英语词汇学自考题模拟17 (总分100,考试时间90分钟)
Ⅰ.
Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that **pletes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.
1. Since the beginning of the 20th century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. semantic change D. both B and C
2. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called ______ words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category. A. content B. notional C. empty D. new
3. The prehistoric Indo-European language is thought to be a highly ______ language. A. inflected B. derivative C. developed D. analytic
4. The suffixes in words \"heighten\A. noun suffixes B. verb suffixes C. adverb suffixes D. adjective suffixes 5. Most English words can be said to be ______. A. non-motivated B. motivated C. connected D. related
6. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______. A. speakers B. listeners C. world D. specific country
7. ______ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had in the beginning. A. Derivation B. Radiation C. Inflection D. Concatenation
8. The sense relation between \"lobster\" and \"animal\" is ______. A. hyponymy B. synonymy C. polysemy D. antonymy 9. \"Loud colours\" belongs to ______. A. transfer of sensations
B. transfer between abstract meanings and concrete meanings
C. transfer from objective meanings to subjective meanings D. transfer from subjective meanings to objective meanings 10. \"Beyond the pale\" is an idiom ______. A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in nature C. verbal in nature D. adverbial in nature
11. Of the following words, ______ is an initialism. A. UN B. NATO C. BASIC D. UNESCO
12. Of the following word-formation processes, ______ is the most productive. A. clipping B. blending C. initialism D. derivation
13. The ambiguity in \"pass the port\" is caused by ______. A. lexical items B. grammatical structure C. homonymy D. polysemy
14. Rhetorical features of idioms are shown in such aspects as phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as ______. A. semantic unity B. structural stability C. idiomatic variation D. figures of speech
15. Grammatical context refers to ______ in which a word is used. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 16. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning. B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned. C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.
D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.
17. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important? A. Stability. B. Collocability. C. Productivity. D. National character.
18. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context. A. social B. verbal C. lexical D. physical
19. The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, and Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon
20. The prefixes in words \"neo-Nazi\A. negative prefixes
B. prefixes of degree or size C. prefixes of time and order
D. miscellaneous prefixes
21. ______ are often referred to in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule. A. Homographs B. Homophones C. Absolute homonyms D. Antonyms 22. \"Dreadful\" and \"hateful\" belong to ______.
A. transfer from subjective meaning to objective meaning B. transfer of sensation
C. transfer from objective meaning to subjective meaning D. transfer between abstract meaning and concrete meaning 23. \"Drink like a fish\" is an example of ______. A. metaphor B. simile C. metonymy D. synecdoche
24. \"General officer\\"editorial article\" and \"gold medal\" are often shortened as \"general\\"editorial\" and \"gold\" respectively. In these cases there is a ______ behind this sort of semantic change.
A. foreign influence B. social cause C. linguistic cause D. psychological cause
25. The four major modes of semantic change are ______. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 26. The word \"quack\" is ______. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated
27. ______ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-groups. A. Colloquialism B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot
28. A subcutaneous infection is ______ the skin. A. on the surface of B. above C. under D. below
29. The word \"kowtow\" in English is called an alien word because ______. A. it is a newly-created word from another language B. it has been assimilated into the English language C. it has undergone a semantic change D. it has retained its original pronunciation
30. Which of the following words is NOT from Chinese? A. Tea. B. Ketchup.
C. Kungfu. D. Czar. Ⅱ.
Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.
1. In ______, the meaning of one word is often affected and defined by the neighboring words. 2. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited ______. 3. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and ______.
4. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, ______.
5. ______ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
6. Homophones are words identical only in ______ but different in spelling and meaning.
7. Inflectional affixes are those affixes that are attached to the end of words to indicate ______ relationships.
8. Relative synonyms, also called ______ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.
9. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.
10. It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present ______ language. Ⅲ.
Define the following terms. 1. synecdoche 2. translation-loans 3. affixes 4. synonyms 5. Germanic Ⅳ.
Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.
1. What are the linguistic factors of meaning changes?
2. What are acronyms? Please illustrate it with at least two examples.
3. Please illustrate the grammatical meaning of a word with at least one example.
4. Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning. Ⅴ.
Analyze **ment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. 1. Explain the three different periods of the English development.
2. Study the following sentence: 1) pick out the idiom, 2) explain its origin and 3) comment on the use.
David\"s head was in the tool-box, but his voice was heard saying, \"Too many cooks, better let me.\"
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