句子成分及练习

（一）句子主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动

名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 例如：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. It is necessary to master a foreign language.

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.

（三）谓语：动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句表示。

例如：划出表语并说出有什么词充当

Our teacher of English is an American. The weather has turned cold. Three times seven is twenty one? His hobby is playing football. Time is up. The class is over.

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 例如：

They went to see an exhibition yesterday.

They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.

I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office.

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.

2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 例如：

His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white.

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room.

We will soon make our city what your city is now.

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（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：名词，形容词，代词，分词，动名词，不定式短语，介词短语等 例如：找出定语并看由何种成分充当： Guilin is a beautiful city.

China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English.

（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下：

How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）

She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾

练习

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 二、分析下列句子成分

1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. All of us considered him honest. 3. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 4. He broke a piece of glass. 5. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 6. It takes me an hour to get there.

7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wonders If I still study Englis 10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine 11.We always work hard at English. 12.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 13.Speaking doesn't mean doing. 14.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. 15.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.

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