写作指导

三段式作文

所谓三段式就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式谋篇布局。三段式的模式写法通常为： 1．第一段开门见山，提出要解决的问题或观点，或者把时间、地点、人物和主要事情及时点出。

2．第二段要摆出事实或提出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。

3．最后一段，得出结论或理由。

注意：要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”和“粘合剂”。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次不明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有： 递进型：besides，what’s more，let alone，worse still，moreover，even，furthermore等； 解释型：that is (to say)，in other words，or等；

转折型：however，but，yet，although，otherwise，instead，on the contrary等； 列举型：firstly...secondly...finally，on the one hand，on the other hand等； 举例型：for example，for instance，such as，that is，like，take...for example等； 因果型：because (of)，since，therefore，as a result，thanks to，thus，due to等； 让步型：though，although，in spite of，despite等；

顺序型：first...next...and then...finally，first...then...after that...finally等； 并列型：and，or，also，as well as等；

时间型：afterwards，soon，later，the moment，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...等； 总结型：in conclusion，in a word，to sum up，in short，on the whole等；

见解型：in my opinion，personally speaking，as far as I am concerned等。 以上写作模式可时常运用于实际的写作过程中，只要我们把握好写作技巧和模式，书面表达能力的提高也就指日可待了。

假设你是李越，你的加拿大笔友Steve来信说，他和他的一些同学正在学中文，请你推荐两本学中文的词典。根据下表提供的信息，请你给他写一封回信。 收词 (字) 价格 英汉词典 18 000 (英语) 20 000 (汉语) 52元 新华字典 10 000 11元 中国最常用的汉语字典 特点 大量例子、用法说明，适合初学者

注意：1.词数：100左右；

2．参考词汇：推荐recommend；英汉词典The English－Chinese Dictionary (ECD)；新华字典Xinhua Dictionary (XD)。 Dear Steve，

____________________________________________________________

Yours， Li Yue

此篇书面表达属于实物说明文，其篇章结构可按三段式进行写作。本文的第一段，可用直接的叙述“I’m so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese”。正文即可作为第二段，其主要内容是对两本词典的一些介绍。结束语即可作为第三段。应将两本词典的特点表达准确，以便加拿大笔友Steve做出合理选择。表达时，文章的基本时态可考虑用一般现在时。

Dear Steve，

I’m so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese.

I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries.The English－Chinese Dictionary is really a good one for beginners.It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words.Besides plenty of examples，it has many notes telling you how to use a word.Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary，and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words.It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese.Of the two，ECD is more expensive.It costs 52 yuan，and XD costs 11 yuan.

Please let me know if you want me to buy one for you.

Yours， Li Yue

有些人认为有必要 另一些人认为没有必要 1.跟老师学比自学好 2.可以巩固课堂所学 3.可以学到更多知识 1.容易养成依赖的习惯 2.学生需要时间休息 3.都以赢利为目的 当前，越来越多的中学生利用周末时间参加各种培训班或请家教。对于这种现象，存在两种不同的观点。请根据内容提示写一篇短文，并简要阐述自己的观点。 注意：1.文章开头已为你写好； 2．用十句作文法和三段式表达；

3．为使行文连贯，可适当增加细节； 4．词数：100左右。

Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary?

More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or having family teachers at weekends.There are two different viewpoints about it.

__________________________________________________________

【参考答案】

Is a Training Class or Family Teacher Necessary?

More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or having family teachers at weekends.There are two different viewpoints about it.

Some think it necessary.First of all，it’s more effective to study with a teacher than by themselves.Secondly，it can strengthen what they have learnt in class.Besides，they can learn a lot

more.Others think it unnecessary.For one thing，students can easily form the habit of dependence.For another，students need time to relax from time to time.What’s more，the purpose of many training classes and family teachers is to make money.

In my opinion，whether a training class or family teacher is needed just depends.Do be sure to choose a good and suitable class or teacher，otherwise it would be a waste of time and money.

写作指导 (2)

提纲作文

提纲作文是近几年高考英语书面表达的热点题型。命题者通常把提纲作文与其他常用文体形式(如书信、报道、通知、日记等)有机结合在一起进行考查，使该类书面表达试题综合性越来越强。

1．提纲作文的特点

提纲作文就是把文章的情景和内容要求分成块，以条目的形式列出，请考生据此进行写作。这实际上是对考生思路和文章写作范围所作的明确限定。因此，提纲中所列举的要点要全部涉及到，一个也不能遗漏。 2．思维空间灵活、开放

为了提高文章档次，考生应在保证内容要点齐全的同时进行合理而又紧扣主题的发挥。因此，该类型的书面表达具有一定的灵活性，能较好地体现考生的英语思维能力。

3．提纲作文的写作步骤一般分为：审题，明确文体形式；构思，根据提纲全面构思文章内容，根据内容构思词语和句型结构；写作完稿，根据构思的词语和句型结构，按照合理的顺序和语言要求，连句成文。注意句子间的正确联系，注意词语的丰富和句型的多样。

某省已经连续两年取消了高考英语听力测试，为此社会各界褒贬不一。假如你叫李明，请根据下面的提示给某报英语专栏写一封信，就考英语听力测试的必要性谈谈你自己的看法。 要点：1.听、说、读、写中，听是基础。 2．没有听力，英语考试是不全面的。 3．听是获取信息的重要途径。

注意：1.短文中应包括上述三个要点，并适当增加你自己的意见； 2．开头部分和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数； 3．词数：120～150。 Dear Editor，

With the development of economy，it’s more and more important to have a good command of English.

___________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely，

Li Ming

案例分析

………………………………………………. ⊙

第一步：审题。分析题目和提纲可知，这封书信的体裁应该是议论文。论点是“高考英语听力测试的必要性”，论据包括要点所提供的三点。因文章需要发表自己的意见，故使用第一

人称。

第二步：构思。文章应该按照“总——分——总”的结构分为三段。

第一段提出问题(论点)：It is quite necessary that listening test should be added to the College Entrance Examination.

第二段分析问题(用论据论证)：

(1)Listening is very important.Listening，speaking，reading and writing are the four basic parts of learning a foreign language.

(2)The English examination itself wouldn’t be complete and perfect if there weren’t listening test. (3)In communication with foreigners，if we can’t understand what they say，how can we express ourselves freely?

第三段解决问题(给出结论)：So we must take advantage of every chance to practise listening to develop our English to meet the needs of our society.

第三步：完稿。根据要点，按照逻辑顺序重新组织材料，力求拼写正确，行文连贯，链接自然，语言规范，词语丰富，句型多样，语法结构准确无误，表达简明扼要，慎用长难句。

Dear Editor，

With the development of economy，it’s more and more important to have a good command of English.I think it is quite necessary that listening test should be added to the College Entrance Examination. As we know，in the study of English，listening is very important.Listening，speaking，reading and writing are the four basic parts of learning a foreign language.Without listening，we

can’t get along well with the others.Furthermore，the English examination itself wouldn’t be complete and perfect if there weren’t listening test in it.It also can’t reflect the overall ability of the students in learning a foreign language.What’s more，in communication with foreigners，if we can’t understand what they say，how can we express ourselves freely?

So we must take advantage of every chance to practise listening to develop our English to meet the needs of our society.

Yours sincerely， Li Ming

你的英国朋友正在做一个课题：世界各地的生日庆祝方式。他请你介绍中国学生过生日的方式。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文： 一、通常方式 1．生日聚会 2．生日礼物

3．生日祝福

二、我认为更有意义的庆祝方式和理由 词数：120～150

【参考答案】

Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways，but the most common way is to hold a birthday party，at which friends get together to have fun drinking，singing and dancing.On the birthday，one usually receives nice gifts and good wishes from friends and parents.Sometimes，parents will prepare a special dinner or a cake to show their love for their children.

Since birthday celebration is one of the important activities in one’s life，it can be done in more

meaningful ways.For example，we can buy some flowers or cook a delicious meal for our mothers on that day.In this way，we express thanks to our parents in return for their love.

写作指导 (3)

看图作文

看图作文也叫做图画式作文，是一种常见的高考题型。它是指根据图画所提供的信息写一篇短文，或叙述一件事，或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。一般性图画式作文都包含六个要点：时间、地点、人物、事件、过程、结果。这些要点往往是缺一不可的，否则整篇文章就不完整。

看图作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转换成英语语言文字，再根据这些要点谋篇布局。 一、看图作文的考查特点 1．命制思路特点

看图作文的主要考查特点是生动、形象、直观、图文并茂。它要求行文时做到：主题明确，即文章能概括图画所反映的中心思想；图文一致，即文章能体现图画中所反映的主要内容。 2．能力表现特点

看图作文要求考生具有敏锐的观察力，丰富的想像力、严谨的逻辑思维能力、冷静的分析能力，以及最终将以上能力综合体现出来的良好的书面表达能力。

3．语言表达特点

表达准确，过渡自然。看图作文行文时要注意词汇与句型的精心选择，准确表达。表达过程中要注意图画信息的连接方式，尤其要注意句与句，段与段之间的意思连贯。为此，考生应学会灵活使用连接词、指示代词等，适当地根据自己的需要和文章的进展调整信息出现的顺序。

二、看图作文的写作步骤 1．仔细审题，确定要点 2．紧扣要点，组句成篇 3．表达准确，过渡自然 4．规范书写，检查润色

美国中学生Jeff将要到你所在的红星中学学习中文，经协商安排住在你家。假设你是李华，请给Jeff写一封信，按照下图顺序介绍他来中国后的生活安排。

注意：1.信的开头和结尾已为你写好； 2．词数不少于60。 Dear Jeff，

My name is Li Hua.I’m from Beijing Hongxing Middle School.I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.

________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua

案例分析⊙

1．认真审题，确定人称和时态

通过阅读题目，我们可以确定：此文的体裁是说明文，须用第一人称，时态主要用一般现在时，同时，也可适当使用一般将来时。 2．挖掘材料，列出要点和提纲

要认真观察每幅图片，同时还要注意参考词汇、图中所给的文字提示，准确而全面地理解图片大意。通过观察图片，我们可以知道这是一篇介绍“红星中学学习生活以及Jeff寄宿房间的布局”的说明文。此题可以归纳出以下四个要点：(1)寄宿你家以及房间的布局；(2)从你家到红星中学的距离以及上学的方式；(3)学生食堂；(4)课后娱乐活动。 根据要点，拟出以下提纲：

①provide you with a room

②a room with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV；have your own bathroom ③the school is close to our home；go to school together by bike

④have lunch at the school dining hall；talk with friends over lunch

⑤finish classes at 4 in the afternoon

⑥join other students in playing ball games or swimming 3．选用句式，连词成句巧成文

根据文章体裁的不同适当补充时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、结果等细节扩展句式；恰当地使用一些具有承上启下作用的过渡性词汇或过渡句；适当调整句子顺序，使文章语言简练、连贯、流畅。

(1)We will provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV. (2)Our school is quite close to our home.We could go to school together by bike. (3)We will have lunch at the school dining hall.

(4)You will like the delicious Chinese food and enjoy talking with friends over lunch. (5)Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.

(6)You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming.

(7)We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience. 4．认真核查，注意语言的连贯和得体 要做到“四查”：

(1)查句式。看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确等。

(2)查动词。看谓语动词的时态、语态是否正确，主谓是否一致，非谓语动词形式是否正确等。

(3)查习语、搭配。看是否符合英语表达习惯。

(4)查拼写、词数。看拼写是否有误、词数是否合适。

Dear Jeff，

My name is Li Hua.I’m from Beijing Hongxing Middle School.I’m very happy to learn that you’re going to stay with my family while you’re in Beijing.

While you are here，we’ll provide you with a room of your own with a bed，a desk，a couple of chairs and a TV set.You’ll also have your own bathroom.Our school is quite close to our home，so we could go to school together by bike.At noon we’ll have lunch at the school dining hall.I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.Classes in our school usually finish at 4 in the afternoon.You can then join other students in playing ball games or swimming.It’ll be a lot of fun.

If you have any questions or requests，please let me know.We’ll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua

你们学校在征集改善道路交通状况的文章，请你根据题目要求及下面图画的内容提示，为学校的壁报写一篇稿件，谈谈你对交通状况的思考。 注意：1.词数不少于120；

2．应包括图画中的全部内容：

3．标题与开头已为你写好；

4．参考词汇：行人 pedestrian；人行横道 zebra crossing；隔离护栏 divider。

What’s Wrong with Them?

Take a look at the road conditions of today.Something must be wrong with today’s people.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】

What’s Wrong with Them?

Take a look at the road conditions of today.Something must be wrong with today’s people.Quite a few pedestrians and cyclists behave as if there were no traffic rules at all.They cross roads anywhere as they like，even though there are zebra crossings just a few yards away.Some even put themselves at risk taking short cuts by climbing dividers in the middle of roads.Many drivers act like F1 racers on the

highways.They drive at considerable speeds without care.They usually speed through zebra crossings，even when pedestrians are there.When there is a red light at an intersection，pedestrians or cyclists never tend to pause or stop.They all forget where they are.Sometimes there are some crazy people driving on the roads without driving licenses，or worse，drink and drive，which can make the road into a bloody battle field.

Why do such things happen? In my opinion，it is just due to their lack of moral duty that people ignore various traffic rules，road safety，or even the lives of others.This leads to their bad and reckless behavior，which makes the traffic conditions go from bad to worse.It is believed that something should be done to improve the whole situation.Then road safety won’t be a problem and traffic conditions won’t be a bother to us anymore.

图表作文写作指导 (4)

图表作文是近年来高考常考的题型之一。图表作文的体裁多为议论文、应用文和说明文，内容多涉及前后变化对比、正反观点对比或产品介绍等。要求考生通过数据、文字内容分析，系统准确地表达出图表含义，并得出令人信服的结论。 一、图表作文的命题形式 1．表格式

将统计的数据或被说明的对象直接用表格形式体现出来，即统计表。这类题型一般以说明文和议论文居多，往往是介绍、说明某种情况或辩论某种观点、看法，但有时也可能是记叙文。 2．图像式

可分为以曲线形式表示数据变化的线形图、以条形形式表示数据大小或数量之间差异的条形图，以圆内扇形面积的大小表示总体中部分结构变化的圆形图等。这类题型一般以说明文居多，是一些关于生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。 二、图表作文的应试策略

1．审读图表前的文字说明，弄清图表的性质，做到“四确定”。首先，确定文章的体裁；其次，确定文章的结构；再次，确定文章的时态；最后，确定文章的人称。

2．审读图表后的要求，寻找做题规律，要注意以下几个方面： (1)词数：100左右。

(2)开头或结尾已给出，这就要求考生首先不能另行开头或结尾；其次，要细读所给语句的人称、时态和语言的表达风格，力求前后一致。

(3)内容完整，即要点齐全，写作时要注意详略得当和准确全面。

(4)行文连贯。行文必须做到形连和意连。形连要力求自我特色词汇的使用，以增加得分“亮点”。意连要求能涵盖高考书面表达中各种文体常用的一些特色词汇，如however；besides；instead；in the meanwhile；for instance；on the contrary；worse still；in conclusion；all of a sudden；as a matter of fact等，这样才能写出好文章。

(5)注意句式的变化，力求在语言表达正确的基础上追求句式变换，确保语言表达的高级性。常见写作技巧主要包括：简单句与复合句的交替使用；主动语态为主，适度穿插被动语态；大胆使用平行结构；适当调整句中定语、状语的位置，使句子表达多样化；三大从句与三种非谓语动词灵活使用；特殊句式(如强调句、感叹句、疑问句、省略句)点缀其间等。

假设你是李华，正在英国牛津参加短期的语言培训，计划星期天去伦敦旅游。互联网上的一则广告引起了你的注意，但一些具体信息不明确(箭头所指内容)。请给该旅行社发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况。

注意：1.词数100左右，信的格式已为你写好；

2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．参考词汇：牛津Oxford；费用fee。 Dear Sir/Madam，

________________________ Yours， Li Hua

案例分析⊙

这是一篇典型的图表式作文，要求写一封电子邮件，询问旅行社有关一则广告的情况。细读图表和文字提示可知本文是一篇应用文，时态以一般现在时为主，人称为第一人称。本文内容要点包括：开头语；学生票价；费用是否包含景点门票、午餐；牛津的时间；是否有购物时间等，并稍加评论。 Dear Sir/Madam，

I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London.

As a student at Oxford University，I’d like to know if you have any special price for students.As for the money you charge，does it cover the entrance fees for visiting the places listed？What about lunch？Is it included？Or do I need to bring along my own food？How long will the tour last？Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day，I’d like to know the time to return.Besides，is there any time for shopping? I really want to have a look at the big stores in London. Yours， Li Hua

请根据图表所示，就某城市空气污染的状况写一篇英文报道，并提出一两条改进建议。

注意：1.词数100左右。首句已给出，不计入总词数；

2．参考词汇：车辆vehicle。

With the development of industry，air pollution is getting more and more serious.___________________

【参考答案】

With the development of industry，air pollution is getting more and more serious.In this city，many people suffer from different kinds of illness because of air pollution.

Air pollution is caused by the following reasons.About half of the problem is caused by vehicles.There are more and more cars and buses on the road，which give off poisonous gases.35% of air pollution is caused by factories.Another factor is smoking.Smoking does harm to others’

health as well as to that of the smokers.Besides，about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.

We should take some measures to fight against pollution.New fuel can be used to take the place of gas.We can plant more trees，grass and flowers.All in all，if everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop pollution，the problem will be solved.

写作指导 (5)

开放作文

开放作文与传统意义上的书面表达是形似而神不似，是一种全新的书面表达形式。随着高考英语改革进程的不断深入与发展，相信英语书面表达的命题形式也会日趋灵活与开放。开放作文更能反映出考生的真实写作水平。 1．开放作文的命题特点 (1)自由发挥的空间大

开放作文属于非控制性写作或非任务型写作，即主要根据文字提示、图画展示或表格列举等形式设题，留有一定的空间让考生自由发挥。

(2)能力要求拔高

开放作文对考生的能力要求较高，考查也更全面。它不仅考查考生的语言表达能力、语言组织能力，而且还考查考生的逻辑思维能力、发散思维能力、想像能力以及多角度考虑问题的能力。

2．开放作文的写作步骤

(1)认真审题，把握要求，找准关键句 (2)依据主线，草拟提纲，梳理文章脉络 (3)定位人称，确立时态，遣词造句组篇章 ①开放作文通常以提供一个故事材料为主，人称的使用较为灵活，考生应该依据文章提示准确定位人称。

②确定人称、时态后，考生应将重点放在文章的遣词造句上。考生应尽可能运用自己熟悉的单词、短语或句型来灵活表达。

请根据下面的英文短诗，展开适当的想像，写一篇短文。标题为：My Teacher Mr Moore There’s a teacher Mr Moore， Who is lovely and thirtyfour， Always encouraging us to try， He leads us to a world of “why”． We all admire him more and more. 注意：1.不得照抄短诗原文；

2．必须结合短诗的内容，发挥想像，适当展开； 3．必须突出短诗的主题，结构完整，语意连贯； 4．短文不能写成诗歌形式； 5．词数：120左右。 案例分析⊙

要写好开放作文，考生首先要具备对文字的理解能力。本题所给材料是一首英文短诗，这首短诗的第一句引出了要描写的人物，接下来应展开合理想像，向人们展示所要描写人物的形象和特征。短诗的后三句对人物的内在品质进行了准确的概括。

My Teacher Mr Moore

Of all my teachers，Mr Moore is the one who impresses me most.Though he is 34，he looks very young for his age.And he’s one of the most popular teachers in our school.

Compared with other teachers，Mr Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.He tries various ways to make his classes lively and interesting.In his opinion，we should not only know “what”，but also understand “why”．So，instead of giving us answers immediately，he encourages us to think by ourselves whenever he puts forward questions.With his help，we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.What a wonderful world of “why” he leads us to! He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.

请你根据所给材料、提纲以及要求写一篇英文稿件。 背景材料：

注意：1.短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)； 2．内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯； 3．书写须清晰、工整。

提纲：

第1段：Lora利用暑假打工的理由； 第2段：Lora父母不同意的理由； 第3段：你给Lora的具体建议。 I think that Lora wants

to

work

parttime

for

these

reasons.________________________________________________________________________

【参考答案】

I think that Lora wants to work parttime for these reasons.First，she can make some pocket money to meet her daily needs and thus develop a sense of independence.Second，she can learn how to deal with various problems in the workplace.Third，she can build up new friendships and improve her social skills.

But her parents may regard learning as an increasingly important task for Lora.This holiday should be a catchup time for independent study.Besides，personal safety may also be one of their major considerations.

My advice for Lora is this：make a detailed plan for her study and work；ask her friends to work together with her，and tell her parents that she can manage things properly.I wish Lora a pleasant summer.

写作指导 (6)

记叙文

1．记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物发展变化的过程为主的一种文体。 2．在记叙文体的高考书面表达中，命题形式主要是提纲式或图画式。

3．通常要求考生以第一人称或第三人称来写作，第一人称主要是写自己的经历，第三人称主要是写他人的经历或事迹。

4．由于记叙文叙述的事情通常发生在过去，因而，其时态主要用一般过去时。

5．记叙文通常是按照事情发生的先后顺序来表达内容的。 下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历。请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称的口吻用英语写一篇短文。

注意：1.短文必须包括所有图片的主要内容，内容要连贯、完整； 2．词数：100左右。开头已给出，但不计入总词数。

案例分析⊙

由题目要求可知，要求考生以记叙文的形式进行描述，即李明的爷爷从养鸟到放鸟整件事情的经过。既为经过，说明事情已经发生，当然要用一般过去时，人称要用第三人称。至于写作顺序，从图片的安排次序可知应从养鸟到放鸟，即事情发生的先后顺序来写。另外，英语写作也不像平常的语文写作，词数的要求(按100词左右)限制了较复杂写作手法的使用。

One Sunday morning，Li Ming and his grandpa were feeding the bird in the cage.The bird was unhappy though it had enough food and water.Li Ming did not know why. The next morning on his way to school，Li Ming saw some birds flying in the sky.Then he thought of the lonely bird in the cage.He decided to persuade his grandpa to set the bird free.When he got home，he said to his grandpa，“Birds also need friends！” To his delight，his grandpa agreed. The bird was set free.Grandpa and the children were very happy to see the bird flying away into the sky.

某英语报刊的一个栏目以“谈谈发生在身边的故事”为主题展开征文活动。你校最近举办了一场校运会，请你讲述在校运会期间发生在李华同学身上的一件感人的事。根据下列图片，描述事情的经过并简单发表你的看法。

注意：1.词数：100左右。文章的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．参考词汇：勇气杯 Courage Cup。

Never Give Up

When Li Hua decided to take part in the 3,000metre race，everyone was very surprised. ________________________________________________________________________

【参考答案】

Never Give Up

When Li Hua decided to take part in the 3,000metre race，everyone was very surprised.One of his classmates said，“Li Hua，you are not strong enough to run the 3,000 metres.”But Li Hua said，“I don’t think I will win，but I’m determined to finish it.”

During the race，each step seemed difficult for Li Hua.Suddenly he fell，breaking his glasses and his chance of winning the race.But he didn’t give up.He stood up，put on his broken glasses and kept on running.“Come on，Li Hua.You can do it！” Everyone on the sports field was cheering for him.Although Li Hua was the last one to cross the finishing line，he won the Courage Cup with honor.

I was deeply touched by Li Hua’s great determination.In my mind，winning in life shouldn’t be measured by the final score；it should be based on how you play the game.

写作指导 (7)

说明文

1．说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。

2．在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。

3．它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。 4．这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。

根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。

注意：1.词数：100左右；

2．参考词汇：通讯communicate (with sb.)vi.，communication n．；互联网the Internet n．。 案例分析⊙

从材料的呈现方式(两幅图对比)及材料所提出的要求“描述变化及影响”可知，本文应该用说明文体来写作。时态的把握是本文的一大难点，一般情况下，说明文应用一般现在时，但本文描述的是今昔通讯方式的变化，所以在描写过去通讯方式的时候要用一般过去时，例如：

In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone及

It used__to__take several days to hear from each other.在描写过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响时，谓语动词要用现在完成时，例如本文的起始句可用“Great changes have__taken__place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years”及讲述影响的过渡句“With these changes，people’s pace of life has__been__quickened__and people’s work has__been__made more efficient ”。 相对来说，本文用第三人称容易把握。

Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years. In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time.What’s more，people have easy access to the Internet，which enables them to send and receive emails whenever they like.With these changes，people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient.It used to take several days to hear from each other，but now it takes only several minutes，even if they are in two different continents.

In a word，people have an easier life nowadays.

有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Jack第一次从美国来北京做客，想尝尝北京风味，你首选烤鸭。请根据下表所提供的材料，向Jack介绍北京烤鸭(Beijing Roast Duck)。

注意：1.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

2．词数：100左右。第一句已经写好，但不计入总词数。

Beijing Roast Duck has the reputation of the most delicious food in Beijing.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

【参考答案】

Beijing Roast Duck has the reputation of the most delicious food in Beijing.Eating it is a mustdo while you are here.Ducks are slowly roasted over flames by fruittree wood，which you actually can see with your own eyes in the restaurant.Among all the restaurants that offer Beijing Roast Duck，Quan Ju De Restaurant，which has a long history of 130 years，and Bian Yi Fang Restaurant，opened in 1833，are the most famous.At table the cook helps you cut the meat into slices.Then the meat is served with green onion and a special kind of sauce.The best roast duck is datered，shining with oil.It has a crisp skin and tender meat.I am sure you’ll never forget the taste once you’ve tried it.

写作指导 (8) 议论文

1．议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种文体，它通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来辨明是非曲直，从而表达出作者的观点。它常由论点、论据和论证三部分构成。

2．它要求语言必须简练、准确，要尽可能避免使用口语，多用书面语，可适当使用名言警句；以议论为主，辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。

3．写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论，即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。根据题目要求，有时需要从正反两方面来论述，可增强论证的力度。最后，可得出结论，照应开头，形成一个有机的整体。

4．写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。 优点 缺点 呆在家中 花费少、舒适方便 不能亲身了解外界 外出旅游 增长知识、开阔眼界 花费多、旅途不便 暑假即将来临，你班同学就假期计划进行讨论，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。

注意：1.词数：80～120(不含已写好部分)；

2．短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述； 3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 4．参考词汇：眼界horizon (或view)。

The summer holiday is coming.Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the

holiday.

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________. 案例分析⊙

这是一篇典型的议论文体的写作，它以表格的形式提出了论点(呆在家中的优点和缺点及外出旅游的优点和缺点)和论据，还以文字提示形式提出了话题(假期计划)及需要考生自由发挥的部分(你的看法)，自己的看法可选择上述中的任何一种，并就此发表个人的见解。本文的重点是表格中两种方式的优、缺点，根据题目的特点，以三段式的形式来写作比较好。 根据内容，尽管讨论已经发生，但它是就一般的暑假假期计划而进行的讨论，没有特定的时间界限，因而考生应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。相当一部分考生用一般过去时进行论述，这会失掉较多的分数。从题目所给的开头可知应用第一人称来写。

The summer holiday is coming.Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.

Some are in favor of staying at home.They think it’s both convenient and comfortable.What’s more，they can save money for other purposes.But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.However，others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons.But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.

In my opinion，it would be much better to stay at home，for I can do what I like，such as reading books，watching TV，and helping my parents with the housework.

近年来，禽流感频发，一些国家在疫区大肆捕杀鸟类。对此，你们班召开了主题班会，讨论结果如下： 赞成捕杀者认为 反对捕杀者认为 你的态度 1.防止病毒扩散、威胁1.捕杀鸟类，不公平，太人类健康 残忍 ？ 2.疫区扩大，不容易控制 2.应尽快找到疫苗

注意：1.为使行文流畅，应适当增加细节，不能逐条翻译；

2．词数：120左右；

3．参考词汇：禽流感bird flu；家禽poultry；病毒virus；疫苗vaccine。

【参考答案】

In recent years，bird flu has frequently broken out in many countries and some of them have killed birds on a large scale in affected areas.In view of this action，our class have held a meeting to have a discussion about whether to kill them or not.

Some think it is necessary to kill all the birds.At present it is a good way to prevent the deadly virus from spreading and harming people’s health.The more the virus spreads to，the more

difficult it is to conquer.However，others think it is unfair and awfully cruel to do so just for the benefit of human beings.Finding the vaccine as soon as possible is the most important thing.

As far as I’m concerned，catching and killing birds is not necessary.It may cause the birds to die out.After all，birds are friends to us human beings.

写作指导 (9) 应用文——日 记

日记是用来叙述一天生活中所发生的事情或用来抒发自己对当天某些事情的感受以及将来的打算的一种应用文体。写好英文日记要注意以下几点：

1．日记的格式：主要指日期、天气情况和正文。日期一般写在正文的左上角，它包括年、月、日和星期几，天气情况一般写在正文的右上角，常用词汇有：sunny，fine，rainy，windy，cloudy，snowy等。

2．日记的时态：由于日记是对当天所发生事情的回顾，故常用一般过去时。在发表议论或感想时，也可使用现在完成时或一般将来时。

3．日记的人称：因为日记是记载自己的亲身经历，故应用第一人称，语言尽量口语化，按照事情发生的先后顺序，清楚、准确、连贯地把事情表达出来。

2009年5月3日，你参观了一个农场。请根据下列图画用英语写一篇日记。

注意：1.日记须包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使日记连贯； 2．词数：100左右。

案例分析⊙

本文是一篇看图作文，考查从图中获取信息及写作日记文体的能力。根据题目要求可知写作要点如下： 1． 集合，出发；2.到达；3.参观；4.野餐；5.娱乐；6.告别。

May 3,2009 SundayFine

Today we visited a farm.Early in the morning，we met at the school gate and went there together.The farm workers gave us a warm welcome.Then the head of the farm showed us around.How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well.At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.After a short rest，we had great fun singing and dancing，telling jokes or stories.Two of us even played a game of chess.The time passed quickly.Before we knew it，we had to say goodbye to the workers.

假如某英文杂志将举办“中学生一日行”征文活动，请写一篇英文日记来参与这项活动。包括如下要点：

1．时间：2009年12月10日，星期日；

2．为了能在西湖上泛舟，你和你的同学一大早就赶到了西湖公园；

3．后来在湖边捡到一个精美的背包，内有照相机、护照以及一大笔钱；

4．在警察的帮助下，用了两个半小时你才找到了失主：一位外国朋友(Mr Woodhead)； 5．外国朋友很感激； 6．你的感受。

注意：1.不要逐条翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2．词数：100左右。 【参考答案】

December 10,2009 SundayFine

The students in our class planned to go outing to the Xihu Park.We got there early in the morning so that we could row boats on the Xihu Lake.But as soon as we arrived at the lake，we found a nice bag with a camera，a passport and a lot of money in it.With the help of a policeman we found the owner，Mr Woodhead，a foreign friend after two and a half hours.Seeing his bag，he was very glad and grateful to us.Though we didn’t row boats on the lake，we were very happy to help others.

写作指导 (10) 应用文——书 信

英文书信一般分为商业信函(Business Letters)和私人书信(Personal Letters)两种，而高考书面表达一般都是要求写私人书信。它包括五部分，即信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名，具体如下：

1．信头：寄信人的地址和写信日期，写在信的右上角。注意英语中地名的写法与中文不同，要从小到大；日期的写法也与中文不同，不是写在签名之下，而是写在寄信人的地址之下。习惯上人们采用美式英语表达，即月、日、年，月，日与年之间用逗号隔开，月份尽量不要缩写，如June 8,2009；而英式英语表达则为日、月、年，中间不用逗号隔开，如8 June 2009。 2．称呼：自成一行，顶格写。称呼语常用：Dear Sir/Madam/Manager/Editor/friends/Bob，称呼之后一般用逗号。

3．正文：信件的主体部分即为信的正文。正文写在称呼的下一行，与Dear后第一个单词对

齐。正文通常包括三部分，即开头、目的和结尾。正文的开头语常用：Thank you for your last letter asking about...；I’m glad to...。正文的结尾语是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的结尾语有：I’m looking forward to your reply；Thanks and all the best；Best wishes；Wishing you a pleasant journey。

4．结束语：结束语与正文的结尾语不一样，它要写在结尾语的下一行，位于书信的右下角，后面用逗号。常用的结束语有：Yours sincerely/faithfully/truly；Sincerely/Truly yours；Yours等。

5．签名：签名写在结束语的下一行，与结束语对齐，也就是签上写信人的名字。 一封正规的私人书信格式如下： Dear David，

I’ve learned it from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.

_________________________________________________I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua

假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将于九月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据图画提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告知住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。

注意：1.词数：100左右； 2．参考词汇：房租rent (n.)。

案例分析⊙

这是一篇看图作文，要求以书信的形式介绍写作内容，题目中没有开头和结尾，因而需要考生自己写出一篇完整的书信。写作要点如下： 1．回顾对方上次来信所提之事；

2．租房的内部结构：卧室及其设备、浴室、厨房；

3．面积、房租；

4．租房所处地理位置：靠近芳草街，下一站为建新华文学校，乘11路公共汽车可到达； 5．书信的基本格式。 Dear Bob，

I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September.I’ve found a place for you.

It’s a small flat of 25 square metres, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.In the bedroom there is a bed，a sofa，a desk and a chair.The rent is 500 yuan per month.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street，which is from Jianxin Chinese School.Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school.In fact，it is only one stop.

Do you think you’d like it？If not，I can try and find another place for you.Just let me know. Yours， Li Hua

假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。

赞成迁出 反对迁出 1.游客多，交通堵塞 1.建于1906年，中外闻名 2.郊区环境好 2.搬迁易造成动物死亡

注意：1.词数：100左右，信的开头和结尾已为你写好； 2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．参考词汇：郊区suburb。 June 3,2010 Dear Editor，

Recently，our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.

________________________________________________________________________ Yours truly， Li Hua

【参考答案】

June 3,2010 Dear Editor，

Recently，our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.

Some of my classmates are in favor of the move.They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams.They also say that once moved，animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs.However，other students are against the idea，saying that the Beijing Zoo，built in 1906，has a history of more than 100 years，and is wellknown at home and abroad.So it should remain where it is. What’s more，moving may cause the death of some animals.To move or not，this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing. Yours truly， Li Hua