一、选择题（2×15=30分）
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?
11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone __________(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分） 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问) How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children. 5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.
The football match _______ _______ _______ by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)
__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us. 四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)
①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week． ②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？ ③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow. 五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________ ③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________
Answers
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’t been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called 四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分) ① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with 五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①be done改为 do② listened改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered ④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom
被动语态专项练习（二） Ⅰ单项选择
1. Good books ____ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children ____ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked
3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen 4. When____ the accident _____ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question ____ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss
C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab ____ about five years ago.
A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built
7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.
A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown 10. He ____ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises
C. have been praised D. always is praised
11. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened
12. The picture______ in October, 1996.
A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .
A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war______ in 1941.
A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out
16. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats
17. We can't enter the room because its door______ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They ______day and night.
A. are made work B. are made to work
C. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Chang'an Road is ______of people. A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled
20. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries. A. was sent up B. is sent up
C. have been sent up D. has been sent up
21. This English song _____ often _____ by the children. A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _____once a week.
A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ? A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.
A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _____ after class.
A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year. A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _____ at night as usual.
A. can be seen B. can't see C. can't be seen D. doesn't see 28. A new English play _____ there next week.
A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.
A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken
C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态 1. I saw the boy run yesterday.
2. He told me that he would come back soon.
3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day?
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 6. I think that he is right.
7. He had not thrown the bad food.
8. Mother was not mending the trousers. 9. They would not take him to Beijing.
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time. 参考答案 Ⅰ单项选择
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C 21.B 22. D 23.B 24. C 25.D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. B Ⅱ、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday. 2. I was told that he would come back soon.
3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages. 4. Are your flowers watered every day? 5. The big tree was blown down last night. 6. It is thought that he is right.
7. The bad food had not been thrown.
8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother. 9. He would not be taken to Beijing.
10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time.
被动语态专项练习（三）
一、单项选择
( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
A. clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning
( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology___in the school hall next week. A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give ( )3.His new book___ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published ( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No,I____.
A. am not invited B.wasn’t invited C.haven’t invited D.didn’t invite ( )5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack? —When your homework___,you can.
A. is done B.was done C.does D.did
( )6.Twenty—year—olds should not____to drive in China. A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.
( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what___. A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened.
( )8.The book Business@the Speed of Thought ___in 1999. A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.
( )9.Trees and flowers__every year to make our country more beautiful. A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.
( )10.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang___Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai. A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.
( )11.The earth is our home.It ___well. A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected.
( )12.In recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested.
( )13.___a new library____in your school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built. ( )14.An accident___on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened.
( )15.Cotten ____in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow. ( )16.So far, the moon___by man already. A. is visited B.will be visited
C.has been visited D.was visited. ( )17.How many trees ___this year?
A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted. ( )18.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done. ( )19.Neither of them ___ in China
A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made. ( )20.Look! A nice picture___for our teacher.
A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws. ( )21.Your shoes___.You need a new pair.
A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn. ( )22.The doctor___for yet. A.isn’t sent B.hasn’t been sent C.won’t be sent D.wasn’t sent.
( )23—When ___this kind of computer___?
—Last year.
A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used ( )24.The Great Wall__about all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known. ( )25.I___in summer.
A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born.
( )26.He says that Mr Zhang___to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent. ( )27.Who ___this book__?
A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written ( )28.Mary ___show me her new dictionary.
A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to ( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us ( )30.The monkey was seen____out of the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump 参考答案
1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB 21~25CBBCB 26~30DBBBD 二、单项选择 1
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung ( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used 2
( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat. -I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building ( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left ( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 3
( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking ( ) 2 These papers___yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written
( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week. A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't 4
( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- ___.
A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended? ( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do 5
( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held ( ) 2 Who was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by ( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am 6
( ) 1 The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water ( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow ( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 7
( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt ( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B.will shownC. will show D. is shown ( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild 8
( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept ( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water. A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep ( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow ( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often__up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung 9
( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing ( ) 2 The teapot ___ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( ) 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well 10
( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care ( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens ( ) 3 These walls___stones.
A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into 11
( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said ( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown ( ) 3 The coat___her sister.
A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to 12
( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given ( ) 2 Good care____such things. A. should take of B. should be taken
C. should be taking D. should be taken of ( ) 3 She will____good care____.
A.take;of B.be taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you 13
( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean ( ) 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 14
( ) 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted ( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B. was held C. held D. had 15
( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place ( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A.was broken down B.is wrong C.is bad D.has broken down ( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened ( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell 16
( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close 17
( ) 1 Can he___ himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of ( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will__. A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burnt 18
( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea. A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
19
( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time. A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing ( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned ( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read 参考答案：
1. 1-5 B D D D C 2. 1-5 B C B B C 3. 1-3 A B B 4. 1-3 A B A 5. 1-3 B D B 6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A
8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A 14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D 18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B
在实际语言应用中，有很多动词多以被动形式出现在句子中，但在意义上却无被动之感，中学阶段常见的如下： 一、表示空间位置等意义的动词。例如： 1．John was seated in a chair. 约翰坐在椅子上。
2．London is located on the banks of the River Thames. 伦敦坐落在泰晤士河畔。
3．Our college is situated in the city of Beijing. 我们学院在北京。
4．The soldiers were stationed on the hill. 士兵驻扎在山上。
二、表示“倾注、专心、意愿、推测”等意义的动词。例如：
1. The professor was employed / engaged in preparing his lessons. 教授正忙于备课。
2. He was devoted to his research. 他专注于他的研究工作。
3. She was lost in thought. 她陷入沉思。
4. We should be concerned with the growth of the younger generation. 我们应该关心青年一代的成长。
5. We are all prepared for the final examination. 我们都做好了期终考试的准备。
6. He is determined to learn English well. 他决心学好英语。
7. He is supposed to be here at seven. 他应该七点到这儿。
三、表示人的情感变化、心理活动、喜怒哀乐等意义的动词。例如： 1. We were all worried about his illness. 我们都担心他的病情。
2. The teacher was satisfied / pleased with my answer. 老师对我的回答很满意。
3. He was too frightened to move in the darkness. 黑暗中他太害怕了， 不敢动。 4. I’m tired of your empty words. 我听厌了你的空话。
5. He was delighted / disappointed at the news. 听到这消息他很高兴/失望。
6. She was shocked at the sight of that man. 看到那个男人，她感到很震惊。 7. Mother was puzzled by my question. 母亲对我提的问题迷惑不解。
四、表示“装配、装饰、盛满”等意义的动词。例如： 1．The bottle is filled with oil. 这瓶子盛满了油。
2．The truck was loaded with coal. 卡车装载着煤。
3． She is always dressed in red. 她总是穿红衣服。
4． His mind was crowded with whys. 他满脑子全是为什么。
5． The new plant was equipped with modern machines. 这家新工厂装配着现代化的机器。
6． The town is marked with an old castle. 该城以一个古堡为标志。
五、其他一些常见的用法。例如： 1．The artist was born in 1928. 这位画家出生于1928年。
2．My brother was married / engaged last year. 我弟弟去年结婚/订婚。
3．He is experienced in teaching. 他富有教学经验。
4．The film is only intended for the teenagers.
这部电影是仅为青少年拍的。
5． Soon he became addicted to cigarettes. 他很快就有了烟瘾。
6．Faced with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 面对艰难的处境，阿诺德决定征求老板的建议。
被动语态详解（一）
(一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：
They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下：
一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will +be + given
一般过去将来时： should / would + be + given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 过去完成时： had + been + given
将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given
过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + given ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)被动语态常用的八种时态 1. 一般现在时：
People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country.
The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：
They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten. 3. 一般将来时：
They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时：
The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.
The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时：
The radio is broadcasting English lessons.
English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时：
— Why didn't they drive there on time?
— Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时：
Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down. 8. 过去完成时：
When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态：
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer.
A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. (四) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。
These cars were made in China.
15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. (五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语
→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语
（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。 (六)语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her.
一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us.
Some country music was played for us.
有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。 He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall.
The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语)
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。
The patient is being operated on.
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在
谓语动词后面。如：
We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. →We were told to follow her instructions.
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：
Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples.
5. 还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词+ 介词构成，变被动语态有两种形式，如下： 1) We take good care of the books. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the book.
2) You must pay attention to your pronunciation. Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.
用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。
6. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody, 作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can answer this question. 误：The question can be answered by nobody.
正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
7. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They haven't done anything to make the river clean. 误：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
9. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 对比：
The books sell well. (主动句)
The books were sold out. (被动句) The meat didn’t cook well. (主动句)
The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句) 10. 下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。 — Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft. 误：It is felt very soft.
The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如： He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English. We love each other.
误：Each other is loved.
11. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that … 据推测…… It is supposed that … 希望…… It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that … 有人建议…… It is suggested that …
1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing 形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。
注 ：本部分内容对应课件已保存在邮箱。
被动语态详解（二）
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are madeby them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once. It should be done at once.
被动语态详解（三）
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用\"被\"、\"受\"、\"给\"等词来表示被动意义。 如：
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由\"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词\"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化：
以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，\"be+过去分词\"部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、被动语态的用法：
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用\"It is + 过去分词.\"句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的\"It is + 过去分词+ that\"句型还有
It is reported that…据报道 It is said that…据说
It is believed that…大家相信 It is suggested that…有人建议 四、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示：
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为\"be+过去分词\"。 注意：
They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。
（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
（1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示\"人们\"、\"大家\"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去\"by…\"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：
They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。
Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。
The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。
（2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意
以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen， cost，take，have
An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday.（ ） The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 This book sells well.这本书畅销。
六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。 6．过去完成时(had been+done)
They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.
A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．
6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.
13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone __________(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分） 1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year． 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问) How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children. 5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ______ ________ ________ by you now.
6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal ________ _________ _______making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.
The football match _______ _______ _______ by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)
__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)
The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态) The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us. 四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)
①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week． ②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）？ ③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow. 五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________ ②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________ ③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________ ④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________ ⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________
Answers
一、选择题（2×15=30分）
1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)
1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasn’t been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing
三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called 四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分) ① was bought for me ② Is made in China ③ covered with 五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）
①be done改为 do② listened改为 listened to ③ remembered 改为 was remembered ④ is sounded 改为sounds ⑤By who 改为 By whom
eed，want，require(要求，需要)，deserve(应得，值得)， beworth值得)，notbear(经不住)后面表被动。
thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。
theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。
theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.这些幼
心的照管。
yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut)。你的头发该剪了。
2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。
ihavemuchworktodo.我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系，与i有主谓关系)
tomislookingforaroomtolivein.tom在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系，与tom有主谓关系hehasafamilytosupport.他要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系)
3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词+不定式；动词+宾语+式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult，easy，comfortable(舒适的)，convenient(的)，hard，cheap，expensive，等，不定式用主动表被动。 thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。 theworkiseasytodo.这项工作很好做。
ifoundthecarcomfortabletoridein.我觉得这种车很好坐。 thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite.那就使得诗很难写。
4、在beto结构中的一些不定式：这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主被动意义：
whoistoblameforstartingthefire？ 这场火灾应由谁负责？
youaretoblamefortheaccident.你应为这事受动责备。 thehouseistolet.此房出租。
alotremainstodo.还剩下许多事情要做。 5、系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来)，sound(听起来)，p)，feel(摸上去感到)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等，例如： yourreasonsoundsreasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良药苦口。 6、一些与can’t(不能)或won’t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有：lock(锁住)，shut(关上)，open(打开)，write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等，用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例如： thedoorwon’topen.这门打不开。 itcan’tmove.它不能动。 7、一些动词如sell(销售)，wash(洗)，clean(打扫)，burn(燃烧)，cook(煮)等与副词如well(好)，ea)，perfectly(十分地)等连用，描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如：thebooksellswell.这种书很畅销。
theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服很易洗。 thepenwriteswell.这笔很好写。
8、主语much，agreatdeal，little，what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。 whatistodo？做什么？
muchistodo.太多要做的事。
9、在“therebe”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。 thereisnothingdoingthesedays.这些天没事干。
iseethere’sagoodideaplanning.我知道又在打好主意。 exercises：choosethebestchoice.
1.therearemanygoodfilmsplayedbychenglongthatareworth_____. a.tobeseenb.beingseenc.seeingd.tosee
2.thefood_____easilyandsells_____.
a.cooks；wellb.iscooking；goodc.iscooked；welld.cooked；good 3.thewindowsofthebuildingcan’t_____.， a.beclosedb.closec.beclosingd.closed keys：1-3cab
一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形
(1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式：
That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
(2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同： The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：
Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者)
The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者)
(3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：
The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：
The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态： The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?
(4) 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义：
When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
(5) 有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义： Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映? My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。
Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。
二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的八种情形
(1) 不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？ The house is to let. 此屋出租。
(2) 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。
Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?
【注】①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。
② 有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义： It’s a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。
It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
③ 有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等)，其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可： The water is not fit to drink [to be drunk]. 这水不适合饮用。
The letters are ready to post [to be posted]. 这信已准备好可以寄了。
(3) 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义： I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。 I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较： I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)
(4) 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。
He lent me some magazines to read. 他借给我一些杂志看。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式，比较： He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。
He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room. 他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间。 但有时两者区别不大：
Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我。
(5) 不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时，可用主动式，也可用被动式，有时含义差不多： There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。
但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb)： There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)
There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了) There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看) There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)
(6) 涉及副词enough和too的主动表被动。在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式)： The writing is too faint to read [to be read]. 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。
These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。 但在某些特别强调被动意义的语境中，可能用被动式更恰当：
He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他说话的声音太低，听不见。
He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 他太年轻，不能送到美国去深造。 (7) be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动：
In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书值得一读。 This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。
【注】与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义：
This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。
(8) 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义： The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。 This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了。
【注】① 以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义： This sentence needs explaining [to be explained]. 这个句子需要解释。 ② 它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义： It needs no explanation. 它无需解释。
This plan requires careful consideration. 这项计划需要仔细考虑。 三、介词短语用主动表被动的六种情形 (1) “beyond+名词”：
The rumor is beyond belief. 这谣言难以置信。
The children were beyond control. 这些孩子不听管教。 【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有beyond compare(无可比拟)，beyond description(难以形容)，beyond (all) doubt(毫无疑问)，beyond expression(无法形容)，beyond suspicion(无可怀疑)，等。 (2) “in+名词”短语：
When was paper money in use in China? 中国什么时候开始使用纸币？
Please do not enter the classroom while a lesson is in progress. 上课时请勿进教室。
【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有 in action(在运转)，in sight(看得见)，in (good) repair(维修良好的)，in store(贮藏着)等。 (3) “in course of+名词”短语：
The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。
The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。 【注】有些类似的短语有the表被动，无the表主动： in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由…负责
in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被…拥有 (4) “on+名词”短语：
The building is on fire. 那幢房子正在燃烧。
Every article on view will be on sale. 每件展品都将出售。
【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有on trial(在试用)，on display(在展出)，on show(在展出)，on exhibition(在展出)等。 (5)“under+名词”短语：
The new music hall is under construction. 新的音乐大厅正在修建中。 Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。
【注】这类短语的名词前不用冠词，类似的还有under arrest(被逮捕)，under attack(受到袭击)，under
discussion(在讨论中)， under examination(在检查或调查中)，under medical treatment(在治疗中)，under repair(在修缮中)，under review(在检查中)，under study(在研究中)。
(6) 其他介词短语。除以上提到的几种情况外，还有一些介词短语也可表示被动意义，如for sale(供出售)，for rent(供出租)，at one’s service(听凭某人使用)，above reproach(无可指责，无可非议)，above suspicion(不受怀疑)，above criticism(无可指责)，within sight(看得见)等。
有些动词有主动语态之形，但却有被动语态之意。
这些动词包括及物的（transitive verbs）、不及物的（ intransitive verbs）、动名词（gerunds）和不定式动词（ infinitives）。这些动词很特别，但数目不多。例如：
Ⅰ及物动词
① That house is building (= being built).
② The trumpets are sounding ( = being sounded). ③ The film is showing now (= being shown now). ④ The guns are firing (= being fired).
⑤ The drums are beating ( = being beaten).
Ⅱ不及物动词
⑥ The middle house won't let. ⑦ Porcelain sinks clean easily. ⑧ Such potatoes peel well.
⑥-⑧中的“出租”、“清洗”和“削”都有“被”的意思。
Ⅲ动名词
⑨ Your office needs cleaning (= to be cleaned). ⑩ The computer wants servicing (= to be serviced). 11. This watch requires winding up ( = to be wound up). 12. That good point bears repeating (= to be repeated).
Ⅳ不定式动词
13. This is an apartment to let. 14. Give him a chair to sit down.
15. There is nothing to do for the time being. 16. You are to blame.
13-16中的不定式动词都有被动之意，情况和⑥-⑧中的不及物动词类似，都是具有主动语态之形，含有被动语态之意。然而，这种用法虽很特殊，却不普遍。当这些动词回到本来的性质时，还是有被动语态的， 只是含义有些不同。例如17和18中的(a)和(b)的含义便有些不同：
17.a) His books sell well.
b) His books are sold well.
18.a) Your shoes have worn well.
b) Your shoes have been worn well.
(a)的句子表示“书的销路好”和“鞋子耐穿”，都是因为主语有内在的优点。至于(b)的句子，它们只把事实反映出来，没有别的含义。
最后，当感官动词当接系动词用时，它们也是有主动语态之形，被动语态之意： 19.Honey tastes sweet. 20.Glass feels smooth. 21.Perfume smells good.
22.The sky seems to appear dark. 23.The weather has turned hot.
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