、D更好

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的理解音乐。

93. What is the common ground for musical experience to develop? [A] Material. [B] Listening. [C] Sound. [D] Activity.

解析：答案选C。定位于第三段。

94. The importance of movement in music is explained by comparing it to______. [A] a pattern of melody [B] a series of drumbeats [C] physical movement [D] existence and experience

解析：答案选C。定位于最后一段。当定位宽泛的时候，需要寻找出题点，先看破折号前后。

句子解析： · In this way, we may get an idea of the composer’s intentions, for indeed, the composer uses

every musical device for its power to communicate and for its contribution to the musical experience. 解析：for后面接句子，表因为，可在此处断句，而后面一句从and断开前后是两个介词短语。 · All music, whether it is the pulsation of primitive tribal drums or the complex coordination

of voices and instruments in an opera, has this feature: it is based upon the power of sound to stir our senses and feelings.

解析：首先从冒号处分开两部分，前半部分从逗号开始为插入语，起补充说明作用，可有可无，可以简化为逗号两端的意思。插入语一般是名，X，动；或者连，X，名这两种结构。

二、 特殊语言现象：（出题点位置）

1、 排序处。First of all/in the beginning/to begin with/firstly/moreover/what`s more/more

importantly/in addition/at last/in the end/last but not the least/eventually。 1) 段首出现排序词，只需读懂各段的首句。 2) 段中出现排序词，那整段都需要读懂。 3) “首先”通常是不出现的。

例：Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grandchildless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children. They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if they`re loaded with works. In addition, some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchild`s birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infant`s birth, but extras, too, like a vacation.

According to the passage, some couples may choose to have children because_______. A. They find it hard to resist the carrot-and-stick approach of their parents. B. They have learn from other parents about the joys having children. C. They feel more and more lonely ad they grow older. D. They have found it irrational to remain childless

答案选A。

2、 特殊标点：“：”“——”均具有总结说明的作用。但一个破折号表示总结说明，两个表

示插入语。

例：Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry. From the passage we know that________. A. A little worry will do us good if handled properly.

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B. C. D.

A little worry will enable us to survive a recession. Fear strengthens the human desire to survive danger. Fear helps people to anticipate certain future events.

例：Etzioni is still teaching the sociology of right and wrong and still calling for ethical business leadership. “People with poor motives will always exist. ” he says. ”sometimes environments give those people opportunity.” Etzioni says the booming economy of the last decade enabled these individuals with poor motives to get rich before getting in trouble. His hope now: that the cries for reform will provide more fertile soil for his long-standing messages about business ethics. We learn form the last paragraph that_______. A. The calls for reform will help promote business ethics. B. Businessmen with poor motives will gain the upper hand. C. Business ethics courses should be taught in all business schools. D. Reform in business management contributes to economic growth. 答案选A。 3、 转折（强对比）。But/however/yet/on the contrary/by contrast/on the other hand

例：We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own. But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don`t forever remain marginalized within these shores.

What should be done to help the new immigrants? A. Rid them of their inferiority complex. B. Urge them to adopt American customs. C. Prevent them from being marginalized. D. Teach them standard American English. 答案选C。 4、 句首特殊副词：unfortunately/ironically。这两个词有暗含的转折之意。

例：Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions. What has affluence brought to American society? A. Renewed economic security. B. A sense of self-fulfillment. C. New conflicts and complaints. D. Misery and anti-social behavior.

答案选C。

三、

作业讲评：

2008年TEXT D

Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.

Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of failing in the most public of ways.

While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some

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very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.

In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself.

Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.

Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you’ve been cheated.

Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana’s funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers.

But, being yourself doesn’t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.

I remember going to see British psychiatrist R.D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.

The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of “flow”, as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.

95. Women hate public speaking most mainly because of A. their upbringing very early on.

B. their inability to appeal to the audience. C. their sense of greater public pressure. D. their sense of greater humiliation.

解析：答案选C。定位在第一段，由于问原因所以要回原文找因果关系词，B、D为无联系的干扰项，C项符合题意。

96. “This” in Paragraph two refers to A. insecurity.

B. sense of failure. C. public speaking. D. pressure.

解析：答案选C。定位在第二段，this是指示代词，指代的是前面原本出现的，但是其指代的是单数，所以排除A，所以只能选C。it/the/this/that/these/those等指示代词一要看前面，二是原本出现不会改动，三是要看单复数。

97. Which of the following is NOT the author’s viewpoint? A. Acting like performers spoils the message in a speech.

B. Perfection of scripts is necessary in making good impressions. C. Acting naturally means less dependence on the prepared script.

D. there should be a balance between actual acting and acting naturally.

解析：答案选B。是非判断题，放在最后做。答案出现在第五段，找到scripted，通读此句，可知选B。

98. What is the author’s view on personality?

A. Personality is the key to success in public speaking. B. Extroverts are better public speakers.

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C. introverts have to learn harder to be good speakers.

D. Factors other than personality ensure better performance.

解析：答案选D。定位在第四段，A、B、C都不符合原文。

99. The author implies that while speaking R.D. Laing A. was both too casual and authentic. B. was acting like a performer. C. was keeping a good balance. D. was aware of his audience.

解析：答案选B。定位在倒数第二段，A、C可先行排除，acting like a performer对应文中exhibit，所以选B。

100. In the last paragraph the author recommends that A. you forget about your nervousness. B. you feel natural and speak naturally.

C. you may feel nervous, but appear naturally. D. you may imagine yourself to be natural.

解析：答案选C。定位在最后一段，appear对应文中信息，一般选项中出现转折这种较为委婉的表达都是正确的。

第三节：细节题 一、是非判断题：

1、出题方式：主要讲第一种，放在最后再做。第二种是实质上的细节题，可以在文章中找到xxxxx就可以做了。 ·Which of the following is not true?

Which of the following is true except___? Which of the following is incorrect?

·Which of the following is not true about xxxxx? 2、解题方法：

·注意：答案一般出自没有设置过题目的段落

1) 对比选项：选项中出现对比选项，答案一般在其中。 2) 错误特征：

1. 绝对词：all / only / never 2. 比较级与最高级 3. 违背常理

3) 定位解题：寻找选项定位词，进行一一寻找。 例：

2006年TEXT B

Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal — or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social class — whether a person is “working-class” or “middle-class” — are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.

In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers’ jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her “housekeeping”, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.

The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was — and still is — inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a top priority, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in

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very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.

Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws to improve job security, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about “tomorrow”. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.

The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups.

86. Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past? ［A］ Life style and occupation. ［B］ Attitude and income. ［C］ Income and job security. ［D］ Job security and hobbies.

解析：答案选C。定位在第二段第三行，找到As a result of, 另外Due to / thanks to / owing to等也都表因果。

87. The writer seems to suggest that the description of ___________ is closer to truth. ［A］ middle-class ways of spending money

［B］ working-class ways of spending the weekend ［C］ working-class drinking habits ［D］ middle-class attitudes

解析：答案选A。定位在第三段。

88. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the middle-class? ［A］ Desiring for security. ［B］ Making long-term plans. ［C］ Having priorities in life. ［D］ Saving money.

解析：答案选D。定位在第三段，A期待安全感，B制定长期计划，C生活中有优先权，D攒钱，D没有提到过。

89. Working-class people’s sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors EXCEPT ___________. ［A］ better social security ［B］ more job opportunities ［C］ higher living standard ［D］ better legal protection 解析：答案选B。定位于第四段，没有提到要提供更多的工作机会。

90. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

［A］ Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.

［B］ The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing. ［C］ Differences in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear. ［D］ Middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people. 解析：答案选A。是非判断题。

强调——倒装：

·全部倒装：the old man lives in the city center. —— in the city center lives the old man. ·部分倒装（助动词提到主语前面）：

1. 否定词在句首：few / little / hardly 或者 介词+not+名词 这两种放在句首都需要部分倒装。I never smoke.

—— never do I smoke.

2. Only引导状语在句首：only with you can I feel happy.

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3. So + 助动词 + 主语

二、作业讲评：

2004年TEXT B

Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $ 3,000,000’s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK $ 150 million a year, and represents about 4 per cent of the shops’ total stock. As a result of this “shrinkage” as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.

Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can’t help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two-way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.

The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.

The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.

In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in ship-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years’ time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!

70. Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?

[A] There is a “shrinkage” in market values. [B] Many goods are not available. [C] Goods in many shops lack variety. [D] There are many cases of shop-lifting. 解析：答案选D。定位在第一段的最后一句话，As a result of对应着选项的Why。

71. The third group of people steal things because they ________ [A] are mentally ill. [B] are quite absent-minded. [C] can not resist the temptation. [D] can not afford to pay for goods. 解析：答案选C。定位在第四段，看第一句前半句。

72. According to the passage, law-abiding citizens ________. [A] can possibly steal things because of their poverty [B] can possibly take away goods without paying [C] have never stolen goods from the supermarkets [D] are difficult to be caught when they steal things

解析：答案选B。定位到第四段第一句的后半句，因为题目之间没有交集，各看一半即可。扩充知识点：名词+动词构词时应该加-ing还是-ed？如果是主动语态反而用-ed，如果是被动语态反而用-ing。

73. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?

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[A] A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionals. [B] The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught. [C] People would expect that those who can’t help themselves are poor. [D] The professionals don’t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives. 解析：答案选A。是非判断题。

74. The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that ________. [A] “the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the stores” [B] some people “simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops” [C] “the honest public has to pay higher prices” [D] the third type of shop-lifters are dangerous people

解析：答案选C。定位在文章倒数第五行。

强调——否定：

·否定转移（书面中较为常见）：

I don`t think you are right. 我认为你不对。

I don`t trust you because you are honest.我相信你不是因为你诚实。

第四节：语义题

（一） 结构题：老外的写作特点为总分，全文首句为主题句，各段首句为中心句，后面的句子是对中心句的解

释。

（二） 语义题（猜词题）

1、出题形式：只考句意题，即熟悉的单词在这篇文章的具体语境下是什么内容。 2、解题方法：不可利用前后缀，而应该利用上下文的逻辑关系推测词义。 1) 返回原文，找出所猜词汇的出现地方。 2) 寻找逻辑关系词。

3) 并列关系:and/or/——/没有任何逻辑连接词为并列关系，不论褒贬还是内容，都是保持一致的；转

折关系：but/however为转折关系，褒贬相反，内容一致。

例：

1. War is not simply a trial by combat to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes

its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment, allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community`s deepest religious and ethical commitments The word “allegiance” is closest in meaning to _____. A. Loyalty B. objective C. survival D. motive 答案选A。

2. Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds’

half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg.” He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.

By “just the tip of iceberg”, Siegel suggests that_____. A. Half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather. B. The mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being sleepers. C. Most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers.

D. Half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species. 答案选D。

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3. But nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the fish and wildlife service showed a

worrisome drop in the populations of several species of north Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds.

What does the author mean by “nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness”? A. Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles. B. Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.

C. The course of nature will not be changed by human interference. D. The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection. 答案选D。

4. But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephone and

privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. The word “hassles” in the passage probably means____. A. Quarrels B. worries C. disadvantages D. agreements 答案选A。

例：

2007年TEXT D

The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these mornings. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.

These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be “self care”.

Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.

The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out.

“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realities of family life,”says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.

Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable.＂School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”

His is not popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?

It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids’ lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn’t produce a well-educated child, learning takes time and more learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.

The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition. And surely from kids. But the most important part of the conflict has been over the money.

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95. Which of the following is an opinion of the author’s?

[A] ＂The kids are hanging out.”

[B] ＂They are school children without school.” [C] ＂These kids are not old enough for jobs.”

[D] “The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.”

解析：答案选A。此题为结构题。

96. The current American school calendar was developed in the 19th century according to

[A] the growing season on nation’s form. [B] the labour demands of the industrial age. [C] teachers’ demands for more vacation time.

[D] parents’ demands for other experiences for their kids. 解析：答案选A。定位在第三段第二行。

97. The author thinks that the current school calendar

[A] is still valid. [B] is out of date.

[C] can not be revised. [D] can not be defended.

解析：答案选B。定位在第三段后半部分到第四段，A、C违反原意，B符合文意。

98. Why was Dr. Boy’s idea unpopular?

[A] He argues for the role of school in solving social problems. [B] He supports the current school calendar.

[C] He thinks that school year and family life should be considered separately. [D] He strongly believes in the educational role of school. 解析：答案选D。定位在五六两段，A、B、C与原文相反，只有D是Dr. Boy的观点。

99. “The long summers of forgetting take a toll” in the last paragraph but one means that

[A] long summer vacation slows down the progress go learning. [B] long summer vacation has been abandoned in Europe. [C] long summers result in less learning time. [D] long summers are a result of tradition. 解析：答案选C。语义题，读其与前面那句话的关系，没有连系词，所以是并列关系。

100. The main purpose of the passage is

[A] to describe how American children spend their summer. [B] to explain the needs of the modern working families. [C] to discuss the problems of the current school calendar.

[D] to persuade parents to stay at home to look after their kids. 解析：答案选C。主旨题。 阶段复习：

2009年TEXT A

Do you realize that every time you take a step, the bones in your hip are subjected to forces between four and five

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times your body weight? When you are running, this force is increased further still. What happens if through disease a hip-joint ceases to be able to resist such forces? For many years hip-joints and other body joints have been replaceable either partially or completely. It is after all a simple ball and socket joint; it has certain loads imposed on it; it needs reliability over a defined life; it must contain materials suitable for the working environment. Any engineer will

recognize these as characteristic of a typical engineering problem, which doctors and engineers have worked together to solve, in order to bring a fresh lease of life to people who would otherwise be disabled.

This typifies the way in which engineers work to help people and create a better quality of life. The fact that this country has the most efficient agricultural industry in the world is another good example. Mechanical engineers have worked with farmers and biologists to produce fertilizers, machinery and harvesting systems. This team effort has now produced crops uniformly waist high or less so that they are better suited to mechanical harvesting. Similar advances with other crops have released people from hard and boring jobs for more creative work, whilst machines harvest crops more efficiently with less waste. Providing more food for the rapidly increasing population is yet another role for the mechanical engineer.

81. According to the passage, when would most weight be imposed on hip-joints? A. When one is walking. B. When one is running. C. When one is standing. D. When one is lying down.

解析：答案选B。细节题，定位在第一段。

82. Engineers regard the replacement of hip-joints as a(n) ____ Problem. A. mechanical B. medical C. health D. agricultural

解析：答案选A。定位在第一段倒数第三行，冠词和名词中间应该为形容词，所以排除C，答案应该对应typical engineering problem，所以选A。

83. According to the passage, how do engineers contribute to increasing efficiency of the agricultural industry?

A. By working with farmers. B. By working in teams.

C. By growing crops of the same height. D. By making agricultural machinery.

解析：答案选D。细节题，定位在第二段的第二行，A、C首先排除，B项意指工程师自己内部团队工作，为概念偷换，所以是错误的。

84. According to the context, \"This team effort’\" in Paragraph Two refers to A. mechanical engineers. B. doctors and engineers.

C. biologists, doctors and farmers. D. farmers, biologists and engineers.

解析：答案选D。语义题。

第五节：主旨题

1、 出题形式：

1) 中心思想

·what is the passage mainly about? ·the passage mainly discusses_____.

·the main point the author makes in the passage is _____. ·the main/central/general idea of the passage is _____.

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2) 写作目的

·the writing purpose of the passage is _______. 3) 最佳标题

·which of the following is the best title for this text? ·the appropriate title of the passage is ____? 4) 其他提问方式

·which of the following best sums up/summarizes the passage?

2、 解题方法：

1) 以文首信息为主，如果第一段比较长最起码要读前三句，如果比较短，就通读整段。 2) 读四个选项，寻找概括的信息（切忌不可推导）。

3) 如果四个选项与文章开头信息不相关的情况下，看文章结尾（如果文章开头出过题，或者是个问句，

那就可以直接看文章结尾）。

3、 答案特点：

1) 抽象概括

2) 以文首信息为主 3) 涵盖文章3/4的内容 例：

2005年TEXT D

Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed:

1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.

Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls “gut feelings”. Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skin will detect sweat, a sign of anxiety, even though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.

Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be unaware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.

Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence: being able to shake off a bad mood.

2. Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance.

We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with that of other psychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.

Of all the moods that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway, your reflexive thought may be, That Jerk! He could have hit me! I can’t let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.

What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found that’s one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is “reframing”, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself:

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Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.

Going off alone to cool down is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you can’t think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive — a finding that inspired her to drive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, don’t waste the time pursuing your train of angry thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.

The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against bad moods. 95. What are gut feelings?

[A] They are feelings one is born with.

[B] They are feelings one may be unaware of. [C] They are feelings of fear and anxiety. [D] They are feelings felt by sensible people. 解析：答案选B。定位在第三段第一行，tune in to 关注到··上面去。

96. According to the author, the importance of knowing one’s gut feelings is that ______.

[A] one can develop them [B] one can call others’ attention to them [C] one may get rid of them [D] one may control them 解析：答案选D。细节题，定位在四五两段，要选择能够对应change them的选项，get rid of是摆脱，develop发展，control控制，所以选D。

97. The word “spice” in Paragraph Six is closest in meaning to ______.

[A] add interest to [B] lengthen

[C] make dull [D] bring into existence

解析：答案选A。猜词题，定位在第六段，根据并列结构可以知道spice为褒义，排除B、C，D是原意解释原意，所以选A。

98. On mood control, the author seems to suggest that we _______.

[A] can control the occurrence of mood

[B] are often unaware of what mood we are in [C] can determine the duration of mood [D] lack strategies for controlling moods

解析：答案选C。细节题，定位在第七段，C为我们可以决定情绪可以持续多长时间。

99. The essence of “reframing” is ______.

[A] to forget the unpleasant situation [B] to adopt a positive attitude [C] to protect oneself properly [D] to avoid road accidents 解析：答案选B。细节题，定位在倒数第三段。

知识点扩展：Essence作名词为本质，形容词essential为重要的，副词essentially是实际上的意义

100. What is the best title for the passage?

[A] What is emotional intelligence?

[B] How to develop emotional intelligence. [C] Strategies for getting rid of foul moods. [D] How to control one’s gut feelings. 解析：答案选B。主旨题。

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2006年TEXT A

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.

First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.

This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are”.

Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters” — those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice.

They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.

Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.

Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.

81. When people plan to meet nowadays, they ___________. ［A］ arrange the meeting place beforehand

［B］ postpone fixing the place till the last minute ［C］ seldom care about when and where to meet ［D］ still love to work out detailed meeting plans

解析：答案选B。细节题，定位在第三段第二三行，二十年前需要约见，可知A、D可以排除、而C和常识不太相符，所以选B。

82. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are mostly to be seen on ___________. ［A］ talkers ［B］ the “speakeasy” ［C］ the “spacemaker” ［D］ texters

解析：答案选D。细节题，定位在第四段第二行，可知答案在A、D之中，根据文意，手机给了发短信的一个能力去表达全新的自我，所以选D。

83. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are ___________.

［A］ quite revealing ［B］ well written ［C］ unacceptable by others ［D］ shocking to others

解析：答案选A。细节题，定位在第五段，A非常好的展示、B写的特美、C不能被很多人所接受、D对很多人来说是一种震惊。

扩展知识点：分词作定语，在定语从句中关系词充当主语的可以省略关系词，直接用分词作定语，省略关系词后，后面的动词要发生形式的变化，从句为主动语态则在动词后加-ing，是被动语态，则只保留过去分词。

84. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile? ［A］ Talkers. ［B］ The “speakeasy”.

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［C］ The “spacemaker”. ［D］ Texters.

解析：答案选C。细节题，定位在第六段，看两种人到底谁更怕被听，根据文意，选C 。

85. An appropriate title for the passage might be ___________.

［A］ The SMS Effect

［B］ Cultural Implications of Mobile Phone Use ［C］ Changes in the Use of the Mobile

［D］ Body Language and the Mobile Phone

解析：答案选B。主旨题，文首没出过题和问句，所以可以参考文首信息，可以排除A，因为不在文首，可以排除D，因为没有提到body language，C项是说手机使用的改变，可是文章说的是手机带来的改变，概念偷换所以可以排除C，选择B。

作业讲评：

2010年TEXT A

What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.

The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.

What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

He is a good observer accurate. patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.

He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.

Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.

These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts. 81. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through A. applied knowledge. B. more than one aspect. C. technology, only. D. the use of machines.

解析：答案选B。细节题，定位在第二段，A、C、D都说的一个方面，故排除。

82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?

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A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work. B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained. C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections. D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.

解析：答案选D。是非判断题，实际是特别明确的细节题，定位在第四段，direct one`s attention towards 等于 pay attention to 。选项D在文中没有被提及，所以错误。

83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would not A. easily believe in unchecked statements. B. easily criticize others' research work. C. always use his imagination in work. D. always use evidence from observation.

解析：答案选A。细节题，文章后半部分，定位宽泛需要寻找出题点，找到了排序词出现在段首，所以主要读5、6、7、8段的首句就可以。

84. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Application of technology. B. Progress in modem society.

C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting. D. How to become a successful scientist.

解析：答案选C。主旨题，文章首句为问句，可以直接看结尾，A、B为段中信息，故排除，D没有提及。

85. What is the author's attitude towards the topic? A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Biased. D. Unclear.

解析：答案选B。态度题，先排除C、D选项，由于是篇章态度题，所以定位在最后一段，根据文意选B。

第六节：态度题（以attitude、tone为标志） 1、态度题分类 ·区域态度题 ·篇章态度题 注意：

·如何区分：看towards后面是the topic则是篇章态度题，如果只是个单词，不是主题则是区域态度题。 ·态度题一般也要留到最后再做。 2、解题方法

·确定态度对象（towards）——阅读文章首尾段，对象出现则是篇章态度题，根据文章末端判断态度。对象如果未出现，则是一个区域态度题，根据话题所在位置判断态度。 3、答案形式

·选项为一个态度词汇：A. Positive B. Negative

·态度词汇前有程度副词修饰：A. strongly favorable

·词组的方式出现：A. In favor of B. doubtful about C. Strongly critical D. Mildly critical 4、常见态度词汇

·积极：positive/active/favorable/supportive/approving/optimistic/enthusiastic/humorous ·否定：negative/doubtful/hesitant/suspicious/skeptical/critical/scornful/ironic/sarcastic /pessimistic

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·中立：neutral/objective/impersonal

·必错：indifferent/depressed/biased/prejudice/vague/unclear 例：

2007年TEXT B

(1) Traveling through the country a couple of weeks ago on business, I was listening to the talk of the late UK writer Douglas Adams’ master work “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” on the radio and thought-I know, I’ll pick up the next hitchhikers I see and ask them what the state of real hitching is today in Britain.

(2) I drove and drove on main roads and side roads for the next few days and never saw a single one.

(3) When I was in my teens and 20s, hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport. The kindness or curiosity of strangers took me all over Europe, North America, Asia and southern Africa, Some of the lift-givers became friends, many provided hospitality on the road.

(4) Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane, but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night. Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture. It has books and songs about it .So what has happened to it?

(5) A few years ago, I was asked the same question about hitching in a column of a newspaper. Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking.

(6) Rural Ireland was recommended as f friendly place for hitching, as was Quebec, Canada “if you don’t mind being criticized for not speaking French”.

(7) But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in some places, the general feeling was that throughout much of the west it was doomed.

(8) With so much news about crime in the media, people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger. But do we need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?

(9) In Poland in the 1960s,according to a Polish woman who e-mail me ,“the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet. The booklet contained coupons for drivers, so each time a driver picked somebody ,he or she received a coupon. At the end of the season, drivers who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes. Everyone was hitchhiking then”.

(10) Surely this is a good idea for society. Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down barriers between strangers. It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels. It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography, history, politics and sociology.

(11)A century before Douglas Adams wrote his “Hitchhiker’s Guide”,another adventure story writer, Robert Louis Stevenson, gave us that what should be the hitchhiker’s motto: “To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.” What better time than putting a holiday weekend into practice. Either put it to the test yourself, or help out someone who is trying to travel hopefully with thumb outstretched.

84. In which paragraph(s) does the writer comment on his experience of hitchhiking?

[A] (3) [B] (4) [C] (3) and (4) [D] (4) and (5) 解析：答案选C。定位在3、4、5三段。

85. What is the current situation of hitchhiking?

[A] It’s popular in some parts of the world. [C] It’s popular in Poland.

[B] It’s popular throughout the west. [D] It’s still popular in Poland.

解析：答案选A。定位在6、7、8三段，按定位宽泛的方式做，看到第7段得but，此为解题关键。

86. What is the writer’s attitude towards the practice in Poland?

[A] Critical. [B] Unclear.

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[C] Somewhat favourable. [D] Strongly favourable.

解析：答案选D。定位在第9段，确定是区域态度题，B先排除。The practice in 态度、方式、方法的意思。根据文意，A是批判，C是中立，D是支持。

87. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPT

[A] promoting mutual respect between strangers [B] increasing one’s confidence in strangers [C] protecting environment [D] enrich one’s knowledge

解析：答案选B。定位在第10段，A、C、D都有所体现，只有B未提及。 88.“Either put it to the test yourself…”in Paragraph (11) means

[A] to experience the hopefulness [B] to read Adams’ book [C] to offer someone a lift [D] to be a hitchhiker

解析：答案选D。定位在最后一段，A、B为无关选项，C和or后面一样，所以选D。

第七节 议论文真题精讲

2005年TEXT B

Predicting the future is always risky. But it’s probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as America’s “Disney era”. Today, it’s certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely known, but neither encapsulates 20th century America in quite the same way as Disney.

The reasons for Disney’s success are quite a lot, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person — the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising — something his company still does brilliantly today.

But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films portrayed the “little guy”. He achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people.

Disney’s other great virtue was the fact that his company — unlike other big corporations — had a human face. His Hollywood studio — the public heard — operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first-name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons praise America, but, during World War, his studios made training films for American soldiers.

The reality, of course, was not so perfect. As the public would later learn, Disney’s patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he agreed to work for the FBI secretly, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were anti-government.

But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary people. In the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat.

By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was as famous as Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business

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people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public, he was “Uncle Walt” — the man who had entertained all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America.

86. Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPT ___________.

[A] painting [B] creativity [C] management [D] merchandising. 解析：答案选A。

87. According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disney’s patriotism?

[A] He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.

[B] He supported America’s war efforts in his own way. [C] He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations. [D] He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.

解析：答案选B。定位在第五段，但第五段没有相关信息，所以往上寻找，在第四段中有答案B，side with = agree with。

88. In the sixth paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that ___________.

[A] Disney was a creative and capable person. [B] Disney once agreed to work for the FBI.

[C] Disney ran his company in a democratic way. [D] Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people.

解析：答案选D。猜词题，定位在第六段，去掉插入语直接看首句，利用并列关系选择答案。

89. The writer’s attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described as

[A] sympathetic [B] objective [C] critical [D] skeptical.

解析：答案选B。定位在文章最后一段，篇章态度题，C、D先行排除，根据最后一段的态度可以选择初B。

2002年TEXT D

Massive changes in all of the world’s deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it’s one of London’s parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture.

That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders.

The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.

This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Cola or Budweiser as well.

The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US $ 125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $ 10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $ 100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching.

So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence

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on the flowing nature of the action.

Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a “World Tide” fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!

77. Globalization of sporting culture means that ______. [A] more people are taking up sports. [B] traditional sports are getting popular.

[C] many local sports are becoming international [D] foreigners are more interested in local sports

解析：答案选C。定位在第一段，阅读whether后面的内容可知。

78. Which of the following is NOT related to the massive changes? [A] Good economic returns. [B] Revival of sports [C] Communications technology. [D] Marketing strategies.

解析：答案选B。是非判断题，最后来做，在没有出过题的段落中寻找出题点，2、5两段是举例子，所以答案应在3、4两段，可知答案选B。

79. What is the author’s attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters? [A] Favourable. [B] Unclear. [C] Reserved. [D] Critical.

解析：答案选D。区域态度题，定位在倒数第二段，A、B先行排除，而C是人的性格特征，不是态度，所以选D。

80. People want to see higher-level sports competitions mainly because______. [A] they become more professional than ever. [B] they regard sports as consumer goods. [C] there exist few world-class championships [D] sports events are exciting and stimulating

解析：答案选B。定位在文章最后一段第二行，答案应与so前的内容保持一致。 扩展知识点：as，当as接单词时一般翻译为作为；as接句子时有四种翻译，因为、、虽然、当··时、就像。 TEXT C

Graduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, \"Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?\"

But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they've managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media report some of these speakers' wise remarks.

Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:

\"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward.\" (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University).

\"There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together.\" (Hillary Clinton, New York University).

\"This really is your moment. History is yours to bend.\" (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University).

Of course, the real \"get\" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. \"Remember that you are blessed,\" she told the class of 2009, \"Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Service is the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success'.\"

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Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond cliché and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Interact. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.

But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you really want to be lectured about the. big stuff?. Isn't that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to \"marriage is hard work\"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.

That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most \"memorable\" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it's one of the first lessons of growing up.

91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall ________ memories. A. great B. trivial

C. unforgettable

D. unimaginative

解析：答案选B。细节题，定位在第一段，先排除A、C，D是琐碎、不重要的意思，B是没有什么想象力的意思，常规的。

92. \"But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger\" is explained A. in the final paragraph.

B. in the last but one paragraph. C. in the first paragraph.

D. in the same paragraph. 解析：答案选D。定位在第二段。

93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPT A. death, B. success. C. service.

D. generosity.

解析：答案选D。是非判断题，可以采取将选项一一去寻找的办法，没出现的即为答案。

94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail to A. remain clear-headed. B. keep good manners.

C. remember others' words.

D. recollect specific details.

解析：答案选C。fail to 未能做某事··· D没有提及、A、B明显错误。

95. What is \"one of, the-first lessons-of growing-up\"? A. Attending a graduation ceremony. B. Listening to graduation speeches.

C. Forgetting details of memorable events. D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.

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解析：答案选C。定位在倒数第二段，可以根据it is 找it的指代，往前两句看，看到冒号后面即可。

2011年TEXT A

We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, What is responsible? The Interact, of course, and everything that comes with it - Facebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.

There's been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before - there are more and more readers, and more and more books.

The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.

As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.

On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long \"digests\" of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span - that we will be incapable of, reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.

In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.

In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.

81. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?

A. Paragraph One. B. Paragraph Two. C. Paragraph Three. D. Paragraph Four.

解析：答案选B。定位在前两段，第一段没有讲到历史性的挑战，故选B。

82. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT

A. imaginative design.

B. environmental friendliness. C. convenience for readers. D. multimodal content.

解析：答案选A。定位在第三段，同时可知81题只有A、B两个选项正确。B、C均提到过，故排除，看到第四段可知D也有所提及，故选A。

83. Which of the following can best describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?

A. Ironic.

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B. Worried. C. Sarcastic. D. Doubtful.

解析：答案选B。根据选项可以得知此题为区域态度题，定位在文章第五段，根据danger\\fear\\joking等词可知选B。

84. According to the passage, people need knowledge of modem technology and ________ to survive in the fast-changing society.

A. high sensitivity B. good judgment C. good imagination D. the ability to focus 解析：答案选B。定位在第六段，根据原文“in tune with modem technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.”可知答案选B。

85. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing. B. Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience. C. Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.

D. Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.

解析：答案选D。主旨题，文章第一段并没出过题，所以在首段找答案。B有段中信息故排除，文章只讲到reading，故A排除，文中没有提到阅读方式的多样化，故选D。

2012年TEXT A

Saying “thank you” is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign language．After all，we’re brought up to be polite，and it is important to make a good impression upon other people—especially across national divides．

So．what exactly are you supposed to say when “thank you” is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude？ According to a recent survey，19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of “thank you” in a poll of 3，000 people．

Pollsters found almost half of those asked preferred the more informal“cheers”，while others liked to use such expressions as “ta”，“ great“ and” nice one”．

So，just what is the appropriate form of words to express your thanks？

Fortunately， the clue is in the language itself．“Cheers”，despite its popularity，is considered an informal way to say thank you—and this is a definite clue as to when you can best use it．

For instance，when going for a drink with friends，a smile and a“cheers”by way of thanks is not only appropriate to the situation，it is also culturally accurate．

“Ta”，originated from the Danish word“tak”， was the second-most popular expression of thanks，and is also commonly used in informal situations，along with phrases such as“nice one”， and“brilliant”．Interestingly， one word that didn’t make it into the top 20 was“thanks”．Thank you’s shorter， more informal cousin．

“Thanks”can be useful，as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of “thank you” and the downright relaxed“cheers”．

Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight．Again，the words themselves offer the clue as to when best to use them．

For example，words like“awesome”，“brilliant“ and“you star” featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at both your pleasure at someone‘s action，as well as serving to express your thanks．If you are on the receiving end of

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a“new”thank you，you can respond with a simple“no problem”， or“sure”．

Of course，in certain circumstances，a simple wave，nod or smile may be appropriate．For instance，if a car driver slows down to let you cross the road，simply raising your hand in acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate the driver’s consideration．

Sometimes，formality is necessary， and“thank you”is still the best choice in such situations． But students should not worry about when exactly to use certain expressions．

Many people in Western countries are worried that good manners are in decline．People are

tired of seeing their acts of kindness and service pass without comment．So don’t think that your “thank you” was clumsy or awkwardly formal．The chances are，if you said “thank you”，you made someone’s day．You star．

81．We can tell from the results of the poll that

A．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays． B．“thank you” remains the best expression of gratitude． C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation．

D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones．

解析：答案选C。细节题，A中的unconcerned错误、B中的best错误、D中信息未提到。

82．Which word/phrase does NOT appear in the top 20？ A．Cheers． B．Thanks． C．Brilliant． D．You star．

解析：答案选B。是非判断题，定位在第七段，断尾有原文出现。

83．According to the passage．which is an appropriate response to “awesome” or “brilliant”？ A．Thanks． B．Cheers． C．Nice one． D．Sure．

解析：答案选D。细节题，定位在以For example开头这段。

84．According to the passage，the way in which we express our gratitude depends on all the following EXCEPT A．gender． B．formality． C．culture． D．circumstance．

解析：答案选B。是非判断题，A、性别 B、正式性 C、文化 D、环境，答案出自没有出过题目的段落，根据文章倒数三、四段的内容可知选B。

85．In the last paragraph the author encourages people to A．continue their acts of kindness． B．behave themselves well．

C．show their gratitude to others． D．stop worrying about bad manners．

解析：答案选A。定位在最后一段，根据文意，作者鼓励人们继续说谢谢这种善良的行为，故选A。 议论文复习：

第一步：读题（题型、关键词）

第二步：按依次而下的顺序扫读文章，确定文章范围。

第三步：有的题定位明确，有的题定位宽泛，则需要在宽泛的区域中寻找出题点（排序、特殊标点、转折、特殊副词在句首）

第四步：按不同题型运用不同方法，各方法见前。

第八节：记叙文讲解 一、 文章来源：

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·经典小说 ·期刊杂志故事

注意事项：解题方法不同于议论文，做题之前需要判断哪篇文章是记叙文。 标志一是里面出现大量对话，标志二是里面出现大量的第一人称。

二、 文章题材：生活故事+小说节选+人物传记 ·生活故事：生活点滴（积极）；社会问题（消极） ·小说节选：最具有代表性的段落 ·人物传记：励志性 三、 解题方法

1、 浏览题干：故事摘要（时间、地点、人物、事件） 2、 纵览全文：丰富故事 3、 解题

例：

2005年TEXT A

It was 1961 and was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn't know enough to really care. My older brother and I lived with Mom in a dingy multi-family house in Detroit. We watched TV every night. The background noise of our lives was gunfire and horses’ hoofs from “Wagon Train” or “Cheyenne”, and laughter from “I Love Lucy” or “Mister Ed”. After supper, we’d sprawl on Mom’s bed and stare for hours at the tube.

But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But she was much brighter and smarter than we boys knew at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned — books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write me a report on what you read.”

We moaned and complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “I’ll drive you to the library.”

So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her white 1950 Oldsmobile on their way to Detroit Public Library. I wandered reluctantly among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.

The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this verbal visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.

It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page.

Soon I began to look forward to visiting this hushed sanctuary from my other world. I moved from animals to plants, and then to rocks. Between the covers of all those books were whole worlds, and I was free to go anywhere in them. Along the way a funny thing happened: I started to know things. Teachers started to notice it too. I got to the point where I couldn’t wait to get home to my books.

Now my older brother is an engineer and I am chief of pediatric neurosurgery at John Hopkins Children’s Center in Baltimore. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.

But I know when the journey began — the day Mom snapped off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library.

81. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that___________.

[A] the author and his brother had done poorly in school

[B] the author had been very concerned about his school work

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[C] the author had spent much time watching TV after school [D] the author had realized how important schooling was

解析：答案选C。A、作者和他的哥哥在学校表现很差 B、作者关心学校的功课 C、作者花了很多时间看电视 D、作者觉得学校特别重要。结合文意选C。

82. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s family?

[A] He came from a middle-class family. [B] He came from a single-parent family. [C] His mother worked as a cleaner.

[D] His mother had received little education.

解析：答案选A。根据文意作者家庭贫穷，所以不可能是个中产阶级家庭，故选A。B没有提及，固不可擅自推断。

83. The mother was ___________ to make her two sons switch to reading books.

[A] hesitant [B] unprepared [C] reluctant [D] determined 解析：答案选D。

84. How did the two boys feel about going to the library at first?

[A] They were afraid. [B] They were reluctant. [C] They were indifferent. [D] They were eager to go 解析：答案选B。

85. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that___________.

[A] he began to see something in his mind [B] he could visualize what he read in his mind [C] he could go back to read the books again

[D] he realized that books offered him new experience

解析：答案选C。vision表示视野，故A、B相同含义，根据文意选择C。

2008年TEXT C

My heart sank when the man at the immigration counter gestured to the back room. I’m an American born and raised, and this was Miami, where I live, but they weren’t quite ready to let me in yet.

“Please wait in here, Ms Abujaber,” the immigration officer said. My husband, with his very American last name, accompanied me. He was getting used to this. The same thing had happened recently in Canada when I’d flown to Montreal to speak at a book event. That time they held me for 45 minutes. Today we were returning from a literary festival in Jamaica, and I was startled that I was being sent “in back” once again.

The officer behind the counter called me up and said, “Miss, your name looks like the name of someone who’s on our wanted list. We’re going to have to check you out with Washington.”

“How long will it take?”

“Hard to say……a few minutes,” he said. “we’ll call you when we’re ready for you.”

After an hour, Washington still hadn’t decided anything about me. “Isn’t this computerized?” I asked at the counter. “Can’t you just look me up?”

Just a few more minutes, they assured me.

After an hour and a half, I pulled my cell phone out to call the friends I was supposed to meet that evening. An officer rushed over. “No phones!” he said. “For all we know you could be calling a terrorist cell and giving them information.”

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“I’m just a university professor,” I said. My voice came out in a squeak.

“Of course you are. And we take people like you out of here in leg irons every day.” I put my phone away.

My husband and I were getting hungry and tired. Whole families had been brought into the waiting room, and the place was packed with excitable children, exhausted parents, even a flight attendant.

I wanted to scream, to jump on a chair and shout : “I’am an American citizen; a novelist; I probably teach English literature to your children.” Or would that all be counted against me?

After two hours in detention, I was approached by one of the officers. “You’re free to go,” he said. No explanation or apologies. For a moment, neither of us moved, we were still in shock. Then we leaped to our feet.

“Oh, one more thing.” He handed me a tattered photocopy with an address on it. “If you weren’t happy with your treatment, you can write to this agency.”

“Will they respond?” I asked.

“I don’t know- I don’t know of anyone who’s ever written to them before.” Then he added, “By the way, this will probably keep happening each time you travel internationally.”

“What can I do to keep it from happening again?”

He smiled the empty smile we’d seen all day. “Absolutely nothing.”

After telling several friends about our ordeal, probably the most frequent advice I’ve heard in response is to change my name. Twenty years ago, my own graduate school writing professor advised me to write under a pen name so that publishers wouldn’t stick me in what he called “the ethnic ghetto” – a separate, secondary shelf in the bookstore. But a name is an integral part of anyone’s personal and professional identity – just like the town you’re born in and the place where you’re raised.

Like my father, I’ll keep the name, but my airport experience has given me a whole new perspective on what diversity and tolerance are supposed to mean. I had no idea that being an American would ever be this hard.

90. The author was held at the airport because A. she and her husband returned from Jamaica. B. her name was similar to a terrorist’s. C. she had been held in Montreal. D. she had spoken at a book event. 解析：答案选B。A、因为她和她丈夫从Jamaica回来；B、因为她的名字类似于一个恐怖分子；C、她在蒙特利尔也被扣留过；D、因为她发表过一个言说。

91. She was not allowed to call her friends because A. her identity hadn’t been confirmed yet.

B. she had been held for only one hour and a half. C. there were other families in the waiting room. D. she couldn’t use her own cell phone. 解析：答案选A。A、她的身份还没有得以确认；B、因为才被扣留一个半小时；C、还有其他的家庭在等候室里；D、她不能用她的手机。

92. We learn from the passage that the author would _____ to prevent similar experience from happening again. A. write to the agency B. change her name C. avoid traveling abroad D. do nothing

解析：答案选D。A、会给这个机构写信；B、换名字；C、避免出国；D、什么也不会做。

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93. Her experiences indicate that there still exists _____ in the US. A. hatred

B. discrimination C. tolerance D. diversity

解析：答案选B。A、厌恶；B、歧视；C、容忍；D、多样性。

94. The author sounds _____ in the last paragraph. A. impatient B. bitter C. worried D. ironic

解析：答案选D。A、不耐心；B、痛苦；C、担心；D讽刺

2006年TEXT C

For several days I saw little of Mr. Rochester. In the morning he seemed much occupied with business, and in the afternoon gentlemen from the neighborhood called and sometimes stayed to dine with him. When his foot was well enough, he rode out a great deal.

During this time, all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, when he would sometimes pass me coldly, and sometimes bow and smile. His changes of manner did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with the cause of them.

One evening, several days later, I was invited to talk to Mr. Rochester after dinner. He was sitting in his armchair, and looked not quite so severe, and much less gloomy. There was a smile on his lips, and his eyes were bright, probably with wine. As I was looking at him, he suddenly turned, and asked me, “Do you think I’m handsome, Miss Eyre?”

The answer somehow slipped from my tongue before I realized it: “No, sir.”

“Ah, you really are unusual! You are a quiet, serious little person, but you can be almost rude.” “Sir, I’m sorry. I should have said that beauty doesn’t matter, or something like that.”

“No, you shouldn’t! I see, you criticize my appearance, and then you stab me in the back! You have honesty and feeling. There are not many girls like you. But perhaps I go too fast. Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.” I thought to myself that he might have too. He seemed to read my mind, and said quickly, “Yes, you’re right. I have plenty of faults. I went the wrong way when I was twenty-one, and have never found the right path again. I might have been very different. I might have been as good as you, and perhaps wiser. I am not a bad man, take my word for it, but I have done wrong. It wasn’t my character, but circumstances which were to blame. Why do I tell you all this? Because you’re the sort of person people tell their problems and secrets to, because you’re sympathetic and give them hope.”

It seemed he had quite a lot to talk to me. He didn’t seem to like to finish the talk quickly, as was the case for the first time.

“Don’t be afraid of me, Miss Eyre.” He continued. “You don’t relax or laugh very much, perhaps because of the effect Lowood school has had on you. But in time you will be more natural with me, and laugh, and speak freely. You’re like a bird in a cage. When you get out of the cage, you’ll fly very high. Good night.”

91. At the beginning Miss Eyre’s impressions of Mr. Rochester were all EXCEPT ___________.

［A］ busy ［B］ sociable ［C］ friendly ［D］ changeable 解析：答案选C。A、忙碌的；B、善于社交的；C、友好的；D善变的。

92. In “... and all my knowledge of him was limited to occasional meetings about the house, …” (the second paragraph),

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the word about means ___________. ［A］ around 解析：答案选A。

［B］ on

［C］ outside

［D］ concerning

93. Why did Mr. Rochester say “… and then you stab me in the back!” (the seventh paragraph)? ［A］ Because Jane had intended to kill him with a knife. ［B］ Because Jane had intended to be more critical. ［C］ Because Jane had regretted having talked to him.

［D］ Because Jane had said something else to correct herself.

解析：答案选D。A明显错误，B、因为简爱意图更加批判；C、因为简爱后悔和他说话；D、因为简爱说了一些更正了自己的话

94. From what Mr. Rochester told Miss Eyre, we can conclude that he wanted to ___________. ［A］ tell her all his troubles ［B］ tell her his life experience ［C］ change her opinion of him ［D］ change his circumstances

解析：答案选C。A、告诉简爱他的麻烦；B、告诉她他的生活经历；C改变简爱对他的看法；D改变环境

95. At the end of the passage, Mr. Rochester sounded ___________. ［A］ rude ［B］ cold ［C］ friendly ［D］ encouraging 解析：答案选D。A、粗鲁；B、冷酷；C友好、；D善于鼓励。

2009年TEXT C

It was late in the afternoon, and I was putting the final touch on a piece of writing that I was feeling pretty good about. I wanted to save it, but my cursor had frozen. I tried to shut the computer down, and it seized up altogether. Unsure of what else todo, I yanked (用力猛拉) the battery out.

Unfortunately, Windows had been in the midst of a delicate and crucial undertaking. The next morning, when I

turned my computer back on, it informed me that a file had been corrupted and Windows would not load. Then, it offered to repair itself by using the Windows Setup CD.

I opened the special drawer where I keep CDs. But no Windows CD in there. I was forced to call the computer company’s Global Support Centre. My call was answered by a woman in some unnamed, far-off land. I find it annoying to make small talk with someone when I don’t know what continent they’re standing on. Suppose I were to comment on the beautiful weather we’ve been having when there was a monsoon at the other end of the phone? So I got right to the point.

\"My computer is telling me a file is corrupted and it wants to fix itself, but I don’t have the Windows Setup CD.\" \"So you’re having a problem with your Windows Setup CD.\" She has apparently been dozing and, having come to just as the sentence ended, was attempting to cover for her inattention.

It quickly became clear that the woman was not a computer technician. Her job was to serve as a gatekeeper, a human shield for the technicians. Her sole duty, as far as I could tell, was to raise global stress levels.

To make me disappear, the woman gave me the phone number for Windows’ creator, Microsoft. This is like giving someone the phone number for, I don’t know, North America. Besides, the CD worked; I just didn’t have it. No matter how many times I repeated my story, we came back to the same place. She was calm and resolutely polite.

When my voice hit a certain decibel (分贝), I was passed along, like a hot, irritable potato, to a technician. \"You don’t have the Windows Setup CD, ma’am, because you don’t need it,\" he explained cheerfully. \"Windows came preinstalled on your computer!\" \"But I do need it.\"

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\"Yes, but you don’t have it.\" We went on like this for a while. Finally, he offered to walk me through the use of a different CD, one that would erase my entire system. \"Of course, you’d lose all your e-mail, your documents, your photos.\" It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache. \"You might be able to recover them, but it would be expensive.\" He sounded delighted. \"And it’s not covered by the warranty (产品保证书)!\" The safe began to seem like a good idea, provided it was full.

I hung up the phone and drove my computer to a small, friendly repair place I’d heard about. A smart, helpful man dug out a Windows CD and told me it wouldn’t be a problem. An hour later, he called to let me know it was ready. I thanked him, and we chatted about the weather, which was the same outside my window as it was outside his. 91. Why did the author shut down her computer abruptly? A. She had saved what she had written. B. She couldn’t move the cursor. C. The computer refused to work.

D. The computer offered to repair itself.

解析：答案选C。

92. Which of the following is the author’s opinion about the woman at the Global Support Centre? A. She sounded helpful and knowledgeable. B. She was there to make callers frustrated. C. She was able to solve her computer problem. D. She was quick to pass her along to a technician.

解析：答案选B。文章中提出她的唯一的责任是挑起全球的紧张压力，可知选B。

93. According to the passage, the solution offered by the technician was A. effective. B. economical. C. unpractical. D. unacceptable.

解析：答案选D。A、B明显排除，C、不切实际的D、不可接受。根据文意作者认为这个不可接受，应该选择D。

94. \"It was like offering to drop a safe on my head to cure my headache\" in the last but one paragraph means that A. the technician’s proposal would make things even worse. B. the technician’s proposal could eventually solve the problem. C. files stored on her computer were like a safe.

D. erasing the entire system was like curing a headache.

解析：答案选A。C、D明显错误，A、技术人员的建议会使事情更糟B、技术人员的建议最终能解决问题，根据文意应选择A。

95. It can be inferred from the passage that the differences between the Global Support Centre and the local repair shop lie in all the following EXCEPT

A. efficiency. B. location. C. setup CDs. D. attitude.

解析：答案选C。A、B、D在文中均有提及是不一样的，只有C，安装CD是一样的。

复习规划： ·精读泛读结合 ·复习解题技巧

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