2016高考训练题。阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Electric cars are dirty．In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins．
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions（排放）vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from．Power plants mostly use fire to make it．Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators（发电机）．Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants．There are a few wind farms and geothermal（地热的）plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something．
In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars．It's just because the coal is burned somewhere else , so it looks clean．It is not．It’s as if the California greens are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an unbelievably efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it．But when you take that gas（or another fuel）and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc．
A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles．But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won't get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones．If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean．But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources．
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill（垃圾）and finally, when cars are the polluters,
the pollution is spread across all the roads．When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place．Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot． 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Electric cars are not clean at all
B. Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones C. People have doubts about electric cars’ batteries D. Gasoline is an effective way to power a vehicle 2. The underlined words “ be clueless” mean___________
A. know nothing B. have confidence C. feel excited D. be pleased 3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ________ A. not less than 25 miles B. as far as 50 miles C. as far as 25 miles D. not more than 25 miles 4. According to the passage, electric cars__________ A. are more environmentally friendly B. burn more fuel than gas-powered ones C. are very good at cleaning up D. are poisonous for a long time 参考答案1—4、AADB
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(Pantomime)
Pantomimes like pageants, need to be very well planned, and it is essential that initial organization should begin many weeks in advance of the production date. Pantomimes are nearly always divided into separate scenes, very often taking place in different countries or even in different centuries. It is therefore necessary that there should be an overall unity of design culminating in the grand finale. This latter is really just an excuse for visual effects, and for once the performers become merely cloths hangers on which to put elaborate garments. The scene should be discussed at some length with the producer so that the background, which is decided upon, does not present impossibilities for the provision of costumes within the budget or insuperable making problems for the wardrobe. Because of the large numbers of costumes needed full use must be made of the cheapest materials available, such as tarlatan (thin, stiff, open-weave muslin) nets and inexpensive
cottons and taffetas. Very often it is possible to pick up goods that have been substantially reduced in price as cheap lines either in the big stores or on stalls in street markets.
Costumes for pantomimes need to be imaginative, gay and fairly bold in conception—this does not mean that they need to be garish. Usually in one scene there needs to be the flavor of what is newest at the moment in clothes. It is always a good idea to make use of a modern gimmick and to point it in some way if this can be conveniently fitted into the scheme. The audience comes to pantomime to have the eye feasted as much as for any other purpose, thus making a great chance for the designer to excel. Because of the very varied audience to be catered for there must be costumes to please patrons of all ages and delight the eyes of toddlers, teenagers, parents and grandparents.
Usually there is the chance for some country scene involving merry-making peasants in ginghams, stripes of chintzes. There may be a military or naval routine or some number emphasizing precision and calling for trim slick costumes. There is certain to be a ballet which is to look fairy-like or romantic and pretty and which may well need either classical or romantic tutus. The finale, which must be the most spectacular of all, is often set in a ballroom or palace where all the characters come together to make their final bows; and it is for this scene that the glitter of sequins and jewels, the sparkle of tinsel, the gold and silver materials and the waving plumes should be saved. It may be helpful to examine the different characters and the various scenes in which they are likely to appear. They remain much the same in all pantomimes; the flavor varying according to the setting—so that a s\\dash of the Orient, or the particular feeling of a historical epoch is added to the standard costume.
1. Which word can best describe the final scene in pantomime?
[A]. Spectacular. . Beautiful. [C]. Romantic. [D]. Sparkling.
2. What is the best title for this passage? [A]. How to Gain Success of a Pantomime. . The Most Important Factors in a Pantomime. [C]. Pantomime needs to have a very-well. [D]. How to Make Preparation for a Pantomime. 3. What does paragraph two imply?
[A]. It implies actor and actress outnumber costume. . It implies costume costs too much.
[C]. It implies the funds available is on meager side. [D]. It implies a good plan is necessary for a pantomime. 4. The success of a pantomime lie in
[A]. well-planned preparation. . excellent actors. [C]. brilliant costume. [D]. harmony.
Vocabulary
1. culminate 达到顶点，达到最高潮 2. insuperable 不可逾越的，不可克服的 3. tarlatan 薄纱，塔拉丹
4. taffeta 花花绿绿的塔夫绸，衬绸
5. gimmick （魔术师道具等）暗机关， 6. garish 装饰（物） 鲜艳夺目的，俗不可耐的
7. gingham 方格花布
8. stripe 条纹布，斜纹布 9. chintz 擦光印花棉布 10. slick 光滑的，打扮漂亮的，华而不实的，讨人喜欢的
11. tutu （芭蕾舞女演员）短裙 12. sequin 装饰服装用的圆形小金属片
13. tinsel 金银丝织品，闪亮装饰品
难句译注
1. This latter is really just an excuse for visual effects, and for once the performers become merely cloths hangers on which to put elaborate garments. [结构简析] for once= for just once 就这一次
[参考译文] 后者确实就是为了视觉效果，就这一次，演员成了仅仅是套上精致衣服的衣架子。
2. Usually in one scene there needs to be the flavor of what is newest at the moment in clothes. It is always a good idea to make use of a modern gimmick and to point it in some way if this can be conveniently fitted into the scheme. [结构简析] 两句句子。To make use of 利用，to point 强调。
[参考译文] 一般说来，在一幕里，需要有当时服装上最新款式和风格。如果便于和演出设计相吻合的话，利用当时的机关并给以适当突出也不失为好办法。
3. The audience comes to pantomime to have the eye feasted as much as for any other purpose, thus making a great chance for the designer to excel。 [结构简析] 注意后面thus making…的译法。
[参考译文] 观众来看哑剧，不仅为了大饱眼福，还有其它目的。这就给了设计者展示才能超越别人的大好机会。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论述哑剧准备工作的文章。文章一开始就点明主题。然后从钱，剧幕，服装，色彩，情趣等方面加以阐明，手法多种。 答案祥解
1. A. 最后一幕非常壮观。文章内两处提到，第一段第二句“哑剧几乎总是分成独立的几幕，常常是发生在不同的国家和不同的世纪，因此，在宏伟的最后一幕有一个达到高潮完整统一设计。”第四段第四行末尾“最后一幕，必须是全戏最壮观的，地点常常是在舞
厅或者皇宫，聚集着所有的演员，以备谢幕。”
B. 美丽的。 C. 浪漫的。 D. 灿烂的，都只是壮观中之一部分。 2. D. 如何为哑剧做好准备工作。文章一开始“哑剧，像露天演出剧一样，需要很好策划，应在演出前好几个星期作好最初的组织工作……。”后面几段都是围绕这一中心而写。
A. 如何获取哑剧的成功，文中提得很少但准备的目的是获得成功。 B. 哑剧的最重要的因素。 C. 哑剧需要一个很好的设计，都是准备工作中提及的部分内容。
3. C. 隐射能得到的资金很少。第二段“剧幕场景应和舞台监督进行详细的讨论。这样决定下来的场景不会出现预算内金额不能提供服装，或剧团服装难以供应的问题。由于需要剧装量大，要充分利用能得到的最便宜的材料，类似薄纱，低价棉布和衬绸之类。可以在大商店或马路地摊上选购一些降价的便宜货品。”这一段说明他们的资金相当少，所以C 正确。
A. 演员认输超过了服装数。 B. 服装太贵，文中都没有提到。也不是第二段的内涵。 D. 哑剧需要一个好计划。一开始就点明，不用隐射。
4. A. 充分计划好的准备工作。如果没有计划，其他三点都谈不上。因为
B. 优秀演员。 C. 华丽的戏装。 D. 和谐，都四计划内考虑的因素。
【四川省成都七中2014三诊考试】E
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A, B, C 和D)中, 选出最佳选项。
Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance. “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time,
but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.
Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said:
“Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.” The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.
47. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _______.
A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
48. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time. B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh. C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time. D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed. 49. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains? A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains. B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades. D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law. 50. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands. B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.
C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say. D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn. 【参考答案】47-50 BCDD
【四川省凉山州2014第二次诊断性测试】 A
阅读下面五篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollar to spend on what we desire
We can buy lottery tickets, enter contests or spend hours building a business or invest in the
stock market. We are sure that when we have plenty of money, we will be happy While having some money does have an impact on our level of happiness, having a lot of
money does not. It is reported that Americans whose income goes from $20,000 a year to $50,000
a year are more likely to be happy. But beyond $50,000, happiness does not increase as salaries
go up. It is because we are never satisfied. Catherine Sanderson, a psychology professor at
Amherst College says, \"We always think if we just had a little more money, we’d be happier. But
when we get there, we are not.\"
Daniel Gilbert, a psychology professor at Harvard notes,\"The more you make, the more you
want. The more you have, the less it brings you joy. We incorrectly assume we’Il get more
pleasure from more, and we don’t.\"
The things money can buy don't make you happy either. A lot of research suggests that you
won't find the \"good life\" buying expensive \"toys\". You finally buy that BMW you've always
wanted and it soon loses its appeal. Then, instead of wondering if a new car is what really makes
you happy, you decide you just need a different new car. It is an endless cycle. To really be happy, you need to understand what makes you happy in the first place. One
secret of happiness is people. Surveys have found that people need people. Those who have five or
more close friends are 50% more likely to describe themselves as \"very happy\". Good relationships
have a far greater effect on happiness than larger salary. Andrew Oswald, an economist at
England's University of Warwick says, \"B you are looking for happiness in life, find the right
husband or wife rather than trying to double your salary.\"
So invest your time and energy in people. The reward is much bigger in terms of happiness!
31．In Paragraph 1 the author intends to tell us the \"belief\" that A. we are unhappy because we often lack money
B. people can buy what they want if they have enough money C. more money will make one's dreams come true D. happiness will result from more money
32. Which of the following statements would the author agree to? A. Having some money brings happiness to some degree.
B. The more money one earns, the sadder one becomes C. Buying expensive things will surely bring pleasure D. We get nothing from buying expensive things we want. 33. Why does happiness not increase with pay rises?
A. Most of us have a psychological problem. B. People are not content with what they get.
C. It is human nature to be unhappy. D. Happiness has nothing to do with money.
34. In order to find happiness we should
A. always make new friends B. take no notice of our salaries C. focus on good relationships D. invest our money in our friend 【参考答案】31—34、DABC
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