Variety of Sentence 教师用

Revise the following sentences according to the requirement.

•The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic sentence ) •In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.

•If you sit by the window facing the sun on a sunny winter day, you may feel nice and warm. (loose sentence)

•You may feel nice and warm if you sit by the window facing the sun on a sunny winter day. •I asked my friend if we should tip the driver when the bus tour ended. (periodic sentence ) •When the bus tour ended, I asked my friend if we should tip the driver.

•Jack applied for a job. He went for an interview. He was hired. (parallel structure ) •Jack applied for a job, went for an interview, and was hired.

•Meet me in the courtyard for dessert when you finish doing the dishes. (periodic sentence ) •When you finish doing the dishes, meet me in the courtyard for dessert.

《新世纪》P26

短句变长句练习

•使用介短组句

•Common：the boy is in a yellow jacket. The boy weighs 150 pounds. •B: The boy in a yellow jacket weighs 150 pounds.

•C: Peter has just located a new job. He found the job in Los Angels. •B: Peter has just located a new job in Los Angels.

同位语

Miss Sandra is a vegetarian. She is very fond of children. B:Miss Sandra, a vegetarian, is very fond of children.

The building has been turned into a sports club. It was once a comprehensive library. B:The building, once a comprehensive library, has been turned into a sports club. 使用不定式短语组句

The meeting will be held in Beijing. It will be of great importance. B:The meeting to be held in Beijing will be of great importance.

Bill raised his head slightly. He looked at the stars in the sky. B:Bill raised his head slightly to look at the stars in the sky. We should study hard. It is our duty. B:Our duty is to study hard. 使用名词结构组句

The style of living has become more and more popular and accepted by more and more young people.

B:The style of living has found its growing popularity and acceptance among young people.

It is time for us to revise educational system and then provide it to our society. B:It is time for us to provide our society a revised educational system.

If we watch too much TV, our reading ability will be seriously affected. B:Heavy exposure to TV, will exert a negative effect on our reading ability.

If we don’t recognize the serious problem of growing population, we will make a big mistake. B:Failure to recognize the serious problem of growing population will lead us to a big mistake. 使用分词短语组句

He has been criticized by the teacher. He is now very unhappy. B:Having been criticized by the teacher, he is now very unhappy.

The little girl looked out of the window. She saw her mother coming back home. B:Looking out of the window, the little girl saw her mother coming back home. The naughty boy is Mr. Nelson’s youngest son. He is chasing the small white dog. B:The naughty boy chasing the small white dog is Mr. Nelson’s youngest son. 使用独立主格组句

The policeman appeared in the doorway. His narrow eyes swept the room for any signs of trouble.

B:The policeman appeared in the doorway, his narrow eyes sweeping the room for any signs of trouble.

Their work was finished. The workmen quit for the day. B:Their wok was finished, the workmen quit for the day.

The little girl stood in the snow selling matches. Her hands were numb with cold. B:The little girl stood in the snow selling matches, her hands numb with cold. The old man sat still in his armchair. His head was in his hands. B:The old man sat still in his armchair, his head in his hands.

This little excitement was over. The boys and girls once more had nothing to do. B:This little excitement over, the boys and girls once more had nothing to do. They ended the meeting at 4 p.m. The other problems would be discussed later. B:They ended the meeting at p.m., the other problems to be discussed later. 学会恰当地使用排比句和平行句

I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for the same job. They should have equal opportunities for promotion.

B:I am in favor of equal rights for women, especially the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms, the right to get the same pay as men for the same job, and the right to equal opportunities for promotion.

For the first time in history Chinese citizens held such power in their own hands. In the past they had never been allowed such vigorous and liberal debates on politics.

B:Never before in history have Chinese citizens held such powers in their hands. Never before in history have they been allowed such vigorous and liberal debates on politics.

Variety of Sentence

I.词语表达 1. Make多种

•社会使女人不能享受同等权利。

•The society still makes women unable to enjoy equal rights. •Better: women are still denied equal rights. •这件事使我想起过去的经历。

•The incident reminded me of one of my past experiences. •B: the incident reminded me of one of my past experiences.

2. More and more

•越来越多的学生发现学习英语越来越难了。

•More and more students find learning English has become more and more difficult. •B: Students in growing numbers find learning English has become increasingly difficult. •近年来，越来越多的少年吸烟。

•More and more teenagers have been smoking cigarettes in recent years. •B:Teenage smoking has been on the rise in recent years.

经济的发展需要越来越多的老师。

•More and more teachers are demanded with the development of economy.

•B:There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.

3. 大多数 most

•大多数学生课余时间兼职。

•Most students take a part-time job after class.

•B: The vast majority of students take a part-time job after class. •大多数人参加不同形式的体育运动。

•Most people take part in sports of different kinds.

•B:There are a considerable number of people taking part in sports of different kinds.

大多数学生反对吸烟。

Most college students take a negative attitude towards smoking.

B: The number of college students who take a negative attitude towards smoking is great. 5. 不但…而且…

•青少年吸烟不仅有社会的原因也有心理的原因。

•The factors for a rise in teenage smoking are not only social but also psychological. •B: the factors for a rise in teenage smoking are psychological as well as social. •兼职不仅赚钱，而且有接触社会的机会。

•Taking a part-time job can not only earn a little money, but also have an opportunity to

contact with society.

•B: Taking a part-time job means more than you can earn. It also means an opportunity to

contact with society.

•老年人去公园不仅可以锻炼还可以交朋友。

•Old people go to park not only to do exercise but also to make friends. •B: Old people go to park as much for companionship as for exercise.

II. The beginning of Sentences

•英美人讲话注重事物发展过程，谓语是make, see, seize, speak, bring, drive, find, leave, keep,

deprive, follow, meet, fall, prevent, enable.

•这种表达具有拟人化和隐喻特征。

1. 情感名词作主语

•我惊愕得说不出话来。Amazement stripped me of all power of speech。 •他突然满腔怒火。A sudden fit of rage caught him.

2. 表时间的名词作主语

•一个风和日丽的星期天，我们全家去海滨旅游。

•A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for an outing at the beach. •从1840-1880 年这40年中，近1000万移民移居美国。

•The forty years, 1840-1880, brought almost ten million migrants to America. •孩子们一天天长大。

•Every day sees the child stronger and stronger.

3.表自然现象的名词作主语

•营救小组迎着暴风雪去抢救受伤的大熊猫。

•The violent storm accompanied the rescue party to the site where the wounded panda lay. •由于雪崩，登山队员被迫撤回营地。Snow slide drove the mountaineers into the campsite. •今年来，煤矿工人常常死于瓦斯爆炸。

•Gas explosion has witnessed coal miners dead from time to time in recent years.

4. 表动作的名词作主语

•驱车再往前1个小时，我们就可以到达山脚了。

•Another hour’s ride will bring us to the foot of the hill. •我从门缝偷偷地看到一个女人死在沙发上的情景。

•A peep through the door offered me a horrible scene of a dead woman in the sofa dead. •那病人不禁呻吟一声。A moan escaped the patient.

5. 其他名词作主语

•我父亲因事进城了。Business took my father to the town. •令我难过的是，我得不到这样的机会。

•To my sorrow, such a good opportunity will be denied to my.

•西安发生过许多伟大的历史事件。Xi’an has witnessed many great historical events. •我突然想到我应该学习写作。An idea suddenly struck me that I should learn to write.

6. 以分词开头

•当她在紧张地吃着蛋糕时，她告诉我那个男人在地下室被烧的事情。

•While she was nervously eating cake, she told us about the man who was buried in the

cellar.

•B:Eating cake, she told us about the man who was buried in the cellar.

玛丽觉得那个笑话很有意思，就讲给她的朋友。

•Mary was amused by the joke and she told it to her friends. •B:Amused by the joke and she told it to her friends.

7. 不定式开头

为了给竞选提供资金，每个候选者都需要富有的银行家。

•Every candidate needs wealthy bankers; they will finance his campaigns. •B:To finance his campaigns, every candidate needs wealthy bankers.

我学会通过冥思放松大脑以帮助睡眠。

•I learned to quiet my mind through meditation in order to help myself sleep better.

•B:To help myself sleep better, I learned to quiet my mind through meditation in order to help

myself sleep better.

我早去运动场以便有个好座位。

•We went to the game early so that I could get a good seat. •B:To get a good seat, we went to the game early.

8. 副词 形势突然转变。

•The situation changed suddenly. •B:Suddenly, the situation changed. •参赛者紧张地看着比赛钟表。

•The contestant looked at the game clock anxiously. •B:Anxiously, the contestant looked at the game clock. •他轻轻地将化学元素混合。

•He mixed the chemicals together gently. •B:Gently, he mixed the chemicals together.

9. 介短

我2个星期后发现我的表丢在门后。

•I found my watch I lost 2 weeks ago. I found it behind the door. •B:Behind the door, I found my watch I lost 2 ws ago. •杰克决定学心理学，这与他的妈妈的希望相违背。

•Jack decided to learn psychology, and that was against the wishes of his mother. •B:Against the wishes of his mother, Jack decided to learn psychology.

10.以数词和量词开头引起特别注意

•公司在聘用员工时要考虑7中因素。Seven factors should be taken into account when a

company hires any employee.

11. 不要总以有生命的名词和人称代词开头

•很多人认为计划生育在中国是必要的。

•Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.

•B: It is widely thought/believed/held/accepted that birth control is quite necessary in China. •越来越多的人认为女人应该享有与男人平等的权力。

•More and more people agree that women should enjoy full equality with men. •B:there is a growing agreement that women should enjoy full equality with men. •我们都忘记了这件事。

•We almost forget this event.

•B:This event is now almost fading from our memory.

我们努力提高英语

We are making great efforts to improve our English. B:Great efforts are being made to improve our English. 我们对人类本质了解很少

We know very little about the nature of human beings. B:Little is known about the nature of human beings. 有人说世界上有七大奇观

Some people say that there are seven wonders in the world. B:It is said that there are seven wonders in the world. 我们可能认为大多数老人和孩子分开居住

We may think more of the elderly who live apart from their children.

B:More thought may be given to the elderly who live apart from their children. 12. 不要过多使用口语化的句子

如果你仔细比较汽车和自行车，你会发现自行车优于汽车

If you compare bicycles with cars carefully, you will find bicycles are superior to cars. B:Careful comparison of bicycles with cars will show the superiority of the former to the latter. 如果我们只会运用书本知识，我们将不能得到好的结果 If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result.

B:The application of book knowledge alone won’t bring you good result. 我们老师离开的时候，热烈的讨论结束了

When our teacher had left, the heated discussion then ended.

B:The departure of our teacher brought the heated discussion to an end. 我们只有持续努力，才能抓住机会。

Only when we make continuous efforts, can we seize an opportunity when it occurs.

B:Continuous efforts must be made before it is possible for us to seize an opportunity when it occurs.

因为我们不能将书本知识应用于实践，所以我们不能解决社会中的实际问题。

Because we cannot apply book knowledge to practice, we cannot handle real problems in the society.

B:The inability to apply book knowledge to practice prevents us from handling real problems in the society.

12. 学会使用否定句来表达肯定的意思 每个男孩和女孩都想赚钱补贴大学花费

Every young boy and girl wants to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost. B:There is hardly any students who don’t want to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.

无论何时你看报纸，你都会发现广告。

Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements. B:It is impossible for you to pick up a newspaper without finding advertisements. 围在父母的周围听故事是增加家庭凝聚力最好的消遣。

Gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story is the best pastime to bring a family closer together.

B:Few pastimes bring a family closer together than a gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story.

食物是个人和国家存活的最基本的东西。

Food is the most basic issue to individual and national survival. B:No issue is as basic to individual and national survival as food.

Expanding Basic Sentence Pattern Addition增添法 Coordination并列法 Subordination从属法 Addition增添法

The story was fabricated and untrue.

B:The story was fabricated and completely untrue. I agreed to rewrite the proposal.

 B:Reluctantly, I agreed to rewrite the proposal. 介词短语，不定式短语，动名词，分词

Martin, Luther King, Jr. expressed his dream of freedom.

B:With great feeling, Martin, Luther King, Jr. expressed his dream of freedom. China will carry out more flexible policies of opening to the outside world.

B:To be economically prosperous, China will carry out more flexible policies of opening to the outside world.

Salzburg in Austria is the birthplace of classical music and waltz.

B:Being the hometown of Mozart, Salzburg in Austria is the birthplace of classical music and

waltz.

The yields as a whole increased by 30 percent in this area.

B:A new technique having been worked out, the yields as a whole increased by 30 percent in this area.

I prefer Maine’s cold winters to California’s smog.

B:All things considered, I prefer Maine’s cold winters to California’s smog. Coordination并列法

A.使用并列连词，在第一个并列分句后用逗号，并连只有7个，for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so FAN BOYS

The Japanese have a longer life expectancy than any other people, for their diet is extremely healthful.

The book will not magically turn you into a great writer, but it will help you to master the basics of technical writing. Coordination并列法

B.连接副词， furthermore, besides, moreover, also, however, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, otherwise, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, hence等。

Washington D. C.’s metro system is clean and efficient; therefore, hundreds and thousands of people take it every day.

The company’s sales increased last year, accordingly, its net profit increased, too. Subordination从属法 名词从句

The teacher will have a certain effect on his students.

B:Whatever a teacher does in the classroom will have a certain effect on his students. The reporter needs is an alert mind.

B:What the reporter needs most is an alert mind. 定语从句

Thanksgiving is one of the biggest American holidays.

B:Thanksgiving, which falls on the fourth Thursday of November, is one of the biggest American holidays. 状语从句

Business is competitive today.

B:Business is so competitive nowadays that we must improve our efficiency. I’d better take down your telephone number.

 B:I’d better take down your telephone number lest I forget it.

Practice A Make the following general sentences more specific with a series of words, phrases or clauses.

He is forever talking about the advantages of living in the country.

He is forever talking about the advantages of living in the country – the friendly people, the

clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living.  General to specific    

People can enlarge their circle of friends by chatting online.

The shy, the lonely, the plain-looking, and the handicapped – all these people can enlarge their circle of friends by chatting online.

Enchanted with the life of the pop singers or movie stars, college students tend to collect everything related to them .

Enchanted with the life of the pop singers or movie stars, college students tend to collect everything related to them – CDs, pictures, posters, magazines. I dislike eating in the dining hall because food there is terrible.

I dislike eating in the dining hall because food there is greasy, too salty/innutritious, expensive. You know you have grown up at certain moments.

You know you have grown up when you can tare care of yourself far away from home, when you can meet new challenges alone and brravely, when you shoulder the responsibility to your family and the society. I enjoy traveling because it can benefit me in several ways.

I enjoy traveling because it can broaden my vision, sharpen up my independence and improve my health. I enjoy traveling because it can benefit me physically, spiritually and socially. (intellenctually, emotionally)  I enjoy traveling because it can bring me knowledge, fun, and freindship.

Practice B combine each cluster fo bumbered items into one or more sentences. Then combine clusters into a well-organized paragraph, if you wish.

 The waiting area was noisy.  The waiting area cramped.  The waiting area was poorly lit.  It looked like large broom closet.

2.1 Gary sat with two other applicants. 2.2 He tried to relax. 2.3 His insides felt intense.

3.1He touched his fingers to his face. 3.2 He noticed they were ice-codl. 3.3 This was a sure sign of nervousness.

4.1 His plan was to sell himself. 4.2 The selling would be straightforward. 4.3 It would be without arrogance. 5.1 He would emphasize his adaptability. 5.2 He would emphasize his friendiness. 5.3 He would emphasize his work habits. 5.4 His work habits were reponsible.

6.1 The secretary called his number. 6.2 He wiped his palms dry. 6.3 He adjusted his new tie. 6.4 He arraged his face into a smile. 6.5 The smile was upbeat.