Vocabulary Exercise A
Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.
ambiguity recuperation preconception prone connotation preferential ethnocentrically scrutiny deterrent stumbling block
1. We have a certain stereotypical _preconception_ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.
2. According to Dr. Helfand, Pakistan built nuclear weapons as a _deterrent against India. India wanted them as a _deterrent_against China.
3. The European scrutiny_Committee assesses the legal and/or political importance of each EU document, decides which EU documents are debated, monitors the activities of UK Ministers in the Council, and keeps legal, procedural and institutional developments in the EU under review.
4. A major stumbling block in handling criticism is that we believe the criticism to be unfair and untrue and that we should defend ourselves against such criticism.
5. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is somehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai” doesn’t have a negative_connotation_in Chinese.
6. China has no plan to change its preferential treatment policies for foreign investment in the near future in order toreassure foreign investors who have been worried that China might cancel its preferential policies and give foreign investors the same national treatment as their domestic counterparts now that the country is in the WTO.
7. Restorative yoga is especially helpful for anxiety-_prone_people because it allows the nervous system to rest and heal.
8. Students should develop the ability to weigh evidence without bias, tolerate ambiguity _, and use ethical principles in their academic and personal lives.
9. Members slated for peacekeeping duties over 180 days are eligible for up to 15 days of rest and _recuperation .
10. The norms of our own culture are not necessarily wrong－often they are very good－but we should learn not to judge other culture’s ways of acting and thinking ethnocentrically only because they differ from our own.
Vocabulary Exercise B
Fill in the blanks with the best choice.
1. _______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.
A. Tenancy B. Tenacity C. Tendency D. Tenure
2. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!
A. inscrutable B. sweet C. incredulous D. incurious
3. The elimination of ________ was believed to be a prerequisite for any successful intercultural exchange. A. generalizations B. judgments C. doubts D. stereotypes
4. The Pentagon was planning to launch a 24-hour satellite television channel based in Baghdad to make it easier to ________ the news media “filter” that Bush Administration officials believe is misleading the public by emphasizing bad news about the occupation of Iraq.
A. circumnavigate B. circulate C. circumvent D. curriculum
5. This class will provide you as a parent with age appropriate songs and activities to enjoy music at home with toddler that will develop coordination, balance and ________ relationship skills as well as communication and cooperation.
A. scrutiny B. spacious C. stereotype D. spatial
6. It is a _____ to say that the women who teach in India must know the language, the religion, superstitions and customs of the women to be taught in India. It ought to be the very same case for England.
A. truism B. genuine C. tenacity D. similarity
7. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white and writing elegiac couplets in white paper. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.
A. configuration B. conjunction C. connotation D. connection
8. The just-concluded election in Pakistan is simply a _____ for continuing military rule, according to Selig Harrison, a leading US authority on South Asia, Afghanistan and the region.
A. inflection B. facade C. ambiguity D. fabrication
9. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.
A. perpetuated B. pervasive C. permanent D. permeated
10. There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendship before I start a serious relationship.
A. cement B. lime C. clay D. concrete
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C. 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10.A
三单元
Vocabulary Check A
Choose the appropriate word or phrase from the list to complete the following sentences.
sabotage pester standoffish casserole delectable backfire duress siblings therapy smoothie
1. China is the first market for KFC to launch its new product. Targeting trendy young people, KFC D&D features new flavors like the _______ series, crushed ice of different tastes and hot drinks like Hong Kong-style milk tea. It’s a wider choice of drinks and desserts than those on the regular KFC menu.
2. My sister Ellie, who recently lost 20 pounds, has been pressuring me to lose weight too. And when I asked for a second helping of the low-fat _______she served for dinner the other night, she totally went off on me.
3. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually _______ their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Rover” or “Bonze”.
4. Nigerian President Obasanjo said Sunday that he is not excluding 排除 _______ 阴谋破坏，蓄意破坏as the cause of last Sunday’s bomb explosions at the Military Cantonment in Lagos, which led to the death of more than 1,100 people.
5. An obviously biased judge made derisive decisions throughout the trial. The strain of the trial also placed Barrie’s marriage under______, which ultimately led to his wife divorcing him, and led to Barrie’s children being derided and physically attacked by their classmates.
6. The G.O.P. hopes to gain votes by attacking her as a radical feminist who prefers the boardroom to the kitchen. But the ploy策略,手法 could ______by alienating working women.
7. Both Luo and Guang admit their drugs, while effective in combating AIDS and alleviating减轻, 缓解, 缓和 its
syndromes, may not be the final answer to solving the AIDS crisis. Rather, they believe, combined _______ is the likely ultimate answer. Luo said his drugs, when combined with Western medicine, such as the AZT, have shown double the effectiveness for treating AIDS patients.
8. This ______ TV programme is suitable for those half-educated people.
9.“John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from the family－properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really living on easy street.”
10. Anthropologist Dr. Edward T. Hall points out that, for two unacquainted adult male North Americans, the comfortable distance to stand for private conversation is from arm’s length to about four feet apart. For as the South American moves in, the North American feels he’s being pushy; and as the North American backs off the South American thinks he’s being _______.
Vocabulary Check B
1.There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had been done and it was irreversible.
A. inappreciably B. inadvertently C. inarticulately D. invisibly
2. Strengthening regional economic cooperation is a top priority for many Asian countries. Interdependence among these different countries is becoming stronger - thanks to the adoption of a more open economic model. And now, Asian countries are making efforts to promote regional________, and in turn realize common prosperity.
A. integration B. diversity C. competition D. integral
3. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomena using the logic reference of______.
A. comparison B. analysis C. counterpart D. analogy
4.If you mess up, it’s not your parents’ fault, so don’t ______about your mistakes, learn from them. A. wonder B. worried C. whine D. pester
5.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually _______ it in a profitable direction. A. adapt B. control C. install D. steer
6.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______, particularly in western Europe. A. obscure B. obsolete C. optional D. overlapping
7.From busy homemakers to professional people, many Americans enjoy the convenience of prepackaged meals that can be ready to serve in 10 minutes or less. On the other hand, many Americans recognize the value of____ art.
A. cookie B. culinary厨房的, 烹饪的 C. cuisine D. cook
8.The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
A. compelled B. posed C. pressed D. tempted
9.I am not _______ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live. A. concerned B. compatible关系好的，和睦相处的 C. considerate D. complied
10.A good education should train students to think for themselves. However, most of them are trained in the technique of examination under ______.
A. duly B. duty C. duress D. obligation
Vocabulary Check A
1.smoothie 2.casserole 3.pester 4.sabotage 5.duress 6.backfire 7.therapy 8.delectable 9.siblings 10.standoffis Vocabulary Check B
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C. 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10.C
四单元
Vocabulary Check A
thwart optimize infrastructure vestige warrant entail offset symptomatic aggregate retard
1.More studies on rigorous data are _______.
2.The progress of studies comes from hard work and is________by frivolities.
3.Unforfunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.
4. The renewing of the __________ needs greater fiscal investments from the government. 5.The ________of plan economy is being erased step by step.
6.The newcomer has gradually learned what is_______in the position as a qualified salesperson.
7. The disagreements in the nuclear negotiation are ________of the tensions between America and Iran.
8.The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textile imports from China will definitly_________the bilateral trade in other areas.
9.The Labour Party under Tony Blair won a(n) _________ number of 356 seats in the presidential election. 10.Policy makers and economists shoulder the responsibility of_________the use of resources.
Vocabulary Check B
evaluate eliminate return harness warrant expenditure foster maximize presume limit
The true rate of (1)________ to education in China may be as high as 30% or 40%. Our knowledge of true return to education is currently very (2)________ as is our knowledge of the true rate of return to physical capital. More studies on rigorous data are (3)_______. A more factually informed knowledge base will improve government decision making. If governments (4)_____ projects, whether they are human capital projects, or investment projects for dams, road, bridges or factories, they will make better investment decisions. Project evaluations play an important role in keeping good investments and promoting good projects and (5)______ the bad. The value of factually informed cost-benefit econometrics is extraordinarily high. Cost-benefit studies produce value for local governments, provincial government and central government. Research that creates and collects much richer data sets on the returns to all kinds of human and physical capital to guide policy formation will improve policy making. Creating incentives and developing capital markets would promote investment in human capital. It is not necessary to use funds from the center or (6)_______ that education and skill formation should be governmentally supplied. Free up the labor market and the market for education would (7)______ the forces that promote acquisition of skills by (8)________ the training of individual workers by firm, or encourage individuals to train themselves in the workplace to be better farmers, better factory workers and better managers. Otherwise, educational (9)________ should be increased and equalized across regions to (10)________ the return on human capital investment.
Vocabulary Check A
1. warranted 2. retarded 3.offset 4.infrastructure 5.vestige 6.entailed 7.symptomatic 8.thwart 9.aggregate 10.optimizing
Vocabulary Check B
1.return 2. limited 3warranted 4. evaluate 5.eliminating 6.presume 7.harness 8.fostering 9.expenditures 10. maximize
五单元
Vocabulary Check A
abortion earmark cassava cyclone incineration collateral anecdotal impropriety fetus afforestation
1. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds for Social Security.
2. Since Pain was paying no attention to him, he decided that he might without______ ignore Pain. 3. The choice of household and industrail waste disposal is between tipping and ________.
4. Operation Rescue was an organization notorious for its confrontational tactics and its implacable opposition to under all circumstances.
5. Since then we have had , wars, floods, so many things to add and subtract. 6. Coconuts are being scraped and the juice is squeezed on pounded taro or for puddings.
7. The psychological advantages or disadvantages on woman and must be addressed and researched so that informed decisions can still be made.
8. Not all cultural practices are as extreme and the character of the ground flora will also depend on the land-use prior to .
9. The firm pledges its inventory as for a short-term loan, but the lender has no physical control over the inventory.
10. There is no apparent conclusive scientific study, but the ______ evidence is strong that the herb is useful.
Vocabulary Check B
1. The decision to opt for composting was made largely in order to reduce the need for water for flushing the toilet.
A. sew B. sewerage C. sewage D. sewn
2. The end product of such a course of evolution is an obligate that is inextricably linked to a particular host. A. paradise B. parasitic C. parasite D. parasite
3. The situation for teachers without varies according to the circumstances surrounding the dismissal. A. tenure B. tent C. tendency D. tenured 4. Garth doesn’t work; he just lives off his . A. inheritor B. inherent C. inherit D. inheritance
5. It causes many complications, including small placenta size, and low birth weight. A. stillborn B. stillbirth C. stilllife D. stillwater
6. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.
A. undervalue B. devalue C. underweight D. value
7. The alert library media specialist will have recognized at once that is, after all, a kind of integration. A. majority B. maintenance C. mainstreaming D. mainframe
8. The new decoder uses an amplitude locked-in combination with a phase locked ______ to achieve this breakthrough. A. loose B. loophole C. loom D. loop
9. Geometrically, the inner product of two can be considered a measure of their similarity. A. carriers B. vectors C. agents D. mediums
10. They include a new way of controlling diseases, and of administering drugs to people with chronic diseases.
A. waterborne B. water-sick C. waterbed D. water cure
Vocabulary Check A
1. earmark 2. impropriety3.incineration 4. abortion 5. cyclone 6. cassava 7.fetus 8.afforesation 9. collateral 10. anecdotal
Vocabulary Check B
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
七单元
Vocabulary Check A
indentations encroach tarnish impervious vanquish obliterate deprecation valances torso remit
1. The distance was not great enough to details, it only made them little, and mellow, and dainty, like landscapes and towns seen through the wrong end of a spy-glass.
2. The water, however, will little by little on the shore, the island becoming lower and smaller, and the space between the inner edge of the reef and the beach proportionately broader.
3. To the punishment of such crimes was, he said, to encourage them. 4. Elizabeth also wept and was unhappy, but hers also was the misery of innocence, which, like a cloud that passes over the fair moon, for a while hides but cannot its brightness. 5. When Ajax saw his mark he knew it and was glad; he threw it to the ground and said, \"My friends, the lot is mine, and I rejoice, for I shall__________ Hector.
6. “Now, it is of no use, Peak,” said Sir John, raising his hand in __________ of his delivering any message; “I am not at home.”
7. In submarine works, the workman, clad in an __________ dress, with his head in a metal helmet, receives air from above by means of forcing pumps and regulators.
8. Large _________of silk, embroidered with flowers of gay colors, which were rather faded, fell from the wide windows; the fittings of the room were simple, but in excellent taste
9. Perhaps had one been there to point them out to us, we might have noted __________ in the mud, but they were countless, one overlapping another into a confusion that would have been entirely meaningless to us.
10. Their arms were rather longer and their legs shorter in proportion to the _________ than in man, and later I noticed that their great toes protruded at right angles from their feet—because of their arboreal habits, I presume.
Vocabulary Check B
1. The sea laughed and flashed and preened and allured, like a beautiful, ________woman. A. coquettish B. vulnerable C. weird D. shrewd
2. He has done me no harm, poor wrench, but he is an ________ to me now, for he is Driscoll, the young gentleman, and I am a—oh, I wish I was dead.
A. eyelash B. eyewitness C. eyesore D. eye-opener
3. Does any secret repugnance, or any __________ dislike, exist between you and her family? A. hysterical B. hereditary C. incredible D. incredulous
4. And so the sailors fled into the stern and crowded _________ about the right-minded helmsman, until suddenly the lion sprang upon the master and seized him; and when the sailors saw it they leapt out overboard one and all into the bright sea, escaping from a miserable fate, and were changed into dolphins.
A. amused B. amazed C. bemused D. obsessed
5. There must be some good reasons for these __________ of fate, but I have never sought to discover them. A. discrepancies B. discriminations C. dispatches D. dispensations
6. The rifle hanging upon the wall caught his first attention; it was for this strange, death-dealing thunder-stick that he had yearned for months; but now that it was within his grasp he scarcely had the ____to seize it
A. temerity B. condolence C. tenacity D. conspiracy
7. And here, instead of its being a matter of_________, it turns out to be one of congratulation A. meditation B. condolence C. relevance D. sensation
8. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to _________it. A. divulge B. dispense C. dissolve D. disperse
9. Consider that the poison was so ________ that even a man who is as strong as an ox like Malone here, could hardly get up the stairs before he fell unconscious.
A. vicious B. villainous C. virulent D. vehement
10. Anne was sitting at her open window, for the time forgetful of the woes of examinations and the cares of the world, as she drank in the beauty of the summer dusk, sweet-scented with flower breaths from the garden below and __ ____ and rustling from the stir of poplars.
A. thrilling B. shimmering C. thundering D. sibilant
Vocabulary Check A
1.obliterate 2. encroach 3. remit 4. tarnish 5. vanquish 6.deprecation 7.impervious 8.valances 9. indentations 10. torso Vocabulary Check B
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D
21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.
A. connotation B. preconception C. recuperation D. ambiguity
22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic development as a whole. A. warrant B. ration C. thwart D. retard
23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the short run, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.
A. bid for B. bid on C. bid up D. bid to
24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.
A. undervalue B. devalue C. underweight D. value
25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because I won’t hate him. A. persevering B. perverse C. perfect D. previous
26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation. A. tenant B. terminal C. temperament D. tenure
27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds for Social Security.
A. marked B. commissioned C. earmarked D. commanded
28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.
A. offset B. optimized C. subsidized D. unleashed
29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.
A. friendly B. warm C. standoffish D. selfish
30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Tom” or “Bill”.
A. peter B. pester C. worry D. whine
31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.
A. perpetuated B. persecuted C. persisted D. permeated
32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from the family---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s really living on easy street.” A. siblings B. soberings C. sibilants D. stillbirths
33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic development throughout the country.
A. aggravation B. exaggeration C. elimination D. alleviation
34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it. A. divulge B. dispense C. dissolve D. disperse
35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spent gathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .
A. deforestation B. afforestation C. forests D. forestry
36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!
A. incurious B. sweet C. incredulous D. inscrutable
37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.
A. invisibly B. inappreciably C. inadvertently D. inadequately 38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals. A. encroaches B. invades C. involves D. interrupts
39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become more conscious of its significance in economic growth.
A. substructure B. portfolio C. infrastructure D. asset
40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in the town is being erased step by step.
A. prestige B. vestige C. fame D. symptom
41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese pay respect to the dead and
express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.
A. configuration B. conjunction C. connotation D. connection
42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, they will firstly try to understand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.
A. comparison B. analysis C. counterpart D. analogy
43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people. A. conquer B. dominate C. steer D. lead 44. There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendship before I start a serious relationship.
A. cement B. lime C. clay D. concrete 45. _______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along out of inability to imagine anything else.
A. Tenancy B. Tenacity C. Tendency D. Tension
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