译林版八年级英语下册Unit 1 Grammar

8B Unit 1 Past and present

Grammar

Teaching Objectives

1.学习现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语。

2.能在语境中运用现在完成时。

Main points and difficult points：

现在完成时与一般过去时在时间副词用法区别。

Teaching tools: pictures, recorder, tape

Teaching procedures:

Step One: Lead-in

The teacher can have a free talk with the students.

e.g. You have known something about Mr. Chen.

Could you tell me anything about Mr. Chen?

Step Two: Pre-task

Recently we have already known a little about Sunshine Town. I have never been there before. Have you ever been there?

S1: No, I haven’t been there yet.

T: Mr. Chen was born there. He has known it since he was very young. He has known it for a long time.

Step Three: While-task

Task 1: 1) Tell the students that we can use adverbs of time with the present perfect tense, such as already, ever, for, just, never, since and yet.

2) Some more examples:

I have just seen Millie on the playground. Has Millie called yet? No, she hasn’t.

I have not heard from Millie yet. I have done my homework already.

I have never read the novel. …

3)现在完成时与时间副词(on Page16)

for +段时间 for two days/three years

since +点时间 since last night /1992 since two days ago

since +句子 since I came here last week

already 一般用于肯定的陈述句

yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句 (否定句中常译为“还”；疑问句中常译为“已经”。)

just 刚（注意与just now的区别）

recently 近来 ever 曾经(常用于问句) never 从不

up to now till now over/in the past 10 years so far before(句尾且不加时间) eg. Have you visited our city before?

4)Exercises A.选择填空

Have you done your homework ______? (for, just, yet)

I have _______ __been to Chengdu. (ever, never, yet)

He has _______ washed the dishes. (already, ever, for)

He has worked there _______ he left school. (already, just, since)

Have you cleaned your room _______? (for, just, yet)

She has known Sam _____ nine years. (for, never, since)

Have you ______ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)

They have ______ arrived. (ever, just, yet)

We have not completed the project _______. (already, for, yet)

B. for or since

1. We have lived here ____ 1990.

2. How long have you studied here? ___ 5 years.

3. The boy has had a bad cold _____ last night.

4. Mr. Huang has kept the books ______ a week ago.

5. I have taught in the school _____ I came here.

6. We have been friends ____ a long time.

总结: for +段时间 since +点时间 (过去时间)

since +句子(一般过去时态的句子)

C.句型转换

1. The boy has already gone home. (一般疑问句)

2. The girl has already given it to me. （否定句）

3.They have ever visited the Hainan Island before .（否定句）

总结: 1.(现在完成时）肯定句变为否定句的基本方法：

2.（现在完成时）肯定句变为一般疑问句的基本方法：

3.注意点：just、already、yet之间的关系及各自适应的句型

Step Four当堂反馈，拓展迁移

完成句子

(1) 你曾经到北京旅行过吗？

(2) 我已经看过这部电影了。

(3) 她刚刚完成作业。

(4) --他们已经去看这部电影了吗? --还没有呢。

(5) 我以前从未看过这本书。

Step Five Homework

1.Remember the new words and phrases .

2.Complete the exercises in workbooks.