第I卷（103分）
I. Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At the bus station. C. At the post office. 2. A. Librarian and reader. C. Boss and secretary. 3. A. It is quite interesting. C. It isn't worth seeing. 4. A. To complain about her heater. C. To get some electric power. 5. A. To postpone his schedule. C. To stay in the spare room. 6. A. Accident victims. C. Plane crashes.
7. A. He has some trouble with his computer. C. He hasn't registered for a proper course. 8. A. She went out of the way to meet the man. C. She took the man where he wanted to go.
B. At the airport. D. At the bank. B. Teacher and student. D. Shop-assistant and customer. B. It's time-consuming. D. It is very expensive. B. To go over for the heater. D. To have her heater repaired. B. To book in another hotel. D. To reserve a room in advance. B. Rescue work. D. Crash survivors.
B. He isn't getting along well with the staff. D. He can't apply the theory to his program. B. She was pleased to talk with the man. D. She missed the chance to help the man.
9. A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret. B. Lucy hasn't got any promise from Smith. C. They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party. D. There's no secret between Smith and Lucy.
10. A. Volunteers have to connect the community. B. The man has no time to do voluntary work. C. Voluntary work requires devotion of time. D. Many people have signed up for voluntary work. Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three question on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Nick lost the book Ivan borrowed from the library. B. The book Ivan borrowed from Nick was missing. C. Nick and Ivan had conflicts in Ms. Salmon's class. D. Ivan was asked to return the book before finishing it. 12. A. She asked Nick and Ivan to solve the problem by themselves. B. She gave Nick and Ivan the solution to their problem immediately. C. She asked students in social studies class to help solve the problem. D. She persuaded Ivan to pay for the book that Nick lent to him. 13. A. A good way to resolve conflicts is to turn to your best friends. B. Nick and Ivan were unsatisfied with the solution to their problem. C. Signing an agreement helped to solve Nick and Ivan's problem. D. Social studies class can equip students with skills to resolve conflicts. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbor's. B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard. C. She was going to make the rented house her own home. D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely. 15. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work. B. By picking up mails for their neighbors.
C. By keeping an eye on their neighbors' children. D. By planting trees along the street with others. 16. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighborhood. B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbors. C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard. D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community. Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Memo about Students' Essay Writing Name: Mary Essay topic: the ____17 industry Strengths: ____18 well with statistics; interested in computer modeling Problems: lack of ____19 information; poor at ____20 . Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Why couldn't the tourists go out into the ocean as planned? What are the tourists likely to find in the water near the mouth of the bay? When can the tourists take a comfortable Because of ____2l in the area. ____22 bath in the bubbling hot water? How long will the trip last? Before ____23_____ ____24____ Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
(A)
We had to climb right up the hill , which is very steep, and ,when close under it , it seemed to be high, but we soon reached the top . When we were there, we had lost sight of the lake; and now our road was over a wild land.____25_____(go) a little way, we saw before us , at the distance of about half a mile, a very large stone building, with a high wall round it , neither field nor tree near. The wild land was overgrown with grey grass that cattle might feed upon. We could not tell ___26_____ this building was. It appeared ___27____ _______ it had been built strong to defend from storms; but for what purpose? William called out to us that we should observe that place well, for it was exactly like one of the shelters of the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), ___28____(build) for the reception of travelers, and indeed I had thought it ____29_____ be so. This building, from its singular structure and appearance, made the place , which is itself in a country ____30_____ Scotland, remarkable.
When we ___31____(pass) it and looked back, three pyramidal mountains on the opposite side of Lock Lomond ended the view, ____32_____ in certain kind of weather might be very grand. Our highland companion had not got enough English to give us any information concerning this srange building . What we could only get from her was that it was a \"large house\
plain enough.
(B)
All plants need water to grow. Watering plants seems like a simple task but it actually requires many considerations. For example , plants growing in areas with low rainfall or areas ____33___(expose) to dry wind require more water. On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ___34_____(frequent) watering . The watering of plants should not be viewed as a minor process in gardening ___35______ this task plays an extremely important role in ensuring healthy plant growth.
Let's first take a closer look at plants growing in gardens. Since watering is a critical gardening task, ____36___ accessible water supply is vital. A garden tap with a hose of sufficient length to reach the furthest part of the garden ____37_____(prefer). This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little ____38____very frequently. This is undesirable as it encourages shallow root growth. In addition, watering in full sun causes leaves to lose water quickly from the surface of the soil. Therefore, some experts recommend ____39______(install) an automatic watering system. As for plants growing in pots or containers, they tend to lose water rapidly. One way to reduce such a risk is ____40_____(group) the plants close together to keep moisture. Try to move them to a shady place if you are away from home for a few days. Otherwise, you will return home to see your plants dead.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be
used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. security B. represented C. delete D. respect E. violent F. disorderly G. wonder H. withdraw I. agreeable J. knocked K. enjoyment The fortunate people in the world, the only really fortunate people in the world in my mind, are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often ____41____ to be, and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this ____42 at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not ____43____ that others tend to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions (流露) of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of ____44____ and even a holiday is almost deprivation (丧失). Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at the table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible ____45 plenty of nice white paper and a pen is true happiness. With the complete absorption of the mind upon a(n) ____46 occupation, what more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The bottom may be____47 clean out of the American market. The heathen (异教徒) may show ___48 anger in every part of the globe. Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will ____49 ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and ____50____ world.
III. Reading Comprehension Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,
C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American economic analyst declared, \"Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into habits, that we seek our __51___ satisfaction, our self-satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced at an ever ___52___ rate.\" Americans have __53____ to the call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even deeply rooted in social ___54__. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies, Japan and the United States, show consumerist definitions of success becoming very popular.
Over consumption by the fortunate in the world is an environmental problem ___55___ in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their increasing exploitation of resources __56___ to exhaust or unalterably spoils forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically (有讽刺意味的), high consumption may be a __57___ blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been ___58___ in the rush to riches.
Thus, many people in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow. With the __59____ of a consumerist culture, they also think that they have been ___60__ attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
___61___, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no ___62___ to either environmental or human problems. It is much worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Peasants who have nothing left cut-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民) turn their animals out onto African grassland, reducing it to ___63____.
If environmental ___64___ results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more ___65___ to add noticeably to human satisfaction?
51. A. natural B. spiritual C. cultural D. actual 52. A. promising B. promoting C. falling D. increasing
53. A. proved B. returned C. responded D. persevered 54. A. values B. moralities C. identities D. problems 55. A. qualified B. unmatched C. compared D. unprocessed 56. A. happens B. manages C. starts D. threatens 57. A. mixed B. detected C. counted D. terrified 58. A. promoted B. sacrificed C. satisfied D. relieved 59. A. improving B. neglecting C. sponsoring D. misleading 60. A. fruitlessly B. successfully C. occasionally D. eagerly 61. A. As a result B. For instance C. Of course D. From then on 62. A. solution B. pollution C. consideration D. contribution 63. A. attraction B. rubbish C. homeland D. desert 64. A. construction B. destruction C. development D. improvement 65. A. remain B. occur C. cease D. happen
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loosel relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city
dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
66. According to the paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________ .
A) tended to acqaint themselves with people passing by
B) could not develop very close relationships wth others C) bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives D) usually had more friends than small-town residents
67. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________ . A. suffer fron the lack of friendship
B. lower the quality of relationships
C. show little concern for other people D. become suspicious of each other
68.We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is,__________ A) the more open-minded people are
B. the more similar its interests is
C) the more likely it it to display stress D) the better its quality of life is
69. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns
B. Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and towns C The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. D The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering.
(B)
TRAIN TRAVEL INFORMATION
We offer several distinct options for you to choose the ticket that suits you best.
TICKET TYPE Standard returns Same day returns Children Students Senior citizens Group(10-25 people) Globe-trotter tickets DISCOUNT 20% 25% 40% 25% 25% 15% NOTE Return with 60 days of outward trip Ticket cannot be altered or refunded Children between 4 and 11 Students card must be shown Seniors card must be shown Discount on each section of the trip Railpass, Tourist card, Econopass Only one discount may apply to each fare. CHANGES AND REFUNDS
Tickets may be refunded not later 5 minutes before the departure of the train for a charge of 15% of the ticket price, or the journey may be changed to another day for a charge of 10% of the ticket price. (Not applicable to same day returns.) CHANGES FOR SAME DAY TRAVEL
You may change your ticket once without charge for a journey on the same day as the original ticket.
INFORMATION OF INTEREST TO TRAVELLERS
When you buy your ticket, it is up to you to check that the dates and time of the journey on it are exactly as you requested.
Tickets control and access to each train platform will be open until 2 minutes before departure of the train.
Each traveler may take one suitcase and one item of hand luggage. You may also check in 15kgs of luggage not later than 30 minutes before departure, at no extra charge.
If you would like to charter a train, or make reservations for over 25 passengers traveling together, call the Sales Department.
OUR TIMETABLE IS GUARANTEED
If the arrival of your train at you destination is delayed by more than 5 minutes according to the timetable, we will refund the full price of your ticket if the delay is caused by our company.
70.How much will a passenger pay if he wants to alter his ticket to three days later? A.25% of the original price B.20% of the original price C.15% of the original price D.10% of the original price 71.The limit of luggage for a single passenger is . A.One suitcase, one handbag and one 15kgs check-in luggage B.One handbag, two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage. C.One handbag and two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage. D.One suitcase, one handbag and one 30kgs check-in luggage. 72.What does the Train Company guarantee?
A.Students,children,senior citizens and groups can get 25% discount of the original price. B.Passengers get the full price of the tickets back if the train if delayed over five minutes. C.Same-day-returns can be fully refunded if they are canceled two minutes before departure. D.People with Globe-trotter tickets can take any kind of the discounts listed in the brochure.
(C)
How do predators (猎食动物) affect populations of the prey (猎物) animals? The answer is not as simple as might be thought. The Moose(麋鹿) reached Isle Royale in Lake Superior by crossing over winter ice and bred freely there in isolation without predators. When wolves later reached the island, naturalists widely assumed that the wolves would play a key role in controlling the moose population. Careful studies have demonstrated, however, that this is not the case. The wolves eat mostly old or diseased animals that would not survive long anyway. In general, the moose population is controlled by food availability, disease and other factors rather than by wolves. When experimental populations are set up under simple laboratory conditions, the predator often wipes out its prey and then becomes extinct itself. However, if safe areas like those prey animals have in the wild are provided, the prey population drops to low level but not extinction. Low prey population levels then provide inadequate food for the predators, causing the predator population to decrease. When this occurs, the prey population can rebound. In this situation the predator and prey population may continue in this cyclical pattern for some time.
Population cycles are characteristic of small mammals, and they sometimes appear to be brought about by predators. Ecologists studying hare populations have found that the North American snowshoe hare follows a roughly ten-year cycle. Its numbers fall tenfold to thirty in a typical cycle, and a hundredfold change can occur. Two factors appear to be generating the cycle: food plants and predators.
The preferred foods of snowshoe hares are tender willow branches. As the hare population increases, the quantity of these branches decreases, forcing the hares to feed on low-quality high-fiber food. Lower birth rates and low growth rates follow, so there is a corresponding decline in hare abundance. Once the hare population has declined, it takes two to three year for the quantity of branches to recover.
A key predator of the snowshoe hare is the Canada lynx. The Canada lynx shows a ten-year cycle of abundance(大量) that parallels the abundance cycle of hares. As hare numbers fall, so do lynx numbers, as their food supply decreased.
Predators are an essential factor in maintaining communities that are rich and diverse in species. Without predators, the species that is the best competitor for food, shelter, and other environmental resources tends to dominate and exclude the species with which it competes. This phenomenon is known as “competitor exclusion”. However, if the community contains a predator
of the strongest competitor species, then the population of that competitor is controlled. Thus even the less competitive species are able to survive. From the stand point of diversity(多样性), it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community.
73. The author uses the example of the moose and wolves on Isle Royale to _________________.
A. provide evidence that predators influence prey populations B. question the belief in the effect of predators on prey populations C. demonstrate predator population grows faster than that of the prey D. prove that studies of isolated populations tend to be useful
74. The word “rebound” in the passage is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. React B. Resist C. Remain D. Recover
75. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Laboratory results can’t explain the changes in predator and prey populations of the wild. B. The growth of hare population may lead to a corresponding increase in its birth rates. C. The experimental environments can promote the growth of predator and prey populations. D. The existence of a major predator in a community is a threat to the diversity of species.
76. What can we conclude from the passage about the cycle of the Canada lynx?
A. When hare numbers decrease, lynx numbers increase. B. It has a great effect on the number of snowshoe hare. C. It closely follows the cycle of the snowshoe hare. D. It is not directly related to the availability of lynx food.
77. What is the best title of this passage?
A. What role predators play in keeping competitor species. B. Whether predators have an impact on prey populations. C. A study of the populations of the predator and prey animals. D. Contributing factors of the changes in animal populations.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
The herds of bulls and horses depicted running along the walls of the Lascaux caves in France are among the most magnificent examples of prehistoric art ever discovered.
Courage is a quality we cherish. Yet only lately has it been studied systematically to try to define what it is and is not, where it comes from and why we love it so much. \"Courage helps to define the excellent person,\" write George Kateb, a political theorist at Princeton University. \"One of the worst criticism in the world is to be called a coward, a quite timid person.\"
For many people, courage is most readily displayed in battle; for example, the brave soldier running into the line of fire to rescue the injured.
Yet George Kateb says that if courage finds its highest expression in war, then the trait (特性) becomes immoral, ennobling killing by insisting that only in battle can people discover the depths of their nobility. Thus, it makes killing a noble thing.
Stanley J Rachman of the University of British Columbia studies paratroopers (伞兵) preparing for their first jump. The work revealed three different groups: the fearless who jumped without hesitation; the timid whose fear kept them from jumping; and finally, the ones who reacted physiologically like the timid but acted like the fearless leaper, and jumped.
Rachman considered the final group courageous, defining courage as \"a behavioral approach in spite of the experience of fear\". Thus, courage becomes the property of anyone who does something that he or she fears.
In interviewing 320 children aged from 8 to 13, Peter Muris of Erasmus University, Rotterdam, of the Netherlands and his colleagues found that children also consider courage as the conquering of one's fears; and more than 70% claimed they had performed brave acts, including stealing money from one's mother's purse.
Joel Berger, a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society in Montana, US, also distinguishes between animals that behave bravely due to a lack of awareness and experience, and those that are aware of a danger but proceed anyway.
He recalled the time he and his colleagues had cornered a young bison (野牛) to take blood samples. At that time, an adult male bison was standing guard, refusing to let the scientists approach. \"He knew that he could be attacked by us,\" said Berger. \"I'd call this a courageous, even heroic act.\" 78. What does George Kateb think of courage?
79. Why did Rachman think that the third group were courageous?
80. Peter Muris found that most children demonstrated their courage _______________________ . 81. The writer uses the example of an adult bison to _______________________ .
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS)
II卷（共47分）
I．Translation(22分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 人们越来越依赖互联网。（dependent）
2. 他有远大抱负，要成为一名宇航员。（ambition）
3. 这款手机一上市就吸引了世界各地的年轻人。 （Hardly） 4. 你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见嫌犯实施犯罪？ (it)
5. 她一直犹豫是否要做手术，直到医生确切地告诉她到目前为止手术没有失败过时，才下决心做手术。 （assure）
II. Guided Writing（25分）
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150words according to the instructions. 你是李华，为解决你所在的学校公益社团(public welfare society)的资金短缺问题，请给全校学生写一封募捐信，募集5000元善款。信中必须包括： 1. 向全校的捐款号召。 2. 你发起这一活动的理由。 3. 你准备怎样使用善款的计划。
（文中不得出现考生姓名，学校等任何真实信息）
长宁区2015高三英语二模试卷
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension (30 分)
1----5 BDCDB 6---10 BDCAC （1—10 每题1分） 11-13 BCD 14--16 CAD （11—16 每题2分） （17—24 每题1分，任何一词拼错扣1分）
17. fishing 18. coping （cope认可） 19. background
20. note-taking （没连字号扣半分） 21. strong winds （the strong wind 认可） whales （没写出killer或没加复数扣半分）
23. the return trip （没有the不扣分） 24. （for）three /3 hours （加for不扣分）
22. killer II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分, 每题1分） 25. Having gone / Going 26. what 29. must 30. like
27. as if /as though
28. built
31. passed /had passed 32. which
35. as /for/ because/since 36.an
40. to group
33. exposed 34. less frequent 37. is preferred
38. but 39. installing
41--50 B D G K A I J E H F III. Reading Comprehension （47分）
（51—65 每题1分） 51—65 BDCAB DABDA CADBC
（66—81 每题2分）66---69 BCAB 70—72 DA B 73—77 BDACB 78. Courage helps define the excellent person. 79. Because they conquered their fears and jumped. Because they jumped in spite of / despite their fears 80. by performing bravely and blindly.
81. illustrate / show / prove that animals are also courageous. illustrate / show / prove that animals also have courage.
Illustrate /show (that) some animals still proceed despite / in spite of / facing / faced with danger
第II卷
I. Translation （22分）
1. People have become /been more and more dependent on the Internet. … are becoming…
2. He has a great ambition to be / of being / of becoming an astronaut.
3. Hardly had this kind of cell phone been put / been launched on the market when it attracted/drew/appealed to young people all over/across / throughout the world.
4. Was it in the newly opened restaurant that you witnessed / saw (that) the suspect committed the crime?
…saw the suspect commit / committing the crime…
5. She hesitated (whether)to take / have / receive the operation (or not), so she didn’t decide to take it/didn’t make up her mind（to take it）until her doctor assured her that this kind of operation had never failed/ had no case of the operation had ever failed.
II．Writing （25分）
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