过去分词做定语和表语

过去分词做定语和表语

一、过去分词的含义

过去分词有“被动”或“完成”的意思，及物动词的过去分词既表被动也表示完成， 但有时只表被动；不及物动词的过去分词只表完成。如：

a broken heart 一颗破碎的心（被动和完成） a ploughed field 犁过的田地（被动和完成）

a risen sun 已升起的太阳（完成）fallen leaves （落叶）（完成） 二、过去分词做定语

1、单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，即通常放在所修饰的名词前，过去分词短语一般做后置定语，即通常放在所修饰的名词后。如：

tenified people.; the affected person ; ordinary people exposed to cholera. the river polluted by the dirty water from London ★[注意]：

★1.有些单个的过去分词，像left（剩余的 given（所给予的）concerned（有关的）等，习惯上用作后置定语。如：

the money left （剩余的钱） the people concerned 有关人士 the time given 给出的时间 [高考点击]

For breadfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______ on his own farm.（2009年北京） A. grown B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow

★2.过去分词作定语和现在分词做定语的区别，现在分词和过去分词作定语来修饰名词，区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上。

1）在语态上不同：现在分词与被修饰词之间构成“主动”，而过去分词则构成“被动”。如：

surprising news 令人吃惊的消息 surprised listeners 吃惊的听众

News surprises listeners an exciting movie 令人激动的电影 excited children 激动的孩子

Movie excited children [注意]：

An excited expression appeared on his face, when he saw his mother.. 2）时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行中，而过去分词则表示的动作往往已经完成。如：

the changing world. 正在发生变化的世界 developing countries 发展中国家 the changed world 已经改变了的 developed countries 发达国家

falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 a rising sun 正在冉冉升起的太阳 fallen leaves 落叶 a risen sun 已升起的太阳 3）判断如何选择过去分词还是现在分词，应该考虑动词的词性（及物还是不及物动词），而不要单从汉语角度考虑。 [注意]：

dress, seat, fix, lose, dovote, compare, tire等及物动词及remain, sit等不及物动词和taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），lound（听起来），appear（看起来像），look（看起来）等系动词。 ○1He, dressed in a white uniform, looks like more a cook than a doctor. ○2Can the audience seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me? ○3My mother, lost in thought, did’t hear us entering the room. ○4The desserts tasting very delicious are cocked by my mother. ○5The theory remaining to be proved was put forward by Mr. Smith. ○6Julia Smith stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. 3. done; being done 与 to be done 作定语的区别

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学 习 札 记

学 习 札 记

过去分词含有“被动”“完成”两种含义;若表示“某事正在被做”，通常使用动词的being done形式; 若表示“即将被做”，通常使用动词的to be done形式; （1）The meeting (hold) now is of great importance.

（2）The meeting (hold) yesterday was of great importance. （3）The meeting (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. 4.过去分词和现在分词作定语与定语从句的互换。 ○1过去分词作定语改成定语从名后一般为被动句

An organized trip is a trip（which/that is）organized by somebody or some organization. ○2现在分词作定语改成定语从句一般为主动句 An honest person is a person always telling the truth. An honest person is a person who always tells the truth. 三、过去分词作表语

1）过去分词作表语时总是用在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，如： ○1She looked disappointed. ○2He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. ○3He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. ★常用的系表结构

①be/get married to sb. ②be/get stuck 受困，被卡住，陷入…… ③be lost in thought ④be seated …… ⑤be devoted to … ⑥be dressed in ⑦be surprised/astoinsed/shocked ……at 2.系表结构与被动结构的区别：

1）二者都是由“be+done”构成，但系表结构中的过去分词表示主语所处的状态，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如： ○1The lake is badly pollated by the paper mill. 这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。（被动语态） ○2He is dressed in white uniform.（系表结构）

2)过去分词作表语时，句子主语多是人，表示主语的感受；现在分词作表语，句子主语多是物，它表示给别人造成的感觉。如：

The match is exciting ； The autience are excited 四、跟踪训练：

1.The ________ glass cup was _______ by Tom.

A.broken; breaking B.broken;broken C.breaking;breaking D.breaking;broken 2.—Look! Everything here is under construction.

—Oh, has the museum once ____ for exhibiting Weifang kites been pulled down,too? A.being built B.been built C.having been built D.built 3.The thief _____ by the police is an orphan.

A.questioned B.has been questioned C.having been questioned D.questioning 4.Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A.to seat B.to be seated C.seating D.seated

5.Five people won the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protections.

A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given 6.“Things ________ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself. A.lost B.losing C.to lose D.have lost 7.There is nothing _______ to do but wait for the teacher.

A.to leave B.leaving C.left D.for leaving 8.Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party. A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change

9.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain ______ until the plane has come to a complete stop. A.seated B.seating C.to seat D.seat

10.Martha told me that the ______ plan was put forward by Mr. Zhang at yesterday’s meeting. A.rejected B.reject C.rejecting D.being rejected

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