第五章 习题及参考答案
1、命名下列化合物:
OH(1) 4—甲基—2—戊醇
OH(2) 3,5—二甲基—3—己醇
(3)HSOH CH2OH(4)HOH CH2SH(5)
O OCH2CH3(6) S(7) (8)
OCH32、写出下列化合物的结构:
(1)异戊醇 (2)异丁基叔丁基醚 (3)二氧六环
3—巯基—1—丙醇
(S)—3—巯基—1,2—丙二醇 烯丙基丙烯基醚
苯乙醚
二苯硫醚
(E)7—甲基—6—乙基—5—甲氧基—2—辛烯
OH
O
OO
O(4)DMSO
CH3SCH3
(5)THF
O
O(6)环氧丙烷
3、按沸点从高到低顺序排列下列化合物:
(1)正丁醇(2)正戊醇(3)异丁醇(4)叔丁醇(5)四氢呋喃 (2)﹥(1)﹥(3)﹥(4)﹥(5) 4、用化学方法区别下列各组化合物: (1)正丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇
取三支试管分别加入三种化合物少许,分别加入几滴Lucas试剂,立即变浑浊的是叔丁醇,放置片刻变浑浊的是仲丁醇,室温下无变化,加热后变浑浊的是正丁醇。
(2)1,4—丁二醇、1,2—丁二醇
取两支试管分别加入硫酸铜溶液少许,滴加氢氧化钠溶液至有氢氧化铜沉淀生成,一只试管中加1,4—丁二醇,另一只试管中加1,2—丁二醇,能生成将蓝色溶液的是1,2—丁二醇,则另一个是1,4—丁二醇 (3)苄醇和苄基溴
高锰酸钾酸性溶液,步骤略 (4)
O(CH2CH2OH)2CH2OHCHOHCH3
同(2)
5、写出下列反应的主要产物或填入反应试剂:
CH3CH3(1)
CH2CHOHCH3H2SO3C4CHCH3 △Cl2/吡啶(2)HCH3SOClHCH3 CH3(3)(CH3)3CCH2OH+HBrCH3CBrCH2CH3
(4)
O+HI(Imol)OH+CH3I OCH3OH(5)
+HI+CH3I (6)
OCH3ONa/CH3OHOOH (7)
OPhCH3OH/H+OHO PhCOHCH3H2SO4PhPhCPhCOCH3 (8)PhCOH(9)
OH(CrO3 /(C5H5N)2)O或(CrO或(MnO3 /H2SO4/H2O)2/C5H12)
6、将下列化合物按水溶解度由大到小排列成序:
(1)丙三醇 (2)正丁醇 (3)甲乙醚 (4)甲硫醚 (1)﹥(2)﹥ (3)﹥ (4) 7、解释下列现象: (1)
CH2OHH2SO4++
(CH3)3CCHCH385%H3PO4(2)
OH(CH3)3CCHCH2CH3
CH2+(CH3)2CHC+(CH3)2C=C(CH3)2
CH2OH(3)H2SO4
175℃CH3CH3(4)
OHOHH2SO4CH3
OCH3解释: (1)
CH2OHH2SO4CH2O+H-H2OHCH2+重排+
-H+++
-H++(2)
(CH3)3CCHCH3OH重排85%H3PO4-H2O(CH3)3CCHCH3HO+H(CH3)3CCH+CH3-H+CH3CH3CH3C+CHCH3(CH3)3CCHCH2-H+CH3(CH3)2CHC
CH2+(CH3)2C=C(CH3)2
(3)
CH2OHH2SO4CH2O+H2-H2OCH2+
重排+-H+175℃(4)
CH3CH3OHOHH2SO4OHOH2+-H2OCH3CH3CH3OH重排+OH
CH3+CH3O+HCH3-H+CH3CH3OCH3
8、写出环氧丙烷与下列试剂反应的主要产物:
(1)无水HBr (2)(CH3CH2)2NH (3)CH3CH2ONa/CH3CH2OH (4)CH3CH2MgBr (5)CH3CH2OH/H+ (6)PhOH/OH-
OHOHCH3CHCH2OPhPhOH/OH-OH无水HBrCH3CBrOHCH3CCH3H3CCH3CH2OH/HCH33+CH3CHCH2OCH2CH3CH3CH2ONa/CHO(CH3CH2)2NH3CH2OHOHCH3CHCH2N(CH2CH3)2
CH3CH2MgBrOMgBrCH3CHCH2CH2CH3OCH2CH9、用指定原料合成:
(1)由叔丁醇和乙醇合成乙基叔丁基醚
CH3CH2OHCH3CH3COHNaCH3HICH3CH2ICH3CONa
CH3CH3CH3CONa+CH3CH2ICH3CH3CH2OHCH3CH3COC2H5
CH3CH3(2)由正丙醇和异丙醇合成2—甲基—2—戊醇
CH3CH2CH2OHHBrMgCH3CH2CH2BrCH3无水醚CH3CH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3CHOHCH3KMnO4COCH3CH3COH2OCH3CH3+CH3CH2CH2MgBrCH3COH
CH2CH2CH3CH3COMgBrCH2CH2CH3
(3)由溴苯和异丙醇合成2—苯基—2—丙醇
BrMgTHFCH3CHOHCH3KMnO4MgBrCH3COCH3CH3CH3COH2OCH3+CH3CH3COHMgBrCH3COMgBr
(4)由环己醇合成二环己醚
OHHBrBrNaOHONa
OHBr+ONaO10、用高碘酸分别氧化四个邻二醇,得到的氧化产物如下: (1)只得到
OCH3CCH2CH3
(2)得到CH3CHO和CH3CH2CHO (3)得到HCHO和
OCH3CCH3
O(4)得到一个二羰基化合物
CH3CCH2CH2CH2CHO
请根据氧化产物分别写出四个邻二醇的结构式。
CH3CH3(1)CH3CH2COHCOHCH2CH3
(2)
CH3OHOHCHOHCCH3OHCHCH2CH3
(3)CH2CH3
CH3OH(4)
OH
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