高考英语主语从句复习
一．考点分析
1. 主语从句和宾语从句的辨别 2. 连接词的用法 3. It做形式主语的句子 4. That/what的区分
二、专题详解
导入：观察并指出句子成分
A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student.
To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you. 一．概念：
主语：主语是指句子谈论的主题，说明的人或事物。也就是句中动作、行为、性质和状态的主体，一般位于句首
主语从句：在句中充当主语的从句 二·基本结构
关系词 简单句 谓语动词 宾语 同位语
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. 他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶 三 关系词(引导词)
1． 从属连词：that whether
that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。
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That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain.
注意：有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在后面。E.g
That she has made such a mistake is a pity. ( ) It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.( ) 这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. +从句
It is necessary that… 有必要… 我们要认真学习很有必要
______________________________________.
It is important that …. 重要的是…
重要的是你意识到错误。
_______________________________________. It is obvious that…… 很明显…… 很显然待会要下雨。
______________________________________.
2) It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that... 似乎…… 似乎你很不高兴。
________________________________ It happened that... 碰巧…… 我碰巧在大街上遇到了我的同学。 _________________________________ It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……
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我突然想起我还有作业没有完成。 _________________________________ 3) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 据信……;人们相信…… It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It has been proved that... 已证明……. 1.人们相信只要努力就会成功。
_______________________________________
2. It _________(suggest) that we should raise the awareness of protecting environment. 4) It is + n. +从句
It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It is a surprise that …. 令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that…… 事实是……
事实就是他通过了考试。
__________________________________________
由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is hard to say. It is hard to say whether it will please them.
2. 连接代词：who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever
What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
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Which side will win is not clear.
注意：what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, that 则不充当任何成分无意义。 例如：_______ you said yesterday is right. ________ she is still alive is a consolation
3. 连接副词：when where how why等
Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will start is not known yet.
How he became a great scientist is known to us all.
It’s certain. We’ll be late. Is he coming or not? We don’t know What does he want to tell us? We don’t know When will you come back? It doesn’t matter. 四．主语从句需注意的问题 1一个句子作主语时，主句的谓语动词应为单数。 Eg Whether he will come depends on the weather. 2 what 引导的句子作主语时，谓语动词的数由句子的内容决定（即由表语决定)。 精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载
What I want _______ money. What we need _______ good books What he said ______ reasonable. What we will do _______been decided.
Where he was born and where he lives now are not clear.
Where and when he was born _______ a secret.
两个或两个以上的主从联合做主语，主句谓语动词应为复数。 两个或两个以上的连词引导一个从句，主句谓语动词应为单数。
2. 用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that...句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用\\“should + 动词原形\\”的形式, should有时有感情色彩。 It be suggested/ advised/ ordered/requested that sb (should) do sth… It is important/natural/necessary/impossible that should do sth
宾语从句（连接词，语序，时态）
一 定义：由一个完整的句子担当宾语，可以做动词或者介词的宾语。 Eg：I heard that he would come here later.
He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 即构成：主句 + 连接词 + 从句
二 连接词：用来连接主句和从句的词，常见三种类型。 that --- 引导陈述句做宾语从句，无词义，可省略。
if/whether --- 引导一般疑问句做宾语从句，译为“是否”。
特殊疑问词---- 引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句，译为自己本身含义。 1. that：
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Eg：they say that they can finish the work before supper. 注意： 1.否定转移： 2.不能省略的情况：
2 if /whether:
Eg: I don’t know. Is he right?
I don’t know if /whether he is right.
He told me _____ he would go to the college the next year. I don’t know ____there will be a bus any more. Nobody knew _____ he could pass the exam 注意:
1.if/whether 的区别
①wheher/if .... or not=whether or not, whether ...or....
Let me know _______ he will come or not.=Let me know ________ or not he will come. I wonder ________ we stay or go． ②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in ________he likes English．
We're thinking about __________ we can finish the work on time． ③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided ________ to visit the old man． He hasn't decided ______ to go by bus or by train． ④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
________ this is true or not,I can't say．=I can’t say________ this is true or not. ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
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Whether she will come or not is still a question． The question is whether we can catch the bus． ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为： a．Please let me know whether you like the book． b．If you like the book，please let me know． If引导宾语从句和条件状语从句的区分
I don’t know if she _______ to my birthday party tomorrow. If she _____, I’ll be very happy.(come) 3 特殊疑问词： Eg: I want to know.
When did he take the medicine?
注意：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，可简化为“特殊疑问词 + to do ”的形式。 Eg : I don’t know how I should do with the gifts.
三 语序：宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。 陈述句结构：主语+谓语+其他
Eg: he hasn’t decided.
Will he go to school?
The teacher asked us.
How many people are there in the classroom. 四 宾语从句的时态。（宾语从句时态常与主句有关） 1 主句是一般现在时，从句根据表达需要可选用任何时态。
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I remember he ____ (give) me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he ________(leave) for New York tomorrow. 2 主句是一般过去时，从句则用相应的过去时。
He told me that he _______ (take) part in the high jump tomorrow. She said that the film ____(be) very interesting.
3 从句表达的是客观事实或科学真理时，则与主句无关，始终为一般现在时。 The teacher told his class that light _____ (travel) faster than sound. He told me that the earth ______ (be) round.
强化练习
用适当的引导词填空。
1. ______ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear. = It is not clear _____ she bought so many dictionaries. 不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。
2.I wanted to know______ she is talking with =I wanted to know with________ she is talking 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
3. ________ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teachers and parents happy. 他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。 4. It’s a pity________ you can’t attend my birthday party. 很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
5. _________ we will build a new high school hasn’t been decided. 我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。 6.He said_______ he had met me before 他说他以前见过我。
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7. __________ breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。 8.I'm sorry for______ we did. 我很抱歉为我所做的事情。
9.I wanted to know_______ he had some money. 我想知道她是否有一些钱
10. It is necessary ______ the problem (should) be solved at once. 很有必要立刻解决这个问题。 11. ________ he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。
12 It is possible _______ he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小车。
13. _______ has broken the glass is unknown. 谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。 We haven't decided_______ to do. 我们还没有我们下一步该做什么
14. _______ they makes in this factory are TV sets. 他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。
15. ________ they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 16. ________ you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。
17.He asked me_________ to deal with the thing. 他问我是如何处理这件事的
18. ________ it was done was a mystery.
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这是怎样做的是一个谜。
19. ________ this happened is not clear to anyone. 我想知道她在和谁交谈。
20.I wanted to know______________________________。 我想知道她是否来还是不来。
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