USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
Release Two
Prepared by
Kristine Y. Patterson, Seema A. Bhagwat, Juhi R. Williams,
Juliette C. Howe, and Joanne M. Holden
Nutrient Data Laboratory Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture
In collaboration with
Steven H. Zeisel, Kerry A. Dacosta, and Mei-Heng Mar
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
January 2008
U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Nutrient Data Laboratory 10300 Baltimore Avenue
Building 005, Room 107, BARC – West
Beltsville, Maryland 20705 www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search Tel. 301-504-0630
E-mail: ndlinfo@ba.ars.usda.gov
Web site: http//www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata 1
Supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (59-1235-0-0059), the National Institutes of Health (Y1-HV-8116-14, DK55865), the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, and the National Pork Board. Support for this work was also provided by grants from the NIH to the UNC Clinical Research Unit (DK56350) and the Center for Environmental Health (ES10126).
Table of Contents
Documentation ...........................................................................................................3 Methods and procedures for generating the table ......................................................4 • Data evaluation.....................................................................................................5 • Format of the tables..............................................................................................6 • Data dissemination................................................................................................7 References cited in the documentation.......................................................................7 Chemical structures of choline and choline-containing compounds (Fig. 1).............8 Metabolic pathway for choline compounds (Fig. 2)...................................................9 Total choline in selected foods (Fig. 3) ...................................................................10 Choline database.................................................................................................11-36
2
Documentation: USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common
Foods
Introduction
Research has shown that choline is important for the synthesis of phospholipids in cell membranes, methyl metabolism, acetylcholine synthesis, and cholinergic
neurotransmission in humans (1). Betaine, a choline derivative, is also important because of its role in the donation of methyl groups to homocysteine to form methionine (2). Folate and choline are metabolically interrelated (1). Diminished folate availability increases demand for choline as a methyl donor while decreased choline availability increases demand for folate methyl groups (3). Zeisel and colleagues, have shown that healthy males fed a choline deficient diet, with normal folate and vitamin B12 intake, became choline depleted and developed liver steatosis and liver damage that resolved when a source of dietary choline was provided (4).
In 1999, at an NIH sponsored workshop on trimethylaminuria, it was estimated that as much as one percent of the U.S. population may suffer from a genetic defect in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 gene, FM03, leading to development of a fishy body odor because patients or people who are affected accumulate trimethylamine (5-7). A choline restricted diet would be beneficial for this group of people as it diminishes body odor.
In 1998, the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine established dietary recommendations for choline intake, estimating an Adequate Intake (AI) at 550 mg per day for men and 425 mg per day for women. However, little data were available on the choline content of foods from which dietary intake levels could be calculated. Therefore, a choline database has been developed which provides researchers and consumers with the means to estimate choline intake from common foods. The collaborators for the database are the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) of the US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC. This release contains about 630 food items. It replaces Release One, which was issued in March 2004.
Methods and procedures for generating the table
To generate the database for choline, food sample units of more than 630 foods were purchased, processed, and analyzed for six metabolites of choline. Most of the
3
samples for the project were obtained nationally from 12-24 retail outlets in accordance with the national sampling plan developed for the USDA National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (8). Approximately 15% of the analyses were based on samples picked up locally (Chapel Hill, NC or Blacksburg, VA). Food items were homogenized and analyzed as purchased (raw) or after cooking following package directions.
The food samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry in the laboratory of S. Zeisel, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Choline compounds were extracted and partitioned into organic and aqueous phases using methanol and chloroform and analyzed directly by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IDMS) (9). The chemical structures of the choline metabolites are shown in Fig 1. Quality assurance was monitored through the use of duplicate sampling, in-house control materials, and standard reference materials. Samples were analyzed for betaine and these choline-contributing compounds: free choline (Cho);
glycerophosphocholine (GPC); phosphocholine (Pcho); phosphatidylcholine (Ptdcho); and sphingomyelin (SM).
The analytical data for Cho, GPC, Pcho, Ptdcho, and SM are presented
individually in the database because these choline sources may differ in bioavailability and knowledge of their amounts in foods support future research (10). The metabolic pathways for the interconversion of these individual choline compounds are shown in Fig. 2. Total choline content was calculated as the sum of Cho, GPC, Pcho, Ptdcho, and SM. Individual metabolites in the database are reported as mg choline moiety per 100g of food. Betaine values are not included in the calculation of total choline, since the conversion of choline to betaine is irreversible (11). Betaine values are reported as the mg of betaine/100g food. A zero value reported in the database is a true zero; samples were analyzed, but the compound (betaine, choline, etc) was not detected.
In this updated report, the betaine content of foods made from grains, such as cereal, bread, and pasta, as well as in seafood and spinach has been corrected and are significantly lower than previously reported (USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods, Release One). Because these are commonly consumed foods, these differences could change previous conclusions about the probable associations between dietary betaine and risk for disease. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the betaine values in common foods because there are likely to be considerable variations in the betaine content of plants depending on the plant variety and growing conditions (12,13); thus more data are needed on such variability. A technical problem related to the
4
mass spectrometer was identified by Zeisel et al. which had resulted in an overestimation of the betaine content in some foods in Release One.
To estimate choline levels in retail ground beef, a nationwide (24 outlets) sampling of ground beef products at each of the three fat ranges (<12% fat, 12-22% fat, or >22% fat) was conducted. Ground beef samples within each geographical region were combined into regional composites for each fat level (n=12). Raw and cooked (broiled patties) samples were analyzed for choline content. Results from these analyses were used to generate regression equations for each choline metabolite in both raw and broiled ground beef. The regression equations were then used to estimate choline values for beef products varying in fat content from 5%-30%.
As with other nutrients, it should be noted that multi-component foods (e.g.,
mixed dishes, fast foods) can differ greatly in their choline content due to variations in formulation by manufacturers or different recipes as well as differences in the choline content of the individual ingredients. However, Fig. 3 shows the relative content of total choline for seven food groups. The database must be consulted for the choline content of specific foods since these may be considerably different from the values given in this average figure.
Values in this table may differ from those in the current USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR 20) due to the inclusion of additional locally obtained samples for this table. In some cases, betaine values were omitted from the table where the analytical values could not be confirmed prior to the release of this table. Additionally, betaine values may not be released for some foods in SR at this time.
Data evaluation
Values in this choline database have been evaluated to show the level of confidence in these data for users. The Nutrient Data Laboratory has redesigned the software of the USDA Nutrient Data Bank to provide a system for data acquisition, compilation, and dissemination. As part of the Nutrient Data Bank System, scientists at NDL developed a procedure to facilitate the evaluation of analytical data, based on criteria described earlier by Holden, et al. (14) and Mangels, et al., (15). In brief, five categories of information are evaluated: sampling plan, sample handling, number of samples analyzed, analytical method, and analytical quality control. Criteria are established within each category with an assignation of points to each criterion; points are totaled within each category (20 points per category). The ratings for each category are summed to yield a quality index (QI) – the maximum score is 100 points. The confidence
5
code (CC), an indicator of the relative quality of the data and the reliability of a given mean, is derived from the QI and designated as A, B, C, or D (A being the best). The CC is assigned as follows: QI (total pts) 75-100 50- 74 25- 49 < 25
CC A B C D
A more complete description of the procedure for determining CC has been previously reported (16). Total choline values, along with confidence codes, are presented in the table. The CC shown in the choline database refers only to the total choline values, not to the individual metabolites, including betaine. The majority of the data have a CC of B (79%) while some data have a CC of A (12%) or C (9%).
Format of the table
The table contains choline and betaine values for about 630 foods across 22 food categories. The food items are arranged by food category. Each food item is identified by a unique NDB number, a five digit numerical code used in the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). Foods in the choline database which do not have corresponding SR entries are designated by “98___” in the NDB column. These temporary NDB numbers are not unique to these foods and may be re-used in future special interest databases produced by NDL. The fields are as follows:
__Field Description________________________________
NDB No. USDA Nutrient Data Bank number Dissemination description Food item description Betaine Betaine Cho Free Choline GPC Glycerophosphocholine Pcho Phosphocholine Ptdcho Phosphatidylcholine SM Sphingomyelin N Number of samples analyzed Total Cho Total choline CC Confidence code
______________________________________________________________________
6
Data dissemination
The USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods is presented as a PDF file. Adobe Acrobat Reader ® is needed to view the report of the database. A compressed file (choline.zip) containing the complete database in ASCII format and its documentation will be available for downloading from this web site
(http://ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata). The user can download the database, free of charge, onto a personal computer for use with other programs.
References cited in the documentation
1. Zeisel, S. H., and Blusztajn, J. K. (1994) Choline and human nutrition. Ann. Rev. Nutr. 14, 269-296
2. Finkelstein, J. D., Harris, B. J., and Kyle, W. E. (1972) Methionine metabolism in mammals: kinetic study of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 153, 320-324
3. Kim, Y.-I., Miller, J. W., da Costa, K.-A., Nadeau, M., Smith, D., Selhub, J., Zeisel, S. H., and Mason, J. B. (1995) Folate deficiency causes secondary depletion of choline and phosphocholine in liver. J. Nutr. 124, 2197-2203 4. Zeisel, S. H., da Costa, K.-A., Franklin, P. D., Alexander, E. A., Lamont, J. T., Sheard, N. F., and Beiser, A. (1991) Choline, an essential nutrient for humans. FASEB J. 5, 2093-2098
5. Al-Waiz, M., Ayesh, R., Mitchell, S. C., Idle, J. R., and Smith, R. L. (1988) Trimethylaminuria ('fish-odour syndrome'): a study of an affected family. Clin. Sci. 74, 231-236
6. Al-Waiz, M., Ayesh, R., Mitchell, S. C., Idle, J. R., and Smith, R. L. (1989) Trimethylaminuria: the detection of carriers using a trimethylamine load test. J. Inher. Metab. Dis. 12, 80-85
7. Mitchell, S. C., and Smith, R. L. (2001) Trimethylaminuria: the fish malodor
syndrome. Drug Metab. Dispos. 29, 517-521
8. Pehrsson, P.R.., Haytowitz, D.B., Holden, J.M., Perry, C.R., and Beckler, D.G. (2000) USDA’s National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program: Food sampling. J. Food Comp. Anal. 13:379-389
9. Koc, H., Mar, M. H., Ranasinghe, A., Swenberg, J. A., and Zeisel, S. H. (2002) Quantitation of choline and its metabolites in tissues and foods by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 74, 4734-4740
10. Cheng, W.-L., Holmes-McNary, M. Q., Mar, M.-H., Lien, E. L., and Zeisel, S. H. (1996) Bioavailability of choline and choline esters from milk in rat pups. J. Nutr. Biochem. 7, 457-464
11. Zeisel, S.H., Mar, M.H., Howe, J. C., Holden, J. M. (2003) Concentrations of choline – containing compounds and betaine in common foods. J. Nutr. 133, 1302-1307.
12. Hanson, A. D. and Wyse, R. (1982) Biosynthesis, translocation, and accumulation of betaine in sugar beet and its progenitors in relation to salinity. Plant Physiol. 70: 1191-1198.
13. Craig, S. A. (2004) Betaine in human nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80: 539-549.
7
14. Holden, J.M., Bhagwat, S.A, and Patterson, K.Y. (2002) Development of a multi- nutrient data quality evaluation system. J. Food Comp. Anal., 15:339-348. 15. Mangels, A. R., Holden, J.M., Beecher, G. R., Forman, M. R., and Lanza E.
(1993). Carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables: an evaluation of analytic data. J. Am. Diet Assoc. 93: 284-296
8
Betaine (mol. wt. 117.15)
Choline (mol. wt. 104.17)
Glycerophosphocholine
Phosphocholine
Phosphatidylcholine
Sphingomyelin
H
CHCH
OHCHO
CHOPOCHCHNCH
C=CCHOHNHC=OR
Figure 1. Chemical structures of choline and choline-containing compounds (Ref. 9)
9
PtdCho SM PCho
GPC Met Folate
Cho Bet Hcy Methyl-THF Figure 2. Metabolic pathway for choline and betaine compounds. Phosphocholine (Pcho), phosphatidylcholine(Ptdcho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and
sphingomyelin(SM) are formed from choline (Cho). The formation of betaine (Bet) from Cho is irreversible. Betaine can donate a methyl group to homocysteine (Hcy) to form methionine (Met). Folate and Cho metabolism intersect because
methyltetrahydrofolate (Methyl-THF), a product of folate metabolism, can also donate a methyl group for the formation of Met from Hcy (Ref. 11).
10
Figure 3. Total choline in selected foods 275250225do200of g 017501 / 150eniloh125c lato100t gm7550250shslsksgsnatlliiigiiefe aruorerM f &e gc d dnlostetnalhaosaa sWefMhWkstaealFebrBategeV
11
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1
Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
Dairy and Eggs 01001 Butter, with salt
01046 Cheese food, pasteurized process, american, without sodium phosphate 01009 Cheese, cheddar
01012 Cheese, cottage, creamed, large or small curd 01015 Cheese, cottage, lowfat, 2% milk fat
01014 Cheese, cottage, nonfat, uncreamed, dry large or small curd01017 Cheese, cream
01029 Cheese, mozzarella, part skim milk, low moisture 01040 Cheese, swiss
01069 Cream substitute, powdered 01049 Cream, fluid, half and half 01199 Cream, half and half, fat free 01056 Cream, sour, cultured 01124 Egg, white, raw, fresh 01128 Egg, whole, cooked, fried 01129 Egg, whole, cooked, hard boiled 01123 Egg, whole, raw, fresh 01125 Egg, yolk, raw, fresh
01103 Milk, chocolate, fluid, commercial, reduced fat 01082 Milk, low fat, fluid, 1% milkfat, with added vitamin A 01085 Milk, nonfat, fluid, with added vitamin A (fat free skim) 01079 Milk, reduced fat fluid, 2% milk fat, with added vitamin A 01077 Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat 43261 Yogurt, fruit variety, nonfat
01121 Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 10 grams protein per 8 ounce 01117 Yogurt, plain, low fat, 12 grams protein per 8 ounce
of food
0.350.6 1.47.9 0.71.6 0.73.6 0.62.9 0.93.7 0.73.6 0.72.3 0.64.5 0.10.5 0.73.9 0.74.0 0.63.9 0.30.2 0.70.7 0.60.7 0.60.6 0.91.3 0.75.4 0.64.0 1.92.8 0.92.8 0.63.7 0.73.3 0.82.1 0.9
2.3
1.20.714.02.12.30.68.41.38.11.39.21.69.31.52.71.00.60.01.40.09.01.18.01.27.61.20.60.00.60.70.50.50.60.60.91.08.21.19.81.99.71.710.01.67.51.97.82.07.81.69.1
1.7
11.05.47.14.67.44.62.52.52.02.01.61.87.35.65.23.06.34.20.10.32.62.10.91.03.72.70.30.0250.017.0210.014.0240.011.0630.045.01.70.81.20.70.80.71.20.90.60.71.91.41.51.11.0
1.1
19.01 B 36.01 B 17.01 B 18.01 B 16.01 B 18.01 B 27.01 B 14.01 B 16.01 B 2.33 B 19.01 B 15.01 B 19.02 B 1.14 A 270.04 A 230.04 A 250.015 A 680.04 A 17.01 B 18.01 B 16.01 B 16.02 B 14.01 B 16.01 B 14.02 B 15.0
2 B
12
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1
Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
Spices and Herbs 02044 Basil, fresh
02046 Mustard, prepared, yellow 02003 Spices, basil, dried 02009 Spices, chili powder 02010 Spices, cinnamon, ground 02011 Spices, cloves, ground 02015 Spices, curry powder 02020 Spices, garlic powder 02021 Spices, ginger, ground 02024 Spices, mustard seed, yellow 02026 Spices, onion powder 02027 Spices, oregano, dried 02028 Spices, paprika 02029 Spices, parsley, dried 02030 Spices, pepper, black 02033 Spices, poppy seed 02043 Spices, turmeric, ground
Baby Foods
03189 Babyfood, cereal, oatmeal, dry
03298 Babyfood, dinner, broccoli and chicken, strained 03054 Babyfood, dinner, vegetables and beef, junior 03130 Babyfood, fruit, peaches, strained 03003 Babyfood, meat, beef, junior and strained 03013 Babyfood, meat, chicken, junior and strained 03011 Babyfood, meat, lamb, junior
03016 Babyfood, meat, turkey, junior and strained 03006 Babyfood, meat, veal, junior
03091 Babyfood, vegetables, green beans, strained 03121
Babyfood, vegetables, peas, strained
of food
0.48.0 0.212.0 16.050.0 2.849.0 3.97.0 1.429.0 29.042.0 6.142.0 3.433.0 1.946.0 0.425.0 9.828.0 7.134.0 1.817.0 8.99.4 0.97.2 9.7
21.0
21.05.0 2.36.7 1.13.5 0.40.6 3.11.5 12.03.3 6.62.8 4.71.7 6.91.7 0.12.9 0.5
5.1
0.72.02.40.41.30.01.02.20.90.81.01.01.11.418.01.31.40.90.90.44.41.61.60.02.03.81.56.60.30.31.00.02.3
3.2
11.00.21.61.51.00.42.70.72.30.32.11.24.30.52.40.63.20.50.41.50.5
1.0
0.80.07.30.03.20.414.00.02.40.06.80.020.00.07.00.06.20.075.00.07.80.02.10.211.00.072.00.01.20.00.60.022.0
0.0
16.00.020.01.711.01.04.00.628.05.631.05.838.09.328.06.837.07.517.00.425.0
0.4
11.01 B 22.01 B 55.01 B 67.01 B 11.01 B 37.01 B 64.01 B 68.01 B 41.01 B 120.01 B 39.01 B 32.01 B 52.01 B 97.01 B 11.02 B 8.81 B 49.0
1 B 32.01 B 31.014 A 17.03 A 8.52 B 38.011 A 43.011 A 55.07 A 40.03 A 50.01 B 23.02 B 32.0
1
B
13
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 03104 98082 Fats and Oils
Description
Babyfood, vegetables, squash, strained Infant formula, dry powder
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
0.32.5
4.6 72.0
0.222.0
0.55.2
2.120.0
0.27.0
7.6130.0
2 3
B C 98083 Canola oil margarine
04629 Margarine, 70% vegetable oil spread, soybean and soybean (hydrogenated)
04613 Margarine, vegetable oil spread, 60% fat, tub/bottle
04585 Margarine-butter blend, 60% corn oil margarine and 40% butter
42289 Oil, corn and canola 04053 Oil, olive, salad or cooking 04044 Oil, soybean, salad or cooking 04582 Oil, vegetable, canola
04114 Salad dressing, italian dressing, commercial, regular 04636 Salad dressing, italian dressing, fat free 98001 Salad Dressing, italian, regular with egg
04025 Salad dressing, mayonnaise, soybean oil, with salt 04027 Salad dressing, mayonnaise, imitation, soybean 04638 Salad dressing, ranch dressing, fat-free
Chicken and Turkey
98042 Chicken nuggets, frozen, (cooked) 98043 Chicken tenders, frozen, (cooked)
05006 Chicken, broilers and fryers, meat and skin, raw
05013 Chicken, broilers and fryers, meat only, roasted
98084 Chicken, broilers or fryers, back, meat only, cooked, rotisserie
98085 Chicken, broilers or fryers, breast, meat only, cooked, rotisserie
98110 Chicken, broilers or fryers, breast, meat only, cooked, rotisserie BBQ
98086
Chicken, broilers or fryers, drumstick, meat only, cooked,
0.10.1 0.00.5 0.00.1 0.10.3 0.00.0 0.10.0 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.01.5 1.81.5 0.01.6 0.00.0 0.40.3 0.3
1.6 18.05.8 29.03.8 7.86.0 5.75.7 6.65.8 6.43.2 8.03.1 12.0
6.0
0.40.21.30.40.30.20.81.40.20.00.30.00.20.00.10.01.00.01.40.22.90.02.40.11.10.01.8
0.5
1.31.11.41.11.03.61.13.70.82.81.62.11.82.31.1
3.0
10.00.012.00.09.50.04.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.10.50.47.40.418.00.913.00.60.0
0.0
28.05.228.05.041.08.554.015.044.011.046.08.947.06.062.0
12.0
11.01 14.01 10.01 6.51 0.22 0.31 0.21 0.21 2.61 4.01 12.01 22.02 15.01 3.9
1
41.03 39.02 60.01 79.01 64.02 62.06 60.04 84.0
7
C C C B B B B B B B B B B B A B B B B B B B
14
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1
rotisserie
98111 05009 05011 Chicken, broilers or fryers, drumstick, meat only, cooked, rotisserie BBQ
Chicken, broilers or fryers, meat and skin, cooked, roasted Chicken, broilers or fryers, meat only, raw
11.05.68.56.3 5.3 5.8 1.11.21.13.23.53.560.045.045.09.012.011.080.066.066.04 1 1 B B B Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
98087 Chicken, broilers or fryers, skin only, cooked, rotisserie 98112 Chicken, broilers or fryers, thigh, meat only, cooked, rotisserie BBQ
98088 Chicken, broilers or fryers, thigh, meat only, cooked, rotisserie
98089 Chicken, broilers or fryers, wing, meat only, cooked, rotisserie
05661 Chicken, liver, all classes, cooked, pan-fried 05028 Chicken, liver, all classes, cooked, simmered
05027 Chicken, liver, all classes, raw
05320 Chicken, wings, frozen, barbecue flavored, glazed, conventional
05313 Chicken, wings, frozen, barbecue flavored, glazed, microwaved
05312 Chicken, wings, frozen, barbecue flavored, glazed, raw 98041 Frozen chicken nuggets (uncooked)
05174 Turkey, gizzard, all classes, cooked, simmered 05173 Turkey, gizzard, all classes, raw
05176 Turkey, heart, all classes, cooked, simmered 05175 Turkey, heart, all classes, raw
05178 Turkey, liver, all classes, cooked, simmered 05177 Turkey, liver, all classes, raw
Soups, Sauces and Gravies 98121 Hot and sour soup
06931 Sauce, pasta, spaghetti/marinara, ready-to-serve 06164 Sauce, salsa, ready to serve
06019
Soup, chicken noodle, canned, condensed
6.15.1 11.05.3 8.45.8 5.74.9 21.069.0 13.048.0 17.049.0 14.04.0 17.05.7 13.04.6 23.05.5 1.89.5 2.041.0 3.13.9 3.325.0 2.59.7 3.0
64.0
1.10.6 0.68.5 0.37.3 12.0
3.3
1.41.81.02.40.82.80.92.27.76.08.84.916.04.11.51.71.41.51.41.62.11.53.13.60.35.01.43.40.93.713.02.917.0
2.1
0.30.20.82.01.01.30.9
0.4
25.013.052.07.446.09.749.011.0210.032.0210.015.0120.04.755.015.052.014.048.014.032.04.941.025.024.019.0140.022.084.014.0170.026.0120.0
16.0
37.01.82.40.02.00.15.9
0.8
46.07 68.04 65.06 68.02 330.04 290.04 190.04 77.01 74.02 70.01 46.01 82.01 90.01 170.01 130.01 220.01 220.0
1 40.01 14.02 12.01 11.0
2
B B B B A A A B B B B B B B B B B C B B B
15
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 06030 06159 Sausage and Luncheon Meats Description
Soup, clam chowder, new england, canned, condensed Soup, tomato, canned, condensed
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
24.04.2
2.0 6.1 0.90.9
0.41.1
3.54.3
0.20.4
6.913.0
1 1
B B 07956 Beef sausage, fresh, cooked 07954 Beef sausage, pre-cooked 07007 Bologna, beef 07960 Bologna, chicken, pork 07959 Bologna, chicken, pork, beef 07952 Bologna, chicken, turkey, pork 07022 Frankfurter, beef 07945 Frankfurter, beef, heated 07024 Frankfurter, chicken 07950 Frankfurter, meat 07949 Frankfurter, meat (heated)
07957 Pork and turkey sausage, fresh, cooked 07064 Pork sausage, fresh, cooked 07063 Pork sausage, fresh, raw 07953 Pork sausage, pre-cooked
07075 Sausage, smoked link sausage, pork and beef 07958 Turkey sausage, fresh, cooked 07955 Turkey sausage, fresh, raw
Breakfast Cereals
08259 Cereals ready to eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S CRISPIX 08074 Cereals ready to eat, RALSTON, TASTEEOS
08013 Cereals ready-to-eat, GENERAL MILLS, CHEERIOS
08202 Cereals ready-to-eat, GENERAL MILLS, OATMEAL CRISP with Almonds
08089 Cereals ready-to-eat, GENERAL MILLS, WHEATIES 08077
Cereals ready-to-eat, GENERAL MILLS, Whole Grain TOTAL
10.00.5 7.33.3 5.118.0 4.437.0 4.224.0 4.823.0 5.03.9 5.54.3 5.16.2 3.66.7 3.55.9 2.26.7 3.67.1 3.48.0 3.15.5 2.123.0 8.02.0 6.4
2.7 0.72.0 20.02.9 35.04.4 35.05.0 200.011.0 170.0
5.8
2.60.91.91.00.81.50.62.41.02.90.52.01.40.91.81.10.91.81.41.51.11.41.71.09.40.58.70.55.40.70.80.91.11.51.3
1.2
1.30.04.60.410.00.02.10.73.70.60.7
0.9
41.06.231.06.021.04.323.04.127.05.223.04.424.03.229.03.335.07.330.04.929.05.525.05.143.06.930.06.234.06.922.04.748.010.039.0
6.8
0.40.07.10.011.00.012.05.118.00.012.0
0.0
51.01 43.01 46.02 68.01 59.03 53.02 34.02 39.02 51.04 44.03 43.02 39.01 67.05 53.04 52.03 51.01 63.01 51.0
1
3.81 15.01 26.01 25.01 33.01 19.0
1
B B B B A B B B B A B B B A A B B B C C B C C B
16
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 08389 08001 08014 Description
Cereals ready-to-eat, Honey Puffed KASHI by KELLOGG Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S ALL-BRAN Original
Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S COCOA Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
68.0360.01.38.2 26.0 4.2 3.44.33.60.11.70.019.018.00.90.00.00.030.049.08.71 1 1 C B B KRISPIES
08020 Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S Corn Flakes 08030 Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S FROOT LOOPS
08065 Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S RICE KRISPIES
08067 Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S SPECIAL K 08383 Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, KELLOGG'S SPECIAL K RED BERRIES
08333 Cereals ready-to-eat, KRAFT, POST HONEY BUNCHES OF OATS Honey Roasted Cereal
08061 Cereals ready-to-eat, KRAFT, POST Raisin Bran Cereal 08012 Cereals ready-to-eat, QUAKER, CAP'N CRUNCH'S PEANUT BUTTER CRUNCH
08363 Cereals ready-to-eat, QUAKER, KRETSCHMER Toasted Wheat Bran
08218 Cereals ready-to-eat, QUAKER, QUAKER 100% Natural Cereal with oats, honey, and raisins
08505 Cereals ready-to-eat, RALSTON Corn Biscuits 08506 Cereals ready-to-eat, RALSTON Corn Flakes 08504 Cereals ready-to-eat, RALSTON Enriched Bran flakes 08435 Cereals ready-to-eat, UNCLE SAM CEREAL
08084 Cereals ready-to-eat, wheat germ, toasted, plain
08147 Cereals ready-to-eat, wheat, shredded, plain, sugar and salt free
08105 Cereals, CREAM OF WHEAT, quick, cooked with water, without salt
08121 Cereals, oats, regular and quick and instant, unenriched, cooked with water, without salt
08092 Cereals, QUAKER, corn grits, instant, plain, dry
08093 Cereals, QUAKER, corn grits, instant, plain, prepared with water
0.71.4 33.01.8 0.52.0 26.012.0 38.07.5 22.06.0 290.012.0 1.87.1 320.054.0 140.08.3 7.12.6 1.21.6 120.011.0 250.012.0 410.0130.0 160.05.5 6.91.6 3.11.3 1.14.2 0.2
1.0
2.10.03.00.53.10.04.10.32.10.42.00.15.00.81.70.75.92.011.02.04.90.10.30.02.00.57.10.618.02.23.20.90.70.01.60.01.40.30.4
0.1
0.50.05.20.01.00.012.02.16.45.55.30.011.00.05.20.019.00.911.00.00.62.90.30.015.03.029.00.023.02.714.00.01.20.04.50.06.22.41.2
0.0
3.91 11.01 6.02 31.02 22.01 13.01 29.01 15.01 81.02 32.01 11.01 2.21 31.02 50.01 180.02 23.01 3.51 7.41 14.01 2.6
1
B B B B C C B B B B C C C B B B B B B B
17
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1
98005 09003 09032 Description
Fruits and Fruit Products
Apple juice, calcium enriched with added vitamin C Apples, raw, with skin
Apricots, dried, sulfured, uncooked Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
0.10.10.30.7 0.3 7.1 0.70.00.80.00.00.00.43.16.00.00.00.01.83.414.0 1 1 1 B B B 09038 Avocados, raw, California 09040 Bananas, raw 09042 Blackberries, raw 09050 Blueberries, raw 09433 Clementines, raw 09078 Cranberries, raw 09087 Dates, deglet noor 09421 Dates, medjool
09094 Figs, dried, uncooked
09135 Grape juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, without added vitamin C
09112 Grapefruit, raw, pink and red, all areas
09132 Grapes, red or green (European type varieties, such as, Thompson seedless), raw 09434 Guanabana nectar, canned 09435 Guava nectar, canned
09148 Kiwi fruit, (Chinese gooseberries), fresh, raw 09160 Lime juice, raw 09436 Mango nectar, canned 09181 Melons, cantaloupe, raw 09191 Nectarines, raw
09209 Orange juice, chilled, includes from concentrate
09214 Orange juice, frozen concentrate, unsweetened, undiluted 09202 Oranges, raw, navel
98114 Peaches, canned in heavy syrup, drained liquid 09370 Peaches, canned, heavy syrup, drained, solids 09236 Peaches, raw
09257
Pears, canned, heavy syrup pack, solids and liquids
0.78.6 0.13.2 0.31.8 0.23.0 0.111.0 0.21.3 0.46.1 0.48.9 0.813.0 0.23.0 0.23.6 0.14.8 0.00.8 0.10.5 0.52.6 0.21.1 0.01.0 0.14.1 0.21.7 0.22.2 0.58.1 0.14.7 0.30.5 0.30.4 0.30.8 0.3
0.6
0.72.55.60.50.80.00.60.70.50.31.00.50.00.10.00.00.40.10.00.01.20.30.00.61.20.20.50.01.00.50.90.70.30.30.71.11.20.61.90.44.20.61.10.51.00.50.90.51.10.51.1
0.0
2.20.10.40.06.00.01.80.02.10.22.60.00.10.00.80.22.60.00.20.02.60.00.20.00.10.00.10.03.60.02.50.00.00.01.60.02.70.02.20.07.00.02.10.00.40.21.80.23.70.00.3
0.0
14.02 9.81 8.61 6.01 14.01 5.51 6.32 9.91 16.02 3.21 7.52 5.62 2.21 1.11 7.82 5.11 1.51 7.61 6.21 6.62 20.01 8.42 2.71 3.81 6.11 1.9
1
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
18
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 09252 09430 09429 09291 Pears, raw
Pineapple, raw, extra sweet variety Pineapple, raw, traditional varieties Plums, dried, (prunes), uncooked Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
0.20.10.10.42.2 4.2 5.1 6.7 0.20.00.00.90.00.40.50.02.70.80.12.50.00.00.00.05.15.45.710.03 1 1 2 B B B B 09298 Raisins, seedless 09302 Raspberries, raw 09316 Strawberries, raw 09437 Tamarind nectar, canned
09218 Tangerines, (mandarin oranges), raw 09326 Watermelon, raw
Pork products 98092 Pickled pigs feet
10864 Pork, bacon, rendered fat, cooked 10860 Pork, cured, bacon, cooked, baked 10861 Pork, cured, bacon, cooked, microwaved 10862 Pork, cured, bacon, cooked, pan-fried
10123 Pork, cured, bacon, raw
10865 Pork, cured, ham -- water added, rump, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10867 Pork, cured, ham -- water added, shank, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10868 Pork, cured, ham -- water added, slice, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, pan-broil
10878 Pork, cured, ham -- water added, slice, boneless, separable lean only, heated, pan-broil
10879 Pork, cured, ham -- water added, whole, boneless, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10880 Pork, cured, ham -- water added, whole, boneless, separable lean only, unheated
10877 Pork, cured, ham and water product, rump, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10881
Pork, cured, ham and water product, shank, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
0.39.4 0.83.1 0.20.6 0.10.3 0.15.2 0.3
3.1 0.40.7 0.20.2 3.412.0 3.012.0 4.212.0 0.94.4 5.02.0 2.92.7 5.52.0 4.81.6 4.31.2 3.51.5 3.61.8 5.3
2.2
0.31.11.60.60.90.00.90.11.00.60.0
0.7
2.30.00.00.014.02.511.02.519.03.04.61.49.61.07.81.19.00.910.00.89.00.89.70.99.50.97.3
0.9
0.30.07.00.04.20.00.00.03.50.00.2
0.1
10.015.05.41.082.09.389.011.087.010.032.03.965.05.971.08.370.08.161.05.557.05.955.05.274.08.383.0
10.0
11.02 12.01 5.71 1.31 10.01 4.1
1
28.01 6.51 120.04 120.04 130.04 47.04 84.01 91.02 90.04 79.04 74.04 72.04 94.02 100.0
2
B B B B B B B B A A A A B B A B B B B B
19
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
10869 Pork, cured, ham and water product, slice, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, pan-broil
10870 Pork, cured, ham and water product, slice, boneless, separable lean only, heated, pan-broil
10871 Pork, cured, ham and water product, whole, boneless, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10872 Pork, cured, ham and water product, whole, boneless, separable lean only, unheated
10873 Pork, cured, ham with natural juices, rump, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10874 Pork, cured, ham with natural juices, shank, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10875 Pork, cured, ham with natural juices, slice, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, pan-broil
10882 Pork, cured, ham with natural juices, slice, boneless, separable lean only, heated, pan-broil
10876 Pork, cured, ham with natural juices, spiral slice, meat only, boneless, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10883 Pork, cured, ham with natural juices, whole, boneless, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10884 Pork, cured, ham with natural juices, whole, boneless, separable lean only, unheated
10931 Pork, cured, ham, rump, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10932 Pork, cured, ham, rump, bone-in, separable lean only, unheated
10894 Pork, cured, ham, separable fat, boneless, heated 10895 Pork, cured, ham, separable fat, boneless, unheated 10933 Pork, cured, ham, shank, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, roasted
10934 Pork, cured, ham, shank, bone-in, separable lean only, unheated
10899 Pork, cured, ham, slice, bone-in, separable lean only, heated, pan-broil
10938 Pork, cured, ham, slice, bone-in, separable lean only, unheated
98095 Pork, fresh, enhanced, separable fat, cooked 98094 Pork, fresh, enhanced, separable fat, raw 10220
Pork, fresh, ground, cooked
of food
3.92.2 4.52.2 4.42.8 3.21.3 3.01.7 2.92.2 1.82.0 6.31.5 3.70.6 7.82.0 5.51.5 7.31.6 6.31.3 2.60.8 1.90.4 7.21.2 6.01.1 7.31.3 6.11.1 2.01.3 1.72.0 4.7
3.0
9.00.87.10.86.50.68.50.815.00.88.10.923.00.912.00.911.01.09.51.012.01.08.20.98.20.94.80.64.30.68.61.07.71.19.81.08.11.18.00.56.90.616.0
0.7
73.07.750.04.549.04.450.04.781.013.084.09.6100.013.062.06.367.06.561.06.755.05.584.010.072.09.227.03.623.02.883.012.072.08.589.012.073.010.028.08.519.05.559.0
8.2
92.02 B 65.02 B 63.02 B 65.02 B 110.02 B 100.02 B 140.01 B 82.04 A 86.01 B 80.03 B 75.04 A 110.03 B 92.03 B 37.01 B 31.01 B 110.03 B 91.03 B 110.03 B 93.03 B 46.04 B 34.04 B 87.0
4
A
20
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
10219 Pork, fresh, ground, raw
10061 Pork, fresh, loin, tenderloin, separable lean only, cooked, roasted
10060 Pork, fresh, loin, tenderloin, separable lean only, raw
10068 Pork, fresh, loin, top loin (chops), boneless, separable lean only, cooked, broiled
10066 Pork, fresh, loin, top loin (chops), boneless, separable lean only, raw
10007 Pork, fresh, separable fat, cooked
10006 Pork, fresh, separable fat, raw
10085 Pork, fresh, shoulder, (Boston butt), blade (steaks), separable lean only, cooked, braised
10084 Pork, fresh, shoulder, (Boston butt), blade (steaks), separable lean only, raw 10898 Pork, pickled pork hocks
Vegetables and Vegetable Products
11001 Alfalfa seeds, sprouted, raw
11008 Artichokes, (globe or French), cooked, boiled, drained without salt
98010 Artichokes, microwaved
11012 Asparagus, cooked, boiled, drained
11011 Asparagus, raw
11061 Beans, snap, green, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained without salt
11084 Beets, canned, drained solids 11080 Beets, raw 11096 Broccoli raab, raw
11091 Broccoli, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt 11097 Broccoli, raab, cooked 11090 Broccoli, raw
11099 Brussels sprouts, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt 11110 Cabbage, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt 11109
Cabbage, raw
of food
3.73.1 4.31.8 3.01.6 2.81.1 3.11.2 1.91.6 2.41.5 3.55.5 4.15.4 1.1
1.2 0.411.0 0.24.2 0.46.4 0.96.6 0.612.0 0.14.0 260.00.3 130.04.1 0.312.0 0.18.5 0.24.3 0.118.0 0.223.0 0.37.6 0.4
6.1
15.00.817.00.724.00.612.00.614.00.86.00.45.70.69.10.711.01.03.5
0.3
0.61.81.113.00.01.10.93.50.62.40.81.40.61.10.60.90.06.41.39.32.413.00.00.43.20.04.01.42.9
1.3
45.05.962.07.649.06.157.07.538.05.320.05.214.03.685.09.055.06.034.0
18.0
1.00.016.00.015.00.015.00.00.90.07.30.05.40.00.40.00.20.121.00.014.00.00.10.114.00.07.20.00.3
0.0
69.04 A 89.04 A 81.04 A 78.04 A 60.04 A 33.04 A 25.04 A 110.04 A 79.04 A 58.0
1 B
14.01 B 34.01 B 22.01 B 26.01 B 16.01 B 14.01 B 7.52 B 6.01 B 18.02 B 40.01 B 34.05 A 19.02 B 41.01 B 20.01 B 11.0
1
B
21
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
11113 Cabbage, red, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt 11112 Cabbage, red, raw
11125 Carrots, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt 11124 Carrots, raw 11960 Carrots, baby, raw 11935 Catsup
11136 Cauliflower, cooked, boiled, drained without salt 11143 Celery, raw
11179 Corn, sweet yellow, frozen, kernels cut of cob, boiled, drained, without salt 11206 Cucumber, peeled, raw 11205 Cucumber, with peel, raw 11212 Edamame, frozen, prepared 11211 Edamame, frozen, unprepared
11234 Kale, cooked, boiled, drained without salt 35196 Lambsquarters, raw 11250 Lettuce, butterhead, raw 11251 Lettuce, cos or romaine, raw
11252 Lettuce, iceberg (includes crisphead types), raw 11257 Lettuce, red leaf, raw 11260 Mushrooms, raw 11282 Onions, raw 11294 Onions, sweet, raw 11286 Onions, yellow, sauted
11313 Peas, green, frozen, cooked, boiled, drained without salt 11333 Peppers, sweet, green, raw 11339 Peppers, sweet, green, sautéed 11821 Peppers, sweet, red, raw 11921 Peppers, sweet, red, sautéed 11937 Pickles, cucumber, dill or kosher dill
11940
Pickles, cucumber, sweet (includes bread and butter pickles)
of food
0.15.0 0.19.7 0.10.4 0.46.8 0.15.4 0.27.5 0.125.0 0.15.3 0.28.9 0.13.5 0.14.0 4.56.9 0.79.2 0.30.1 330.013.0 0.15.9 0.17.6 0.14.8 0.27.9 11.05.9 0.14.4 0.13.7 0.13.4 0.22.2 0.13.6 0.10.4 0.14.0 0.11.2 0.00.9 0.3
0.9
6.12.54.02.00.41.10.01.10.00.71.41.80.71.80.00.70.61.70.50.70.50.91.52.00.34.00.00.00.31.90.02.40.01.60.01.50.03.45.11.40.60.70.70.60.60.60.80.70.01.20.51.20.51.00.51.50.30.70.7
0.7
7.90.01.50.06.80.00.80.01.50.01.80.112.00.00.20.011.00.00.90.00.60.046.00.043.00.00.30.04.50.00.20.00.70.00.40.00.50.04.50.00.50.00.50.01.90.024.00.00.70.02.80.00.00.02.90.01.20.30.7
0.2
21.01 B 17.01 B 8.81 B 8.81 B 7.51 B 13.02 B 39.01 B 6.12 B 22.01 B 5.71 B 6.01 B 56.01 B 56.01 B 0.41 B 20.01 B 8.52 B 9.93 B 6.72 B 12.01 B 17.01 B 6.11 B 5.52 B 6.51 B 28.01 B 5.61 B 4.81 B 5.61 B 6.11 B 3.41 B 3.1
1
B
22
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
11403 Potatoes, french fried, frozen, home prepared, heated in oven without salt
11402 Potatoes, french fried, frozen, unprepared
11657 Potatoes, mashed, home-prepared, whole milk added 11358 Potatoes, red, flesh and skin, baked 11355 Potatoes, red, flesh and skin, raw 11356 Potatoes, russet, flesh and skin, baked 11353 Potatoes, russet, flesh and skin, raw 11357 Potatoes, white, flesh and skin, baked 11354 Potatoes, white, flesh and skin, raw 11429 Radishes, raw
11439 sauerkraut, canned, solids and liquids
11464 Spinach, frozen, chopped or leaf, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt
11463 Spinach, frozen, chopped or leaf, unprepared
98013 Spinach, frozen, whole leaf, cooked, microwaved
11478 Squash, summer zucchini, includes skin, cooked, boiled, drained, without salt
11644 Squash, winter, all varieties, cooked, baked without salt 11508 Sweet potato, cooked, baked in skin, without salt 11546 Tomato products, canned, paste, without salt added 11549 Tomato products, canned, sauce 98011 Tomatoes, red, cooked, microwaved 11529 Tomatoes, red, ripe, raw, year round average
Nuts and Seed Products 12061 Nuts, almonds
12078 Nuts, brazil nuts, dried, unblanched
12586 Nuts, cashew nuts, oil roasted, with salt added
12109 Nuts, coconut meat, dried (desiccated), sweetened, flaked, packaged
12118
Nuts, coconut milk, canned (liquid expressed from grated meat and water)
of food
0.714.0 0.715.0 0.48.4 0.28.5 0.29.7 0.28.1 0.210.0 0.26.8 0.27.9 0.14.8 0.58.7 110.01.7 120.02.3 130.02.2 0.30.5 0.22.1 35.00.9 0.426.0 0.86.5 0.14.4 0.1
4.4 0.59.4 0.416.0 11.020.0 1.39.7 0.0
5.1
2.61.21.41.01.30.83.81.25.70.81.60.71.70.72.70.92.60.30.01.00.90.00.01.10.21.40.01.80.72.40.62.62.02.61.74.30.81.60.01.90.0
1.8
1.21.91.00.33.30.92.82.80.6
0.6
6.40.05.10.03.90.05.30.00.20.04.60.00.10.04.10.00.30.00.60.00.60.222.00.018.00.024.00.05.70.05.30.07.70.06.20.11.00.01.80.00.5
0.0
40.00.011.00.037.00.04.00.02.2
0.1
24.03 B 22.02 B 14.01 B 19.02 B 16.03 B 15.03 A 13.01 B 14.02 B 11.02 B 6.52 B 10.02 B 25.02 B 22.03 A 28.02 B 9.41 B 11.01 B 13.02 B 39.01 B 9.91 B 8.02 B 6.7
2 B
52.05 A 29.02 B 61.05 A 19.01 B 8.5
1
C
23
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
12120 Nuts, hazelnuts or filberts
12632 Nuts, macadamia nuts, dry roasted, with salt added 12142 Nuts, pecans 12147 Nuts, pine nuts, dried
12652 Nuts, pistachio nuts, dry roasted, with salt added 12154 Nuts, walnuts, black, dried 12155 Nuts, walnuts, english
12220 Seeds, flaxseed
98014 Seeds, psyllium seed, husk powder ( dietary fiber supplement)
12516 Seeds, pumpkin and squash seed kernels, roasted, with salt added
12663 Seeds, pumpkin and squash seeds, whole, roasted, with salt added
12201 Seeds, sesame seed kernels, dried (decorticated) 12036 Seeds, sunflower seed kernels, dried
Beef and Beef Products
Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder tender, medallion, 23035 separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, cooked, grilled
23034 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder tender, medallion, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, raw Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder tender, medallion, 23065 separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, cooked, grilled
23036 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder tender, medallion, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, raw
Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder top and center steaks, 23038 steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, cooked, grilled
23037 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder top and center steaks, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, raw Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder top and center steaks, 23040
steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, cooked, grilled
of food
0.415.0 0.311.0 0.79.7 0.48.4 0.811.0 0.68.3 0.37.3 3.139.0 2.95.2 1.540.0 0.313.0 0.79.6 35.0
18.0
14.00.7 12.01.0 13.00.7 12.00.9 16.00.6 15.00.8 13.0
0.7
5.00.91.81.16.11.30.72.11.78.57.40.610.00.83.10.60.90.00.92.33.63.83.12.85.6
1.3
5.51.56.11.57.81.49.31.54.51.15.11.25.2
1.3
25.00.030.00.023.00.045.00.051.00.016.00.021.00.036.00.02.50.020.00.718.00.410.00.029.0
0.7
84.011.059.07.291.012.065.08.577.011.071.07.186.0
11.0
46.05 A 45.05 A 41.05 A 56.05 A 71.08 A 32.01 B 39.05 A 79.01 B 8.61 B 63.01 C 39.01 C 26.01 B 55.0
2 B
100.01 B 75.01 B 110.01 B 85.01 B 94.01 B 85.01 B 100.0
1
B
24
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
23039 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, shoulder top and center steaks, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, raw 23042 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, top blade, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, cooked, grilled
23041 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, top blade, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, raw
23044 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, top blade, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, cooked, grilled
23043 Beef, chuck, shoulder clod, top blade, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, raw 98096 Beef, grass-fed, ground, raw
98097 Beef, grass-fed, short loin, top loin, separable lean only, 0\" trim, raw
13497 Beef, ground, 70% lean meat/ 30% fat, patty, cooked, broiled
13498 Beef, ground, 70% lean meat/ 30% fat, raw
23578 Beef, ground, 75% lean meat/ 25% fat, patty, cooked, broiled
23577 Beef, ground, 75% lean meat/ 25% fat, raw
23573 Beef, ground, 80% lean meat/ 20% fat, patty, cooked, broiled
23572 Beef, ground, 80% lean meat/ 20% fat, raw
23567 Beef, ground, 85% lean meat/ 15% fat, raw
23568 Beef, ground, 85% lean meat/ 15% fat, patty, cooked, broiled
23562 Beef, ground, 90% lean meat/ 10% fat, raw
23563 Beef, ground, 90% lean meat/ 10% fat, patty, cooked, broiled
23557 Beef, ground, 95% lean meat/ 5% fat, raw
23558 Beef, ground, 95% lean meat/ 5% fat, patty, cooked, broiled 23046 Beef, round, knuckle, tip center, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, cooked, grilled
23045 Beef, round, knuckle, tip center, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, raw
23048 Beef, round, knuckle, tip center, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, cooked, grilled
23047
Beef, round, knuckle, tip center, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, raw
of food
12.01.0 17.01.6 15.01.9 12.01.7 12.02.2 7.81.0 7.60.6 10.02.3 8.52.6 8.52.3 7.42.6 8.02.3 7.32.6 7.22.6 7.52.2 7.02.5 7.12.2 6.92.5 6.62.2 16.00.5 17.00.6 13.00.5 13.0
0.6
5.81.24.31.94.91.74.01.95.71.53.20.93.40.62.40.32.40.52.60.32.60.42.80.32.80.43.00.33.00.33.20.33.10.33.30.23.30.44.21.16.41.65.01.25.2
1.0
72.07.083.012.068.06.294.011.086.07.455.06.754.06.365.08.336.05.166.08.241.05.468.08.045.05.650.05.869.07.954.06.171.07.759.06.372.07.687.011.065.07.587.012.071.0
8.1
87.01 B 100.01 B 83.01 B 110.01 B 100.01 B 67.013 A 65.011 A 78.01 A 47.01 A 79.01 A 52.01 A 81.01 A 56.01 A 61.01 A 82.01 A 66.01 A 84.01 A 71.01 A 85.01 A 100.01 B 81.01 B 100.01 B 86.0
1
B
25
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
23032 Beef, round, knuckle, tip side, steak, separable lean and fat , trimmed to 0\" fat, select, raw
23031 Beef, round, knuckle, tip side, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, cooked, grilled
23030 Beef, round, knuckle, tip side, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, raw
23033 Beef, round, knuckle, tip side, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, cooked, grilled
23050 Beef, round, outside round, bottom round, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, cooked, grilled
23049 Beef, round, outside round, bottom round, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, choice, raw
23052 Beef, round, outside round, bottom round, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, cooked, grilled
23051 Beef, round, outside round, bottom round, steak, separable lean and fat, trimmed to 0\" fat, select, raw
13326 Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, braised 13327 Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, pan-fried13325 Beef, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw
Beverages
14006 Alcoholic beverage, beer, light 14003 Alcoholic beverage, beer, regular 14106 Alcoholic beverage, wine table, white 14096 Alcoholic beverage, wine, table, red
14400 Carbonated beverage, cola, contains caffeine
14416 Carbonated beverage, low calorie, cola or pepper-type, with aspartame, contains caffeine 14150 Carbonated beverage, orange
14209 Coffee, brewed from grounds, prepared with tap water 14218 Coffee, instant, decaffeinated, powder 14242 Cranberry juice cocktail, bottled 98015 Iced tea, fast food, unsweetened 14287 Lemonade mix, sugar sweetened
14542
Lemonade, frozen concentrate, sugar sweetened, pink
of food
8.10.9 17.00.4 12.00.8 6.90.5 11.00.5 15.00.8 12.00.5 11.00.9 5.662.0 6.357.0 4.4
56.0
6.35.5 8.15.7 0.23.4 0.34.5 0.10.0 0.10.0 0.10.0 0.11.9 0.794.0 0.10.4 1.00.4 0.70.1 0.1
0.4
5.70.94.01.04.81.04.50.94.60.84.71.05.90.95.80.783.012.078.012.085.0
12.0
2.50.04.20.01.40.01.10.00.40.00.00.00.60.00.70.08.20.00.70.00.00.00.00.00.6
0.0
76.07.987.011.072.07.782.014.077.012.070.07.272.012.077.07.0250.024.0250.024.0170.0
14.0
0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.0
0.0
91.01 B 100.01 B 87.01 B 100.01 B 94.01 B 84.01 B 92.01 B 91.01 B 430.04 A 420.04 A 330.0
4 A
7.92 B 9.92 B 4.72 B 5.71 B 0.44 B 0.02 B 0.61 B 2.63 A 100.01 B 1.11 B 0.41 B 0.11 B 1.9
1
B
26
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
14292 Lemonade, frozen concentrate, sugar sweetened, white 14347 Shake, fast food, vanilla
Finfish and Shellfish Products
15138 Crab, Alaska king, imitation, made with surimi 15152 Crustacean, shrimp, mixed species, canned 15141 Crustaceans, crab, blue canned 15016 Fish, cod, Atlantic, cooked, dry heat
15027 Fish, fish portions and sticks, frozen, preheated 15232 Fish, roughy, orange, cooked, dry heat 15073 Fish, roughy, orange, raw
15237 Fish, salmon, Atlantic, farmed, cooked, dry heat 15236 Fish, salmon, Atlantic, farmed, raw
15260 Fish, salmon, pink, canned, drained solids with bone 15087 Fish, salmon, sockeye, canned, drained solids with bone 15086 Fish, salmon, sockeye, cooked, dry heat 15262 Fish, tilapia, cooked, dry heat 15261 Fish, tilapia, raw
15121 Fish, tuna, light, canned in water, drained solids
Legume and Legume Products
16006 Beans, baked, canned, plain or vegetarian 98019 Beans, baked, canned, plain or vegetarian, heated 16010 Beans, baked, canned, with pork and sweet sauce 16011 Beans, baked, canned, with pork and tomato sauce 98020 Beans, baked, canned, with pork and tomato sauce, heated 16034 Beans, kidney, red, mature seeds, canned 16039 Beans, navy, mature seeds, canned
16038 Beans, navy, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt 16037 Beans, navy, mature seeds, raw
16043
Beans, pinto, mature seeds, cooked, boiled without salt
of food
0.40.4 1.2
3.9 1.80.8 23.01.5 13.00.1 9.718.0 45.07.7 3.118.0 2.114.0 1.87.8 3.09.9 9.04.3 3.74.0 2.18.6 25.021.0 22.08.1 2.7
2.1 0.117.0 0.114.0 0.113.0 0.425.0 0.111.0 0.117.0 0.114.0 0.121.0 0.150.0 0.1
11.0
0.60.19.3
1.4
0.50.24.90.82.50.330.01.613.00.79.32.33.62.241.01.243.01.028.00.631.00.85.91.11.22.50.71.45.9
0.0
1.30.81.80.91.60.91.61.01.60.92.10.60.80.61.90.04.50.01.4
0.2
0.90.04.4
2.6
11.00.367.06.626.04.433.01.413.01.717.02.413.01.837.03.422.03.052.02.544.02.148.01.854.04.130.02.718.0
2.9
12.00.011.00.09.20.012.00.011.00.013.00.012.00.022.00.033.00.022.0
0.0
2.01 B 22.0
2 B
13.01 B 81.02 B 34.01 B 84.01 B 36.05 B 49.02 B 35.02 B 91.01 B 79.01 B 88.04 B 83.03 B 66.01 B 83.01 B 43.03 B 29.0
1 B
32.01 B 28.01 B 25.01 B 39.02 B 24.01 B 33.02 B 27.02 B 45.01 B 87.01 B 35.0
4
A
27
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
16042 Beans, pinto, mature seeds, raw 43133 Burgers, soy protein, frozen 16097 Peanut butter, chunk style, with salt 16098 Peanut butter, smooth style with salt 16399 Peanut butter, with omega-3, creamy 16087 Peanuts, all types, raw 16117 Soy flour, defatted
16120 Soy milk, fluid
98021 Soy protein powder, dietary supplement, cholesterol free, low fat enriched with vitamins
16123 Soy sauce made from soy and wheat (shoyu)
16108 Soybeans, mature seeds, raw
16126 Tofu, firm, prepared with calcium sulfate and magnesium chloride (nigari)
16127 Tofu, soft, prepared with calcium sulfate and magnesium chloride (nigari)
16147 Veggie burgers, unprepared
Lamb, Veal and Game
98022 Mutton, roasted from mutton sandwich
17203 Veal, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, braised 17204 Veal, variety meats and by-products, liver, cooked, pan-fried17202 Veal, variety meats and by-products, liver, raw
Baked Products
18001 Bagels, plain, enriched, with calcium propionate (includes onion, poppy, sesame)
18002 Bagels, plain, toasted, enriched, with calcium propionate (includes onion, poppy, sesame)
18009 Biscuits, plain or buttermilk, commercially baked 18012 Biscuits, plain or buttermilk, refrigerated dough, lower fat 18013
Biscuits, plain or buttermilk, refrigerated dough, lower fat, baked
of food
0.432.0 5.09.9 1.025.0 0.426.0 0.639.0 0.618.0 2.8120.0 0.813.0 0.215.0 30.018.0 2.147.0 0.48.3 0.49.7 6.1
13.0
34.01.7 9.889.0 8.193.0 7.6
85.0
20.07.7 22.08.6 43.06.9 42.016.0 45.0
17.0
2.90.81.80.41.32.21.10.71.01.81.31.87.01.51.33.51.10.00.20.32.91.10.60.00.70.01.1
0.2
9.90.655.06.757.09.764.0
11.0
1.90.32.00.31.30.61.70.00.9
0.3
31.00.02.20.033.00.038.00.053.00.032.00.063.00.85.70.070.00.00.00.065.00.019.00.017.00.04.6
0.5
81.07.9220.028.0220.027.0130.0
17.0
5.50.05.60.00.20.00.41.00.6
0.9
66.01 B 14.01 B 61.03 A 66.02 B 95.01 C 53.04 A 190.02 B 24.01 B 86.01 B 18.01 B 120.02 C 28.01 B 27.01 B 19.0
2 B
100.01 B 400.02 B 410.02 B 310.0
2 B
15.02 B 16.02 B 8.91 B 19.01 B 20.0
1
B
28
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
18029 Bread, french or vienna (includes sourdough) 18030 Bread, french or vienna, toasted (includes sourdough) 18064 Bread, wheat, (includes wheat berry)
18065 Bread, wheat, toasted (includes wheat berry)
18069 Bread, white, commercially prepared, (includes soft bread crumbs)
18075 Bread, whole-wheat, commercially prepared
18101 Cake, chocolate, dry mix, regular, prepared
18452 Cake, snack cakes, cupcakes, chocolate, with frosting, low-fat
18141 Cake, yellow, commercially prepared, with vanilla frosting 18159 Cookies, chocolate chip, commercially prepared, reg, higher fat, enriched
18173 Cookies, graham crackers, plain or honey (includes cinnamon)
18927 Crackers, cheese, sandwich-type with cheese filling 18215 Crackers, cheese, sandwich-type with peanut butter filling 18228 Crackers, saltines (includes oyster, soda, soup) 18229 Crackers, standard snack-type, regular
18232 Crackers, wheat, regular
18246 Danish pastry, fruit enriched (includes apple, cinnamon, raisin, lemon, raspberry, strawberry)
18248 Doughnuts, cake-type, plain (includes un-sugared, old-fashioned)
18249 Doughnuts, cake-type, plain, chocolate-coated or frosted 18258 English muffins, plain, enriched, with ca prop (includes sourdough)
18259 English muffins, plain, toasted, enriched, with calcium propionate (includes sourdough)
18262 English muffins, raisin-cinnamon (includes apple-cinnamon) 18263 English muffins, raisin-cinnamon, toasted (includes apple-cinnamon)
18375 Leavening agents, yeast, baker's, active dry 18274
Muffins, blueberry, commercially prepared
of food
55.06.9 59.08.8 85.012.0 92.014.0 31.08.6 38.018.0 48.05.4 22.05.0 19.04.6 43.08.9 39.013.0 416.7 3411.0 55.013.0 52.08.2 58.019.0 14.08.7 38.04.9 27.05.4 33.05.2 36.06.4 28.04.9 32.06.3 3.46.1 22.0
3.9
3.40.43.20.43.80.33.60.33.70.14.90.361.00.610.00.61.30.01.40.53.60.415.01.32.80.86.30.03.90.03.40.52.20.73.00.61.90.65.70.06.90.04.50.25.40.216.02.63.6
0.7
4.10.05.10.03.10.04.00.02.30.03.30.059.02.94.40.329.01.56.20.05.20.04.40.011.00.00.70.01.70.03.51.19.60.728.01.120.00.82.70.02.50.03.00.02.60.06.21.241.0
2.2
15.01 B 18.01 B 19.01 B 22.01 B 15.02 B 27.02 B 130.01 B 21.01 B 36.01 B 17.01 B 22.05 B 28.01 B 25.01 B 20.01 B 14.01 B 27.06 B 22.04 B 37.01 B 29.01 B 14.01 B 16.01 B 13.01 B 15.01 B 32.01 C 52.0
1
B
29
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 18273 98116 18290 Description
Muffins, plain, prepared from recipe, made with low fat (2%) milk
Muffins, wheat bran, prepared from recipe Pancakes, plain, dry mix, complete, prepared
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
92.036.026.015.0 8.1 5.5 2.93.01.50.70.70.024.020.011.01.44.30.943.036.019.01 2 1 B B B 18288 Pancakes, plain, frozen, ready-to-heat (includes buttermilk) 18936 Pancakes, plain, frozen, ready-to-heat, microwave (includes buttermilk)
18301 Pie, apple, commercially prepared, enriched flour 98024 Plain danish pastry 18360 Taco shells, baked
18939 Toaster Pastries, fruit, toasted
18489 Toaster Pastries, KELLOGG, KELLOGG 's pop tarts, frosted strawberry
18488 Toaster Pastries, KELLOGG, KELLOGG 's pop tarts, strawberry
98026 Toaster Pastries, strawberry, frosted, toasted 18363 Tortillas, ready-to-bake or -fry, corn 18364 Tortillas, ready-to-bake or -fry, flour
Sugars and Sweets
19078 Baking chocolate, unsweetened, squares
19076 Candies, caramels, chocolate-flavor roll
19141 Candies, MASTERFOODS USA, M&M's Milk Chocolate Candies
19120 Candies, milk chocolate
98031 Candies, milk chocolate coated wafer bars
98033 Candies, milk chocolate coated, caramel and nougat bars with peanuts
98032 Candies, milk chocolate pieces, sugar coated 19226 Frostings, chocolate, creamy, ready-to-eat 19230 Frostings, vanilla, creamy, ready-to-eat 42187 Frozen yogurts, flavors other than chocolate 98034
Frozen yogurts, vanilla, fat free
72.03.5 69.04.1 16.04.7 8.13.0 0.68.1 22.04.5 20.03.6 21.04.0 19.03.8 0.44.1 5.3
4.6 2.634.0 1.46.2 0.89.1 2.69.1 6.17.9 0.912.0 1.39.6 2.25.6 2.60.8 0.95.1 0.8
3.7
15.00.812.00.91.00.02.70.63.32.71.50.91.50.01.60.61.60.02.40.21.5
0.2
0.90.05.02.93.92.022.02.316.00.011.01.722.03.10.00.00.00.09.22.113.0
1.1
9.81.39.91.31.50.09.41.00.02.30.02.70.02.10.02.20.06.50.01.7
0.0
0.04.30.35.71.11.96.30.70.77.51.31.30.01.50.04.81.83.7
1.2
31.01 B 28.02 B 7.21 B 17.01 B 30.01 B 9.21 B 7.81 B 8.41 B 7.61 B 13.01 B 7.9
1 B
46.01 B 19.01 B 22.02 B 46.01 B 31.01 B 38.02 B 44.01 B 6.91 B 2.31 B 23.01 B 23.0
1
B
30
16.011.011.013.0USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
98029 Gelatin desserts, strawberry flavor, with fruit juice, ready-to-eat
98028 Gelatin desserts, strawberry flavor, ready-to-eat 19296 Honey
19270 Ice creams, chocolate 19095 Ice creams, vanilla
98030 Ice creams, vanilla and sherbet, orange 98035 Ice creams, vanilla, fat free, no sugar added 19297 Jams and preserves, includes fruit spreads 19304 Molasses
19183 Puddings, chocolate, ready-to-eat 19334 Sugars, brown
Cereal Grains and Pastas 20001 Amaranth 20131 Barley malt flour
20010 Buckwheat groats, roasted, cooked 20009 Buckwheat groats, roasted, dry
20013 Bulgur wheat, cooked
08231 Cereals, QUAKER, Oat Bran, QUAKER/MOTHER'S Oat Bran, dry
20015 Corn bran, crude
20317 Corn flour, masa, enriched, yellow 20022 Cornmeal, degermed, enriched, yellow 20020 Cornmeal, whole-grain, yellow 20138 Kamut, uncooked
20110 Noodles, egg, cooked, enriched 20109 Noodles, egg, dry, enriched 20033 Oat bran, raw 20038 Oat flour, whole grain 20035 Quinoa
20037
Rice, brown, long-grain, cooked
of food
0.80.1 0.10.0 1.71.2 0.65.1 1.14.8 0.61.8 0.82.7 0.12.6 1.010.0 0.94.3 0.3
2.2 68.037.0 66.04.9 0.511.0 2.632.0 83.02.7 36.04.4 4.615.0 2.01.9 0.46.4 12.011.0 110.05.9 19.09.3 130.050.0 20.04.9 31.05.0 630.038.0 0.5
4.7
0.50.00.50.00.70.111.00.713.01.86.21.610.01.96.70.51.01.33.60.80.3
0.1
6.80.22.40.90.80.71.10.70.80.733.00.70.60.30.20.11.30.12.00.31.40.40.90.02.30.06.20.34.30.314.00.41.2
0.0
0.00.00.00.00.10.03.82.03.62.63.32.71.21.30.40.00.70.00.70.00.0
0.0
25.00.730.00.07.60.021.00.42.70.020.00.02.20.21.40.72.50.56.51.916.01.816.00.026.00.018.03.018.02.517.00.73.4
0.0
0.61 B 0.51 B 2.21 B 23.01 B 26.01 B 16.02 B 18.01 B 10.03 B 13.01 B 9.52 B 2.5
2 B
70.01 C 38.01 B 20.01 B 54.01 C 6.91 B 59.01 B 18.01 C 4.31 B 11.02 B 22.01 C 26.01 C 26.01 B 79.01 B 32.02 B 30.01 C 70.01 B 9.2
1
B
31
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
20045 Rice, white, long grain, regular, cooked 20063 Rye flour, dark
20121 Spaghetti, cooked, enriched, without added salt 20120 Spaghetti, dry, enriched 20142 Teff, uncooked
20081 Wheat flour, white, all purpose, enriched, bleached 20080 Wheat flour, whole-grain
Fast Foods
21299 Fast food, pizza chain, 14\" pizza, cheese topping, regular crust
21300 Fast food, pizza chain, 14\" pizza, cheese topping, thick crust21301 Fast food, pizza chain, 14\" pizza, cheese topping, thin crust 21304 Fast food, pizza chain, 14\" pizza, meat and vegetable topping, regular crust
21302 Fast food, pizza chain, 14\" pizza, pepperoni topping, regular crust
21411 Fast foods, bagel with breakfast steak, egg, cheese and condiments
21410 Fast foods, bagel with egg, sausage patty, cheese, and condiments
21409 Fast foods, bagel with ham, egg and cheese 21005 Fast foods, biscuit with egg and sausage 21007 Fast foods, biscuit with egg, cheese and bacon 21009 Fast foods, biscuit with sausage 21060 Fast foods, burrito with beans
21064 Fast foods, burritos with beans, cheese and beef 21100 Fast foods, cheeseburger, large, double patty, with condiments and vegetables
21098 Fast foods, cheeseburger, large, single patty with condiments and vegetables 98056 Fast foods, chicken breast fillet
21102 Fast foods, chicken fillet sandwich, plain 21401
Fast foods, chicken tenders
of food
0.30.7 150.08.3 68.03.5 140.09.7 2.37.3 70.05.7 73.0
13.0
28.05.9 27.06.0 20.08.8 24.08.3 26.010.0 10.04.0 8.73.9 11.03.7 7.32.5 11.02.2 9.13.2 15.016.0 12.016.0 30.05.4 12.03.1 18.03.6 29.05.5 17.0
2.7
1.00.05.80.60.80.01.40.01.40.21.50.12.2
0.5
2.50.62.50.62.61.02.00.72.10.52.00.52.60.52.70.52.80.52.90.73.10.41.00.00.80.96.21.02.61.22.11.54.21.01.4
0.9
0.40.014.01.62.20.04.00.04.00.23.20.013.0
2.9
5.22.35.12.45.11.59.41.310.02.771.04.772.04.487.04.787.05.3110.06.118.02.09.50.09.80.823.03.619.02.924.03.621.03.234.0
4.9
2.12 B 30.01 C 6.42 B 15.02 B 13.01 C 10.02 B 31.0
2 B
16.08 A 17.07 A 19.03 B 22.04 B 25.07 A 82.01 B 84.01 B 98.01 B 98.01 B 130.01 B 27.01 B 27.01 B 28.01 B 39.03 A 29.01 B 35.01 B 35.03 A 44.0
3
B
32
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
21229 Fast foods, chicken, breaded and fried, boneless pieces, plain
98063 Fast foods, chocolate, dairy dessert 21011 Fast foods, croissant with egg and cheese
21014 Fast foods, croissant with egg, cheese and sausage 98051 Fast foods, croissant with sausage and cheese 98052 Fast foods, english muffin with bacon, egg and cheese 21020 Fast foods, english muffin with cheese and sausage 98080 Fast foods, english muffin with egg
21022 Fast foods, english muffin with egg, cheese and sausage 21106 Fast foods, fish sandwich, with tartar sauce and cheese 98058 Fast foods, flour tortilla with beans, chicken and cheese 98059 Fast foods, flour tortilla with beans, steak and cheese 98060 Fast foods, flour tortilla with beef and cheese
98061 Fast foods, flour tortilla with chicken and cheese
98047 Fast foods, flour tortilla with sausage, egg, cheese and condiments
98062 Fast foods, flour tortilla with steak and cheese 21024 Fast foods, french toast sticks
98055 Fast foods, fried chicken sandwich
21114 Fast foods, hamburger, large double patty with condiments and vegetables
21202 Fast foods, hamburger, large, single patty, with condiments 21107 Fast foods, hamburger, regular, single patty, plain 98050 Fast foods, hotcakes with syrup and sausage 21388 Fast foods, miniature cinnamon rolls
21078 Fast foods, nachos with cheese
21080 Fast foods, nachos, with cheese, beans, ground beef, and peppers
21303 Fast food, pizza chain, 14\" pizza, pepperoni topping, thick crust
21138 Fast foods, potato, french fried in vegetable oil 21026
Fast foods, potatoes, hashed brown
of food
16.03.1 1.15.5 10.03.2 8.43.4 11.04.8 13.03.3 19.04.5 13.03.0 10.02.9 98.07.4 15.08.9 15.012.0 18.011.0 19.07.5 13.04.6 19.07.7 20.06.4 44.08.9 46.09.5 22.05.0 41.05.6 6.25.0 12.04.5 0.74.8 2.07.5 28.09.7 0.511.0 0.3
7.2
1.71.215.01.24.80.43.70.74.00.62.10.43.10.42.30.42.60.511.00.51.20.80.80.61.20.91.31.32.10.50.60.62.30.05.50.75.70.82.70.95.60.84.50.92.20.411.00.71.30.92.50.52.41.51.6
0.5
29.05.33.42.680.04.272.04.624.03.050.02.819.02.6120.05.692.04.912.01.29.20.912.01.111.01.515.02.074.04.118.02.45.10.219.02.521.03.122.03.020.02.622.01.819.00.99.30.817.01.59.32.76.20.08.2
0.2
41.05 A 28.01 B 92.01 B 84.01 B 36.01 B 59.01 B 30.01 B 130.01 B 100.01 B 33.02 B 21.01 B 27.01 B 26.01 B 27.01 B 86.01 B 29.01 B 14.01 B 36.01 B 41.02 B 33.03 A 34.06 A 34.01 B 27.01 B 26.01 B 28.01 B 25.07 A 21.03 B 18.0
1
B
33
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
21083 Fast foods, taco salad 21082 Fast foods, tacos 21230 Fast foods, crispy chicken
98039 Frozen cheese pizza, regular thin crust, (heated) 22903 Frozen pepperoni pizza, (heated)
21226 Meat and vegetable pizza, frozen (heated)
21089 Sandwiches and burgers, cheeseburger, regular, single meat patty, plain
22902 Sausage and pepperoni pizza, frozen
Mixed Dishes
22905 Beef stew, canned entrée
22927 Burrito, bean and cheese, microwaved 22928 Burrito, beef and bean, microwaved 22904 Chili con carne with beans, canned entree 98119 Egg rolls, restaurant 98099 Hot dog and bun
22916 Lasagna with meat sauce, frozen entrée 22247 Macaroni and cheese, canned entrée 98064 Macaroni and cheese, canned, microwave
98070 Macaroni and cheese, prepared with cheese powder, boxed 98071 Macaroni and cheese, prepared with cheese sauce, boxed 22912 Spaghetti, with meatballs, canned 98069 Tamales
Snacks
25021 Formulated bar, LUNA Meal Bar
25017 Formulated bar, POWER BAR, chocolate
25020 Formulated bar, SLIMFAST OPTIMA Meal Bar, Chocolate Peanut
19003 Snacks, corn-based, extruded, chips, plain
19008
Snacks, corn-based, extruded, puffs or twists, cheese-flavor
of food
11.08.8 3.311.0 76.05.7 26.06.7 20.011.0 25.011.0 16.03.0 19.0
8.1 1.82.9 30.014.0 34.015.0 0.912.0 22.03.8 44.04.5 6.15.2 43.02.8 41.03.9 12.04.0 19.04.3 24.05.4 1.7
2.7 1.714.0 4.37.8 2.219.0 0.11.9 0.6
3.8
1.00.81.01.14.10.91.40.82.11.01.80.82.91.31.6
0.4
1.10.71.20.21.10.01.50.60.50.71.90.81.10.91.10.44.90.64.81.113.00.81.10.41.4
0.2
3.20.62.50.31.90.80.70.05.9
0.7
12.01.317.02.018.02.64.20.910.01.89.61.319.03.311.0
1.3
9.81.112.00.012.00.212.01.59.23.821.02.18.61.21.10.02.71.23.31.03.01.44.40.712.0
1.6
21.02.77.10.818.00.99.50.00.9
0.4
23.01 B 32.01 B 31.01 B 14.01 B 26.01 B 25.01 B 29.01 B 22.0
1 B
16.01 B 28.01 B 28.01 B 27.01 B 18.01 C 30.01 B 17.01 B 5.41 B 13.01 B 14.01 B 22.01 B 12.01 B 18.0
1 B
42.01 B 18.01 B 41.01 B 12.01 B 12.0
2
B
34
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 Description
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
25013 Snacks, FRITOLAY, SUNCHIPS, Multigrain Snack, original flavor
19015 Snacks, granola bars, hard, plain
19404 Snacks, granola bars, soft, uncoated, chocolate chip 19034 Snacks, popcorn, air-popped
25000 Snacks, popcorn, microwave, 94% fat free 25014 Snacks, popcorn, microwave, butter flavor 19035 Snacks, popcorn, oil popped 19411 Snacks, potato chips, plain, salted
19047 Snacks, pretzels, hard, plain, salted
19444 Snacks, tortilla chips, low fat, made with olestra, nacho cheese
19057 Snacks, tortilla chips, nacho cheese 19056 Snacks, tortilla chips, plain 19058 Snacks, tortilla chips, ranch-flavor
Ethnic Foods 35182 Acorn stew (Apache) 35193 Agave, cooked
35015 Blackberries, raw (Alaska Native) 35155 Blueberries, wild, raw (Alaska Native) 98100 Caribou, ground
35162 Caribou, hind quarter meat, raw (Alaska Native) 35160 Caribou, rump meat, partially dried (Alaska Native) 35161 Caribou, shoulder meat, dried (Alaska Native) 98102 Cattail shoots
35179 Chokecherries, raw, pitted
35188 Fish, halibut, cooked, with skin (Alaska Native) 35149 Fish, halibut, raw, with skin (Alaska Native) 35171 Fish, salmon, chum, dried (Alaska Native) 35152 Fish, salmon, chum, raw (Alaska Native) 35150
Fish, salmon, coho (silver), raw (Alaska Native)
of food
39.03.9 6.94.2 22.07.1 0.87.2 0.35.4 0.35.5 0.45.6 0.24.6 50.016.0 0.34.6 1.24.5 0.44.2 3.0
4.2 9.61.3 0.45.2 0.21.4 0.52.9 16.00.6 2.82.2 29.015.0 43.051.0 1.114.0 0.56.7 5.25.5 9.28.6 11.064.0 2.923.0 5.4
31.0
2.10.23.90.31.90.42.40.02.60.03.00.01.80.00.00.09.80.31.70.03.51.72.70.03.8
0.5
1.60.30.70.00.10.11.40.28.71.46.51.231.05.133.07.31.86.40.10.123.00.925.00.4100.02.441.00.939.0
1.5
8.50.014.00.07.40.012.00.04.90.05.40.07.90.07.50.03.60.014.00.212.00.713.00.09.5
0.4
26.05.62.80.13.20.16.90.0120.017.067.011.0120.027.0130.032.01.10.04.00.030.04.413.04.145.015.023.01.522.0
1.3
15.01 B 22.01 B 17.01 B 21.01 B 13.01 B 14.01 B 15.02 B 12.01 B 30.02 B 20.01 B 23.01 B 19.01 B 18.0
1 B
34.01 C 8.81 B 4.91 C 11.01 C 150.02 B 88.01 C 200.01 C 260.01 C 24.01 B 11.02 B 64.03 B 50.04 B 230.02 C 90.01 C 94.0
1
C
35
USDA Database for the Choline Content of Common Foods
NDB No 1 35153 98101 35168 35190 35166 35167 35157 35151 35169 35184 35181 35180 35165 35158 98105 98104 35055 35164 35056 98103 35187 35009 98107 98106 98108
Description
Fish, salmon, king (chinook), raw (Alaska Native) Fish, salmon, king, kippered, raw
Fish, salmon, king, with skin, kippered, (Alaska Native) Fish, salmon, red (sockeye), smoked (Alaska Native) Fish, salmon, red, (sockeye), canned, smoked (Alaska Native)
Fish, salmon, red, (sockeye), kippered (Alaska Native) Fish, salmon, red, canned, bones removed (Alaska Native) Fish, salmon, sockeye (red), raw (Alaska Native) Fish, sheefish, dried (Alaska Native) Fish, smelt, dried (Alaska Native)
Fish, steelhead trout, boiled, canned (Alaska Native) Fish, steelhead trout, dried, flesh (Shoshone Bannock) Fish, whitefish, dried (Alaska Native) Fish, whitefish, eggs (Alaska Native) Prairie turnips, raw Prickly pear, raw
Seal, bearded (oogruk), meat, air-dried (Alaska Native) Seal, bearded (oogruk), meat, dried, in oil (Alaska Native) Seal, bearded (oogruk), meat, raw (Alaska Native) Stinging nettles
Tennis bread, plain (Apache)
Whale, beluga, meat, air-dried, raw (Alaska Native) Wild plums Wild raspberries Wild rose hips
Betaine 2 Free Cho 2 mg/100g of food
GPC 2
Pcho 2
Ptdcho 2
SM 2
Total Cho 3
N
mg choline moiety / 100 g of food
CC 4
5.24.33.66.85.04.23.34.3120.015.02.538.088.08.20.10.316.061.09.921.032.024.00.20.52.9
20.0 9.6 8.8 46.0 12.0 12.0 7.1 20.0 12.0 170.0 2.6 15.0 50.0 12.0 4.2 3.8 17.0 6.8 7.9 3.3 6.3 42.0 0.6 2.4 4.0
50.032.033.0130.042.024.029.053.074.00.146.0190.041.05.10.00.252.020.024.05.01.948.00.31.41.8
1.42.52.61.82.83.22.01.51.13.51.74.13.01.80.30.21.51.31.53.70.15.60.51.20.7
23.045.040.035.039.039.035.024.015.096.038.046.080.0220.00.30.233.028.030.05.45.017.03.84.45.4
1.818.014.011.012.011.08.71.47.425.02.24.232.013.00.00.020.012.08.10.02.020.00.00.00.0
96.0110.099.0220.0110.088.082.099.0110.0300.090.0260.0210.0250.04.84.3120.068.072.017.015.0130.05.29.512.0
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C B B C B C B C C B B B
The NDB number is a five digit numerical code used in the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). Foods in the table which do not have corresponding entries in SR are indicated by “98___” in the NDB column. 2
Free choline (Free Cho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphocholine (Pcho), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) 3
Total Choline (Total Cho) refers to the sum of free choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Betaine is not included in the sum. 36
1
4
Confidence Code: an indicator of the relative quality of the data and the reliability of a given mean. Confidence Code applies to Total Choline only. 5
Values for all of the metabolites of choline as well as Total Choline have been rounded to two significant figures. The Total Choline was initially computed from the sum of the unrounded values.
37
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