Lesson 1
1．\"We can batten down and ride it out,\" he said. (Para. 4)
metaphor
2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: (Para. 17)
alliteration
、metaphor
simile
“ Get us through this mess, will You ”
5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon personification
Gulfport oil tank and dumped it
miles away.
6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. simile 、
onomatopoeia( 拟声 )
7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart （ Para. 20） simile 、 personification
9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. simile
（ Para. 20） transferred epithet
as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.
and medical metaphor
supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31)
Lesson 4
1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2)
Transferred epithet
2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3)
Synecdoche
3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are
Irony
marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) 4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19)
Sarcasm
5. The Christian believes that man came from above . The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below .(para 20)
6. Gone was the fierce fervor of prairie.(para 22)
Antithesis
the days when Bryan had
Alliteration; Simile
swept the political arena like a
7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22)
He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23)
The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan.
Snowball: grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder : say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many
people; the oratorical duel ; spring the trump card. Metaphor
8. Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a '' victorious defeat '' (para 45) A woman whispered loudly as he finished his address 9. My heart went out to Metonymy
10. It is not going to be driven out of this court by
The spectators chuckled and Bryan warmed to his work. -- Line 101 Ridicule
Oxymoron
the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.
⋯Carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies. 11. With a fan blowing on him
pun
Ridicule
Lesson 5 The libido for the ugly
1 Here was the very heart of industrial America , the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity (line 6)
metaphor; transferred epithet
2 Here was wealth beyond computation , almost beyond imagination --and here were human habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.
Antithesis ( 对偶句） Repetition ( line 10)
3 There was not one in sight from Synecdoche(提喻） (line 16)
the train that
did not insult and lacerate the age.
4 There was not a single decent house within eye range yards. There was not
one that was misshapen,
from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg
and there was not one that was not shabby.
Understatement; Litotes( 曲言） (line 26)
5 The country is not uncomely, despite the grim of the endless mills . (line 29)
Litotes; Overstatement
6. They would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides.
Metaphor (line 36)
On their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. Metaphor(line 46) And one and all they are streaked in grim, with dead and
Metaphor (line 49)
eczematous patches of paint peeping
through the streaks.
When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of a fried egg. When it has taken on
Line 52
the patina of the mills , it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. Metaphor
7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. Irony (line 60) 8 . and Newport News , in a Pullman , I have whirled through the gloomy
(line67) Metonymy
9 But in the American village and small town the pull is always towards ugliness, and in Westmoreland valley it has been yielded Ridicule (line 88)
that
passion.
to with an eagerness bordering upon
10 It is incredible Irony (line 90)
that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.
11 On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be positive libido for the ugly, as on the other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful.
line 91
Antithesis
12 The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for the dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar .
Metaphor
13 And some of them are appreciably better. Line 109 Sarcasm
Metaphor; sarcasm Metaphor
14 They let it mellow into its present shocking depravity. 15 The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye.
Lesson 6
1. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huch Finn ’s(synecdoche ) idyllic cruise
through the eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer ’endless summer of freedom and adventure. Hyperbole
2. I found another Twain as well synecdoche
3. a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a
back wall of night.
metaphor
4. The geographic core, in Twain ’searly years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main
artery of transportation in the young nation ’sheart.
metaphor
5. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar,
molasses, cotton, and whisky traveled north. ( antithesis
6. the cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied
alliteration metaphor
—a cosmos
7. Steamboats decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its
flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well.
Metaphor
8. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and persistent,
metaphor
9. He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in
Nevada’sWashoe region. metaphor
10. From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to
regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. metaphor
11. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making
money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. metonymy
12. in the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the
Territorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.
metaphor
13. Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing(metonymy) muscles⋯ metaphor
14. It was a splendid population ——for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stay at
home⋯alliteration
15. “ Itwas a splendid population ——for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at
home⋯” alliteration
16. “ It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and
rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring (alliteration) and a
recklessness of coat or consequences, which she (synecdoche) bears onto this day ——and when
she projects
a new
surprise,
the
grave world ( transferred
epithet)
smiles(personification) as usual, and says ‘ Well, this is California all over.
17. Two years later the opportunity came for him to take a distinctly American look at the old
world. transferred epithet pleasure cruise( metaphor)
18. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. personification
’”
19. America laughed with him. personification and synecdoche
20. Tom Sawyer quickly became a classic tale of American boyhood. (Para. 13) synecdoche 21. Tom’ s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and sweet innocence of his affection for
⋯ ..(
transferred epithet
22. Six chapters into Tom Sawyers, he drags in “ the juvenile pariah metaphor⋯.”
23. I have tried it, and I don
’ t work; it don ’ t work, Tom. It ain
s’byt aforbell;me she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a bell — everything ’ s so awful reg
’ lar body can
it. alliteration parallelism repetition
24. Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the nation. ( metaphor
25. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughed. metaphor
26. Now the gloves came off with biting satire. transferred epithet metaphor
27. dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a
crushing sense of despair on
men’ s final release from earthly struggles. metaphor
28. where the have left no sign that they had existed — a world which will lament them a day and
forget them forever.
antithesis
personification
Lesson 11 Alliteration
1. brittle and brown 2. willow and witch hazel
3. great green-and-yellow grasshoppers 4. the eagle and the elk 5. the badger and the bear 6. bent and blind
7. sad in the sound, syllables of sorrow
⋯ The widder eat ’ t stand
8. lean and leather 9. jest and gesture
10. fright and false alarm, fringed and flowered shawls, bright beadwork
11. At a distance in July or August the steaming foliage seems almost to writhe in fire. （）不 得是哪
个 充一下
12. It was a long journey toward the dawn, and it led to a golden age. （） metaphor
13. no longer were they slaves to the simple necessity of survival; （） metaphor 14. I wanted to see in reality what she had seen more perfectly in the mind
’seye, and traveled
fifteen hundred miles no begin my pilgrimage. （） metaphor
15. Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain. 16. The earth unfolds and the limit of the land recedes. （） metaphor
（） metaphor
17. going out upon a cane, very slowly as she did when the weight of age came upon her;
（）
metaphor
18. transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, 19. houses are like sentinels in the plain, （） metaphor
（） metaphor
Lesson 13 No Signposts in the Sea ★ 后 中的修辞 目
1. I have never had much of an eye for noticing the clothes of women ⋯ (Para 1 )
Metonymy
2. in the evening she wears soft rich colours, dark red, olive green, midnight blue ⋯(Para 1 )
Metonymy ★
3. He says he used to read me⋯ (Para 2 ) Metonymy ★
4. Protests about damage to ‘natural beauty ’froze me with contempt. (Para 3) Metaphor 5. And now see how I stand, as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid. (Para 4) Alliteration
21. ...and
6. I am gloriously and adolescently silly. (Para 4) Transferred Epithet 7. ⋯ I want my fill of beauty before I go. (Para 4)
Euphemism ★
8. The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and as, I think, is
suitable if not seemly for a virgin. (Para 5)
Personification ★
9. Not a star but might not shoot down and accept the invitation to become her lover. (Para 5 )
Personification ★
10. ...even as I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool
support of the water ⋯(Para 5) Transferred Epithet ★
11. It may be by daylight, looking at the sea, rippled with little white ponies
，or with no ripples at
all but only the lazy satin of blue, marbled at the edge where the passage of our ship has
disturbed it. (Para 6)
Metaphor
12. The stars seemed little cuts in the black cover ⋯ (Para 6) Metaphor
13. ⋯no sign of habitation, very blenched and barren. (Para 8) Alliteration ★
14. What I like best
are the ① stern cliff, with ranges of mountains ② soaring behind
them ⋯(Para 8)
① Personification
② Metaphor
15. What plants of the high altitudes grow unravished among their crags and valleys (Para 8)
Metonymy
16. ..., like delicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome. (Para 8) Metaphor
17. I wondered what mortal controlled it, in what must be one of the loneliest, most forbidding
spots on earth.(Para 12) Hyperbole
18. ...but I must say I find it refreshing to think there are still a few odd fish left in the world.
(Para 16) Metaphor
19. ...follows a ship only to a certain latitude and then turns back
⋯(Para 17) Metonymy
20. We might all take a lesson from him, knowing the latitude we can permit ourselves. (Para 17)
Metaphor
the scratchy little flying-fish have the vast circle all
to themselves⋯(Para 18)
Metonymy
22. This is the new Edmund Carr with a vengeance. (Para 19) 23. God, is there no escape from suffering and sin (Para 25) 24. ⋯we wait for it while the
Synecdoche
Rhetorical Question
① red ball, cut in half as though by a knife, sinks to its daily
②
doom. (Para 26) ① Innuendo ② Metaphor
25. Then come the ① twilight colours of sea and heaven(⋯suddenly in ② these latitudes, at
any tare on sea level), the winepink width of water merging into ③ lawns of aquamarine,
② Metonymy
and the sky ④ a tender palette of pink and blue ③ Metaphor ★ ④ Metaphor ★
⋯(Para 26 ) ①Metaphor
26. Now the indolence of southern latitudes has captured me. (Para 33 ) 27. Blue, the colour of peace. (Para 33 )
Metaphor
Metonymy
28. ⋯Ihad no temptation to take a flying holiday to the South
⋯(Para 33 ) Transferred Epithet
★
29. And then I like all the small noises of a ship: the faint creaking, as of the saddle-leather to a
horseman riding across turf, the slap of a rope, the hiss of sudden spray. (Para 34 )
Onomatopoeia ★
30. But above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been.
(Para 34 ) Transferred Epithet
1. Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler ’Invasion of the changed conviction into certainty. (Para 1)
Alliteration
2. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and policy lay. (Para 1) 3. I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. (Para 1) 4.
Metaphor
Litotes
⋯ I asked whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House
5. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. (Hitler is much eviler than the devil.) (Para 5) Hyperbole
6. The Maze regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.
(Para 8)
7.
Metaphor
It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. (Para 8)
Irony
8. 9.
I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ⋯. (Para 8) Metaphor –for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. (Para 8)
Innuendo
10. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly
from the soil ⋯ (Para 8) Metaphor
11. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking,
heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, ⋯ (Para 8) Metaphor
12. I see all the ① dull, drilled, docile, brutish, masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on
② like a
swarm of crawling locusts. (Para 8) ① Alliteration ② Simile\\Ridicule
13. I see the German ① bombers and fighters in the sky, still
②smarting from many a British
③ whipping, ④ delighted to find what they believe is an easier and safer ⑤ prey (the
Russian soldiers). (Para Metaphor
8)
① Synecdoche
② ③ ④ Metaphor\\Personification
⑤
14. Behind all this ① glare, behind
all this ② storm, I see that small group of villainous
③ cataract of horrors upon mankind ⋯ (Para 9)
men ①
who plan, organize, and launch this Metaphor ② Metaphor
③ Metaphor
15. I have to declare the decision of His Majesty ’sGovernment ⋯ (Para 10) Antonomasia 16. –for we must spread out now at once, without a day 17. I have to make the declaration,
’sdelay. (Para 10) Repetition
will be
but
can you doubt what our policy
(Para 10)
Rhetorical Question
18. We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. (Para 10) Repetition
19. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. (Para 10) 20. From this nothing will turn us —nothing. (Para 10)
Inversion
Metaphor
21. We will never parley, we will never negotiate ⋯(Para 10) Repetition
22. We have rid the earth
of his shadow (influence) and liberated its peoples
from his yoke
(control). (Para 10) Metaphor
23. ① Any man or state who ② marches with Hitler is our foe. (Para 10)
① Antithesis
② Metaphor
24. It follows therefore that we shall⋯.We shall⋯, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the
end⋯ (Para 10)
Parallelism
25. But when I spoke ⋯ which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there
was one deeper motive behind his outrage. (Para 12)
26.
Euphemism
He wishes to destroy the Russian power ⋯.from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows ⋯.of his crimes. (Para 12) ① Metaphor
② Synecdoche
27. ⋯ and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and airpower of the United States
may intervene. (Para 12) Synecdoche
28. He has so long thrived and prospered. (Para 12) 29. ⋯ and that
Repetition
for the final ② act,⋯(Para 12)
then the ① scene will be clear ② Euphemism
①
Metaphor
30. ⋯, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his hearth and home is the cause of free men
and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. (Para 13)
Alliteration
31. Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. (Para 13) Alliteration
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