Further Reading .
2. Using Dictionaries Ex I
1. slang 6. prefix 2. abbreviation 7. suffix
3. geographical name 8. illustrative quotation
4. technical word 9. synonym 5. derivation 10. antonym
Unit 2 Sightseeing Home and Abroad
Fundamental Reading
1. Beijing
Ex I
1. palace 11. the Imperial City
2. temple 12. the residences of leaders 3. Mongol 13. the Gate of Heavenly Peace 4. emperor 14. square 5. Manchu 15. parade
6. the central city 16. fireworks display 7. suburb 17. commercial area 8. farmland 18.residential area
9. the emperor’s household 19. the Temple of Heaven the Forbidden City Ex III
1. At the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th centuries, Genghis Khan, the
first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, established the Mongol Empire, also known as China’s Yuan Dynasty.
2. Manchuguo was the puppet regime established after Japanese invasion of the
three provinces in northeast China.
3. Construction on the Forbidden City started from 1406 A.D, and ended in 1420
A.D.( the 18th year of Yongle Emperor on the throne). Rest in the center of Beijing, the palace covers an area of 720,000 square meters, extending 961 meters from south to north and 753 meters from east to west. With more than 9,000 royal chambers, the Forbidden City served as the palace of 24 emperors over a period of more than 500 years from the Ming to Qing Dynasties. It’s the largest and most well-preserved imperial palace and ancient architecture in existence in China and the world as well.
4. The Gate of Heavenly Peace, formerly known as the Chengtian Gate, served as
the main gate to the imperial city. Its construction was completed in the 18th year of Yongle Emperor on the throne.
5. Built in 1420 A.D., the Temple of Heaven was where emperors of the Ming and
Qing Dynasties offered sacrifice to the Heaven and prayed for harvests.
Unit 4 Love and Sex Education
Fundamental Reading
1. Making Our Children Aware of More Ex. I
1.性教育: sex education 2.青少年: adolescent 3.青春期: puberty
4.生理卫生: physiological health 5.艾滋病: AIDS
6.生理变化: physiological changes 7.心理变化: psychological changes 8.避孕用具: contraceptive devices
2. Gender Identity Ex I
1.性别: gender 2.怀孕: conception 3.精子: sperm 4.卵子: egg
5.遗传信息: genetic information 6.性格/特征: characteristic
7.性行为: sexual intercourse 8.染色体: chromosome
3.New Generation Rethinks Sex Ex I
1. 禁忌,避讳: taboo 2. 封建制度: feudalism
3. 婚前性行为: premarital sex
4. 性和健康教育研究中心: Sexuality and Health Education Research Center 5. 性解放: sexual liberation 6. 师范大学: Normal University
7.丰富人民的物质生活: enrich people’s lives materially
8.传统习惯: traditional custom 9.道德规范: moral code
10.个人私事: personal issue 11.童贞,贞洁: virginity 12.处女: virgin 13.性道德: sex morality 14.自我控制: self-control
Further Reading
2.To the Immortal Beloved
（译文）
贝多芬致其\"永恒的爱人\"书(其一)
7月6日星期一晚
你在受苦，我最亲爱的人儿——我刚才听说信件必须清早发出.星期一,星期四 --只有这两天有邮车从这里到K去。’你在受苦 -- 啊!不管我在哪里,你也在那里／我想把我们的事安排一下,使自己能活下去,而且是和你生活在一起, 多美的生活啊!!!!象这样!!!!象这样没有你的生活-—为人类的福利所驱使而东奔西走 --- 我实在不配做这种工作,也没有这种意愿.
人对人的屈从 --- 使我痛苦 --- 可是当我把自己和宇宙放在一起考虑的时候, 我算得了什么? 所谓英雄豪杰又算得了什么呢 --- 然而 --- 这些人中间就写有神的意志.我想到你恐怕要到星期六才能收到我的第一封信时, 我竟不由潸然泪下——你爱我很深,我爱你却更深 --- 然而,决不要对我隐瞒你的思想 --- 晚安 --- 我要去洗澡, 马上得睡了.天哪!近在眼前,远在天边!我们的爱情难道不是遗作真正的天宫吗? --- 象天庭一样稳固吗 ?
贝多芬致其\"永恒的爱人\"书(其二)
7月7日晨 早安，我永恒的爱人，虽然尚未起床，我的思想已经飞到你身边来了，忽而高兴，忽而忧伤，等待着命运的讯息，不知它是否会顺从我们的心愿。我只能完全和你生活在一起，要么根本就不活下去。是的，我决定离别你到外面去飘泊些时候。直到我能飞到你怀抱里来对你说:我真的回来了，把我的灵魂和你裹在一起，让它飘到神仙世界里去吧。是的，不幸非如此不可一一你会比我更坚决，因为你知道我对你的忠诚一一再也没有别人能占有我的心了一一不会有一一永远不会有一一啊，上帝!一个人为什么非和自己最亲爱的人离别不可呢?而现在我在W(维也纳)的生活却如此苦恼一一你的爱情使我变成了世界上最幸福的人，同时也是最痛苦的人。象我这种年纪，需要过稳定而安静的生活一一在我们目前的情况下办得到吗?我的天使，我刚听说每天都有邮车一一所以我必须立刻停笔，这样你就可以立刻收到这封信。冷静点，只有头脑冷静地考虑一下我们的现状，才能达到生活在一起的目的一一冷静点一一爱
我吧 --- 今天 --- 昨天 --- 想你想得真要发哭了一一你一一你---我的生命 --- 我的一切 --- 再会 --- 继续爱我吧 --- 决不要冤枉你所爱的路德维格那颗最忠诚的心。
Unit 5 Folklore and Folk Art
Fundamental Reading
1. Folk Are Ex I
1. 民谣ballad
2. 童话故事fairy tale 3. 传奇 故事legend 4. 神话故事myth
5. 民间故事folk tale 6. 谚语/箴言proverb 7. 童谣nursery rhyme 8. 谜语riddle
9. 迷信superstition 10. 灰姑娘Cinderella
Ex II
1. Folklore is any of the customs and traditions that develop from a nation over a long
period of time. It consists of customs, traditions, beliefs and such forms of oral literature as fairy tales, folk tales, riddles, proverbs, ballads, songs and superstitions. It also includes arts and crafts, traditional games, holiday celebrations and so on. 2. Proverbs are some sayings frequently used in our everyday life. Although proverbs
are similar to idioms, they are popular and easy to understand with the characteristics of the spoken language, completed ideas in the form of one or two short sentences. 3. Chinese proverbs involve a large content. They can be divided into various categories
with numerous good examples, of which some concern farming, for example, “ It is time to sow before and after the Festival of Pure Brightness”, some others concern logic, for example, “As you sow, so will you reap”, still some others concern the general knowledge in our life, for example, “Walk after eating to live a fit and long life”. Proverbs, like idioms, as a part of the whole vocabulary of a language, can add to freshness and vividness of language.
3. Chinese Folk Art Ex I
1. 艺术创作 artistic creation 2. 种桑 plant mulberry trees 3. 养蚕 to raise silkworms 4. 刺绣 embroidery 5. 染 dye
6. 壁画mural（painting） 7. 陶器 pottery
8. 捏面人 dough sculpture 9. 剪纸 papercut
10. 黄土高原 Loess Plateau 11. 窑洞 cave dwellings 12. 长寿 longevity 13. 龙 dragon 14. 凤 phoenix
15. 向往美好生活 yearn for a better life 16. 结婚礼服 wedding dress 17. 洞房bridal chamber
18. 代代相传 to hand down from generation to generation 19. 中国少数民族 Chinese ethnic minorities
20. 未婚夫 fiance
Further Reading
2. Monkey King Online Ex I
1. 多媒体multimedia 2. 光盘驱动器CD-ROM
3. 西游记Journey to the West. 4. 妖魔鬼怪demons and monsters 5. 唐僧the Tang Priest Xuanzang 6. 取经fetching Buddhist scriptures
7. 花果山the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit 8. 水帘洞a waterfall in front of a cliff 9. 美猴王the Handsome Monkey King
10. 天兵天将troops from heaven / the heavenly generals and soldiers 11. 翻筋斗somersault
12. 大闹天宫make Havoc in Heaven 13. 金箍棒golden cudgel
14. 仙丹，长生不老药 the pills of immortality 15. 玉皇大帝the Jade Emperor in the Heaven 16. 如来佛 the Buddha
Ex II
1. The stories of “Journey to the West” are widely known by almost everyone in China. 2. “Journey to the West” is a Chinese full-length fantasy novel in Ming Dynasty. It tells
of the historical fact of the Tang Priest Xuanzang’s mission to ancient India for fetching Buddhist scriptures escorted by Sun Wukong and his other disciples, bearing the characteristics of fairy tales.
3. Monkey King is loved by everyone as a resourceful and brave hero who scorns
imperial power, dare to rebel and have the sense of humor.
4. “Journey to the West” includes three parts. The subject of part one is the origin of
Monkey King and how he made havoc in the heaven. Part two continues with the origin of the Tang Priest Xuanzang and the reasons for his journey to the west to fetch Buddhist scriptures. Part three narrates how Monkey King was converted to Buddhism to escort the Tang Priest to the west to fetch Buddhist scriptures. After they had experienced eighty-one adversities on their way, subduing various demons and monsters and struggling against sinister natural conditions, they succeeded in getting the Buddhist scriptures at last and reached the Buddhist spiritual state of an immortal.
3. What’s So Special About Dragon? Ex I
1. 长寿 longevity
2. 子孙 (后裔) descendants
3. 图腾totem
4. 祖先 forefather / ancestor 5. 吉祥物 mascot 6. 大禹Yu the Great 7. 巫峡 Wuxia Gorge 8. 洪涝 flood 9. 干旱drought
10. (供奉猪、羊)祭祀 to offer sacrifices of pigs and goats 11. 龙王庙dragon king temple
Ex III
1. The dragon, springing from the ancient Chinese totem, is considered the symbol of
Chinese nationality. It is said that the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Yan were sons of dragons, so Chinese always say they are “descendants of dragons” or “descendants of the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Yan”.
2. The dragon dances, one of the folk dances of the Chinese Han nationality, have a
long history of two thousand years. They got the name because of the patterns of dragons that the dancers carry as props.
3. Dragon dances are the most popular folk dances in the Chinese traditional festivals.
Chinese communities in the world show their cultural traditions of their communities through dragon dances.
Unit 6 Ways of Life Fundamental Reading 2. Food Guide Pyramid Ex I
1. 乳制品 dairy products 2. 维生素 vitamin
3. 碳水化合物 carbohydrate 4. 营养 nutrient 5. 纤维素 fiber 6. 蛋白质protein 7. 矿物质 mineral 8. 热量（卡） calorie
9. 消化系统 digestive system 10. 家禽 poultry 11. 钙 calcium 12. 磷 phosphorus 13. 锌 zinc
14. 谷类食物 cereal 15. 脂肪 fat
16. 小吃，快餐 snack
Unit 7 Perceiving Planet Earth
Fundamental Reading
2.The Ecosystem Ex I
1. 生态系统 ecological system 2. 生物圈 biosphere 1. 食物链 food chain 2. 资源 resource 3. 昆虫 insect 4. 物种 species 5. 微生物 microbe 6. 藻类 algae 7. 有机物 organism
8. 光合作用 photosynthesis 9. 菌类 fungi 10. 草食动物 herbivore
3. A Theory of Earth's Structure Ex I
1. 火山爆发 volcanic eruption 2. 岩浆 magma 3. 地壳 the crust
4. 北冰洋 the Arctic Ocean 5. 断裂带 crack/fault
6. 板块漂移 the movement of the plates 7. 次大陆 subcontinent
8. 喜马拉雅山脉 the Himalaya range 9. 阿尔卑斯山 the Alps 10. 安第斯山 the Andes
3. The balance of Nature
1. 大自然的平衡是一个精细而微妙的、抑制与反抑制的系统。气候的改变，新生命体
的演变，动植物扩展到新的地区都会使这一系统不停地发生变化。
2. 谁曾料到扔掉一棵加拿大水蕴草会使英国一半的水运通道阻塞十年？谁曾料到把仙
人掌送给移民的孤独的妻子会使澳大利亚东部一片片仙人掌泛滥成灾？谁会预言砍倒亚得里亚海岸或中非地区的森林会冲走裸露岩石上的土壤，使这些土地半沙漠化？谁能料到交通手段的进步会改变历史，使昏睡病传播到东非，麻疹传播到大洋洲，疟疾传播到古老的希腊？
（译文）
自然界的平衡The balance of Nature
朱利安 赫胥黎
自然界的平衡是一种十分精密复杂而又敏感脆弱的抑制与反抑制体系，它总是随着气候条件的变化，随着新的生物体的形成，和随着动植物蔓延入新的地区而持续不断地变化着。
可是，在过去，这些变化大部分是很缓慢的，而自从文明人出现以后，变化的速度便增大了很多倍。用以测量它们的时间标度；已经从适用于自然演化过程的、以一万年或十万年为计量单位的时间标度，转变成人类所使用的、以几百年甚至几十年为计量单位的时间标度。 人类到处都在改变着自然界的平衡。他帮助动植物进入新的地区，有时是有意的，有时是无意的。他正在用新的植物种类，或者用房屋、工厂、炉渣堆或其它的文明产物覆盖大片的土地。他使有些物种大批消亡，却造成有利条件使另外一些物种成倍地增加。总之，人类在五千年内比大自然在五百万年内做了更多的事来改变地球的生态。 他所造成的许多变化已经产生了没有预料到的后果。谁能料到，扔掉一株加拿大水草会使英国的一半水路阻塞十年之久？谁又能料到，为那些移民们的寂寞的妻子提供一盆仙人掌会使澳大利亚东部的霸王树林蔓延成灾?谁能预示，砍去亚德里亚海滨或中非某些地区的森林会使泥土流失，剩下光秃秃的岩石，使“良田变成半沙漠?谁想得到，改进交通竞也会传播疾病 —— 使昏睡症传入了东非，麻疹传入了大洋洲，古希腊的疟疾很可能也是别处传入的 ——从而改变了历史的发展。 这都是些令人瞩目的例子，规模较小的例子则到处可见。我们为某些稀有鸟类设立了自然保护区，规定保障全部物种的绝对安全；其结果却可能是一些普通而又易生存的鸟类大量繁殖，逐出了我们直正感兴趣的珍贵品种。我们看到，由于现代文明带来的某些小变化，使英国处处出现了成群结队的燕八哥。我们提高了牛的生育能力，现在却发现它们耗竭了过去足以养活那些对生存条件不那么苛求的牲畜的牧场。，我们得意地着手捕杀危害家畜的食肉动物，攫食家禽及野味的苍鹰，但发现这样做却使啃噬农民收益的老鼠和其它啮齿动物无限制地繁殖起来。
Unit 8 Solving Social Problems
1. Social Problems in New York City Ex I
1. social problem 2. poverty 3. crime rate
4. drug addiction 5. racial conflict 6. welfare program 7. medical care 8. drug addict 9. burglary
10. well-paying job (well-paid job) 11. segregated neighborhood 12. minority group
2. AIDS and its Prevention Ex I
1. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 2. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 3. immune system 4. symptom
5. infected blood
6. the most effective preventive strategy 7. health authority 8. drug user
9. share injection equipment (share syringe) 10. public health agency 11. vaccine 12. drug abuse 13. health clinic
14. American Red Cross
15. World Health Organization (WHO) 16. monitor
17. World AIDS Day 18. protective clothing
3. Juvenile Delinquency Ex I
1. juvenile delinquency
2. juvenile delinquent /juvenile offender/young lawbreaker 3. the rate of juvenile crime 4. automobile theft 5. curfew
6. alcoholic beverage 7. juvenile court 8. criminal court 9. try
10. legal age 11. street gang
12. law breaker/offender
13. reform/rehabilitate offender 14. accuse sb. of sth 15. family relationship 16. delinquency studies 17. sociologist 18. alcoholism 19. broken home 20. juvenile
21. low-income group 22. counseling service 23. recreational center
Further Reading
1. Safety Precautions
Ex I
1. mind one’s own business 2. stay away from dark places 3. a populated area 4. a deserted locality 5. loiter 6. peephole 7. fire escape 8. identification card/ identity card 9. common sense 10. safeguard 11. master key 12. locksmith
2. Population Explosion Ex I
1. population explosion 2. birth rate 3. death rate
4. living conditions 5. industrial country 6. rural area
7. agricultural country 8. low-income country 9. food production 10. famine
11. population growth 12. high-yield crop variety 13. the Green Revolution
14. equal distribution of existing resources 15. go hungry
16. population control 17. replacement level
18. zero population growth
3. Drug Abuse Ex I
1. drug abuse
2. alcoholic beverage 3. tobacco
4. prescription drug 5. cocaine 6. marijuana
7. heroin 8. opiate
9. hallucinogenic drug 10. designer drug 11. malnutrition
Unit 9 Feeding the World
Fundamental Reading
2. Chief Agricultural Products Ex I
1. 农产品 agricultural product / farm product 2. 天然纤维 natural fiber 3. 草料作物 forage crop 4. 食品 food product 5. 谷物 cereal grain 6. 块根作物 root crop 7. 红薯 sweet potato 8. 热带植物 tropical plant 9. 豆类植物 pulse
10. 油类作物 oil-bearing crop 11. 糖类作物 sugar-bearing crop 12. 天然橡胶 natural rubber
3. New Agricultural Chemicals Ex I
1. 合成化学药品 synthetic chemical 2. 轮种作物 rotation crop 3. 杀虫剂 insecticide 4. 除草剂 herbicide
Further Reading
2. Soil Conservation Ex I
1. 等高耕作 contour plowing 2. 等高条植 strip cropping 3. 筑梯田 terracing 4. 风化 weathering 5. 腐殖质 humus 6. 侵蚀 erosion 7. 防风林 windbreak
8. 土壤肥力 soil fertility / the fertility of soil 9. 化肥 chemical fertilizer 10. 肥料 manure
11. 自然资源保护处 the Natural Resources Conservation Service
3. Methods to Increase the Food Supply Ex I
1. 饲料谷物 feed grain
2. 改良品种 an improved variety 3. 绿色革命 the Green Revolution 4. 围栏肥育地 feed lot 5. 不良后果 ill effect 6. 农作物产量 crop yield
7.高产水稻小麦品种 high-yield varieties of rice and wheat
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容