高中现在完成时讲解与
练习(非常详细)
-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
现在完成时讲解与练习
一、 现在完成时的构成 1. 现在完成时结构：
主语+助动词have(has) +动词过去分词 否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t 一般疑问句：前提have/has
被动：have /has been +动词的现在分词 2．现在完成时的概念：
1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
--Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗？
--Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。 (现在我不饿了。)
I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)
2) 过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的
词）。
I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。 They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校，她就教我。 3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用：
1) 用于“过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果”的时间状语有：
already(已经→肯定句) yet(还;尚未→否/疑问句) -Has he phoned you yet- --No,not yet.
never(从未) ever(曾经→疑问句)Have you ever talked to him about it
just(刚刚) before(以前)
already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末； yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末； ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间； never意为“从来都没有”，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。Eg.I have never traveled by plane before.
- 2 -
before 意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Eg.I haven’t heard of it before. 2) 用于“过去发生的事，一直延续到现在”的时间状语有：
for + 时间段(for two years)
since two years ago
since + 时间点 since 2008
Since then since he came here.
so far(目前;迄今为止)
up to now=till now=by now到现在为止；直到现在
all the time 总是；一直 recently lately最近 these days 近几天 【by the end of…到…末/结束】by the end of this year 到今年年末 by the end of this month到本月末
during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中
in the last /past months在过去的几个月中 in the past/last few days/years 在过去的这几天
3) This/It is the first/second time + that从句 that从句要用现在完成时 This is the first time that I have come here.
4）在条件，时间，让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 3. have(has) been 和 have(has) gone 区分
1) have/ has gone (to) 表示某人已经去了某地，人不在这儿。 --Where is Jim
– He has gone to London. (人不在这儿，已去了London) 2) have/ has been (to) 表示曾经到过某地，但现在人已回来。
I have been to Shanghai twice. 我到过上海两次。（以前去的上海，现在人已回来） --Where have you been, Jim 吉姆，你去了哪里
--I have been to the library. 我去了图书馆。
后面还可以跟不定式
- 3 -
I’ve been to see my grandmother.(现已回来) She’s been to do some shopping. 3) have/has been in + 地点 (adv. 去to) 在某处呆过多长时间 (现在还在那里) How long have you been here/there I have been here/there for 10 years. 你在这里多长时间了 我在这里10年了。(现在还在)
Dashan has been in China since 20years ago. 大山自从20年前就在中国。(现在还在)
How long have been at this school I have been here for over two years. 你在这所学校多长时间了 我在这里两年多了。 (现在还在)
4.have got 的特殊用法： have got 在形式上时现在完成时，在意思上和have相同： Have you got (=Do you have)a timetable? She hasn’t got any relations. I’ve got another three minutes.
5.have got to 和have to 意思相同： have got to 和have to 意思相同： have got to =have to,表示“不得不”：
You’ve got to be careful. That’s what we’ve got to do. You’ve got to keep this in mind. 在口语中，have有时可以省略。
We got to make ends meet.我们得收支相抵。 二、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有任何关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。 （我了解这部电影的内容。）
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)
He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里） He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（不涉及现在他是否还住在这里） 把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并作回答。 1) I have already cleaned the room.
否定句: ____________________________________________________________
- 4 -
一般疑问句：_________________________________________________________
肯定回答：________________________ 否定回答:_________________________ 2) Jim has never been to Harbin.
一般疑问句：________________________________________
肯定回答：________________________ 否定回答:_________________________ 3)We have lived here since 2 years ago. 否定句: _________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对画线部分提问：
_________________________________________________________ 三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I _________________________________(learn) 2000 English words so far. 2. The old man _______________________________(live) here for 40 years. 3. I ________________________________(not see) you for ten years.
4. _____________________ you ____________________ (sweep) the floor today It is so dirty.
5. ______________________ he _____________________(spend) all his money Yes, he has.
四、短暂性动词与持续性动词 在现在完成时中的运用
在现在完成时中, 短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用。即:不与for, since短语或how long问句连用。
非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下述三种方法： a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
练习：将下列非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
buy ; borrow ; open ; close ； begin/start ;come ;go/leave ;finish ; died ;catch a cold ; put on ; get up ；wake up fall asleep ; lose ; join leave 1.He left his office 3 hours ago.
He from his office for 3 hours. It 3 hours since he left his office.
2.He has been dead 4 years. He ago.
- 5 -
It has been he died.
b.将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成
时。 Eg. I have been away from this school for eight years. I left this school eight years ago.
c .用句型“it is +一段时间+since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）”表示。如：It is two years since the old man died. 注意：瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。 如： [Exercises] Ture or False
He has come to Beijing since last year.( ) He has lived in Beijing since last year.( ) He has joined the army for 3 years.( ) He has served in the army for 3 years.( ) He joined the army 3 years ago. ( ) He has been a soldier for 3 years. ( ) It is 3 years since he joined the army. ( ) He has joined the army. ( )
短暂性动词与时间段连用时，要转化成表示状态的词或短语。 ★ leave—be away (from) 离开… 1. She __________________ (leave) home last week. 2. She has already________________ (leave) home.
3. She_________________________________ home for a week. A. has left B. left C. has been away D. has been away from
4. How long has she ________________________ home?
A. left B. leaved C. been away from ★ die v. —be dead adj. 死亡… 1. The old man is________________ . He_____________________ ten years ago. 2. He has_______________________________ for ten years. (die/dead填空) 3. ( ) How long has he___________________________
A. died B. been dead C. die D. been die ★ join—be in /be a member of 加入/成为… join the League 入团 join the Party 入党 join the army 参军 A: When did Zhao Lin __________________ the League
B: He______________ the League last year. He has ___________________the League for one year. ★ borrow/lend—keep 借用… 1. A: I____________________ a book from the library yesterday.
- 6 -
B: How long ___________ you____________________ it?
A: I can _______________ it for a week.
2. He ______________________ the dictionary since last week. A. borrowed B. has borrowed C. has kept D. kept ★ buy—have 买… 1. A: 我买了一辆自行车。I _____________ __________________a bike. B: 你买了多长时间了？How long ________________ you ___________ it? A: 我上个月买的。I ______________________ it last month. 2. I ______________________ this pair of skates for two years.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had ★ begin/start—be on 开始… The movie _____________ (start) half an hour ago. It ______________________ for thirty minutes.
★ open—be open 开始/开业… A: When did the factory _______________
B: It _______________ ten years ago.
A: How long has it _____________________
B: It has ______________________ for ten years. ★ close—be closed 关闭/停产… A: When did the shop_______________
B: It ______________ a month ago.
A: How long has it ___________________. B: It has _____________________ for a month. ★ arrive/come—be in /at 到达… arrive in/at... 到达，抵达 come to... 来到...... 1) A: When did you ______________ in Shanghai
B: I __________________ here last week.
A: How long have you ____________ ______________ Shanghai
B: I have _______________ here for a week.
- 7 -
2) I___________ to this school last year. I have____________ __________ this school for a year.
★ get a cold/ catch a cold---have a cold 感冒 (用get catch have 适当形式填空)
1. I _______________/_______________ a cold last week. And I’m not feeling well now.
So I _______________________ a cold for a week. 2. I __________________________ a cold since last week.
A. have got B. have caught C. have had D. got 练习：
1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really When _____ there
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—______ you ___ your homework yet
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
- 8 -
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you ____ here
—About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began 15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom,
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 五、补充
1)由since引导的从句中的时态：
由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语动词用现在完成时） We’ve been friends ever since we met at school. Much has changed since I was there last time.
2)当表示有多少时间时，主句谓语可用一般现在时： It’s two years since I left home. How long is it since you came here last time?
3)在下面句型中也可用现在完成时： 出现最高级
- 9 -
This is the best tea I have ever drunk.
This is the most interesting book I have ever read. This is the easiest job I have ever had.
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。
故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等
连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续
到现在的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从
句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
- 10 -
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选
B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的
动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a
moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
1、 belongs
2、 spoke, have forgotten
- 11 -
3、 wasn’t
4、 am just helping out 5、 broke, was playing 6、 arrives
7、 was reading, fell 8、 feels
9、 never thought, were going 10、 didn’t realize, wanted 11、 haven’t cleaned 12、 I’ve been told 13、 have been 14、 have met 15、 had gone up
16、 had gathered ; was already ringing
17、 would gather ; would already have rung 18、 had been planning 19、 to take
20、 there are going 21、 didn't
22、 As soon as I finished writing 23、 Makes
24、 am thinking of
25、 will have been studying 26、 will have graduated 27、 Hardly had I reached 28、 would be; hasn't arrived 29、 is
30、 they would be friends
31、 have been discussing ,haven't reached 32、 went 33、 have you put
34、 before Tom comes back 35、 is shown 36、 are you getting
37、 were you doing , had just finished 38、 have never read 39、 It was once believed 40、 got hurt 41、 have been risen 42、 have added up to 43、 proved 44、 will last
- 12 -
45、 46、 47、 48、 49、 50、 took place don't sell had left have made
has been married to was sent
- 13 -
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容