Speaking
Topic 1春节词汇 Spring Festival Words 节日名 Greeting season 春节 The Spring Festival 农历 lunar calendar
正月 lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar
除夕 New Year's Eve; eve of lunar New Year
初一 the beginning of New Year 元宵节 The Lantern Festival 习俗 Customs
过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 对联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry
春联 Spring Festival couplets 剪纸 paper-cuts
年画 New Year paintings
买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival ; do Spring Festival shopping 敬酒 propose a toast
灯笼 lantern: a portable light 烟花 fireworks
爆竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)
舞狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)
舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests) 戏曲 traditional opera
杂耍 variety show; vaudeville 灯谜 riddles written on lanterns 灯会 exhibit of lanterns 守岁 staying-up
拜年 pay New Year's call; give New Year's greetings; New Year's visit 禁忌 taboo
去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune
祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one's ancestors 压岁钱 red envelopes/red packets/a cash gift; gift money; money given to children as lunar New Year gift
辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year
扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning 祝福语 Blessings
金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home 生意兴隆 Business flourishes 岁岁平安 Peace all year round 恭喜发财 Wishing you prosperity 和气生财 Harmony brings wealth
心想事成 May all your wishes come true 吉祥如意 Everything goes well
国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful
一帆风顺 Wishing you every success 步步高升 Promoting to a higher position 出入平安 Safe trip wherever you go
祝您新的一年快乐幸福！Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year! 祝您事业成功，家庭美满 Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family! 食品 Food
年糕 Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake 团圆饭 family reunion dinner
年夜饭 the dinner on New Year's Eve 饺子 Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli
汤圆 Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings 糖果盘 candy tray
什锦糖 assorted candies - sweet and fortune 蜜冬瓜 candied winter melon - growth and good health
金桔 cumquat - prosperity
糖莲子 candied lotus seed - many descendents to come
糖藕 candied lotus root - fulfilling love relationship
红枣 red dates - prosperity 花生糖 peanut candy - sweet
Traditions and cultures of Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.
The Spring Festival falls on the 1st day of the 1st lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC-c. 1100 BC) from the people's sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.
Strictly speaking, the Spring Festival starts every year in the early days of the 12th lunar month and will last till the mid 1st lunar month of the next year. Of them, the most important days are Spring Festival Eve and the first three days. The Chinese government now stipulates people have seven days off for the Chinese Lunar New Year.
Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.
On the 8th day of the 12th lunar month, many families make laba porridge, a delicious kind of porridge made with glutinous rice, millet, seeds of Job's tears, lotus seeds, beans, longan and gingko.
The 23rd day of the 12th lunar month is called Preliminary Eve. At this time, people offer sacrifice to the kitchen god. Now however, most families make delicious food to enjoy themselves.
After the Preliminary Eve, people begin preparing for the coming New Year. This is called \"Seeing the New Year in\".
Store owners are busy then as everybody goes out to purchase necessities for the New Year. Materials not only include edible oil, rice, flour, chicken, duck, fish and meat, but also fruit, candies and kinds of nuts. What's more, various decorations, new clothes and shoes for the children as well as gifts for the elderly, friends and relatives, are all on the list of purchasing.
Before the New Year comes, the people completely clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes as well as their clothes, bedclothes and all their utensils.
Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the door panels will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from house owners' wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of the god of doors and wealth will be posted on front doors to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.
The Chinese character \"fu\" (meaning blessing or happiness) is a must. The character put on paper can be pasted normally or upside down, for in Chinese the \"reversed fu\" is homophonic with \"fu comes\both sides of the front door. Red paper-cuttings can be seen on window glass and brightly colored New Year paintings with auspicious meanings may be put on the wall.
People attach great importance to Spring Festival Eve. At that time, all family members eat dinner together. The meal is more luxurious than usual. Dishes such as chicken, fish and bean curd cannot be excluded, for in Chinese, their pronunciations, respectively \"ji\auspiciousness, abundance and richness. After the dinner, the whole family will sit together, chatting and watching TV. In recent years, the Spring Festival party broadcast on China Central Television Station (CCTV) is essential entertainment for the Chinese both at home and abroad.
According to custom, each family will stay up to see the New Year in.
Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for breakfast, as they think \"jiaozi\" in sound means \"bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new\". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.
Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means \"higher and higher, one year after another.\" The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.
Burning fireworks was once the most typical custom on the Spring Festival. People thought the spluttering sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, such an activity was completely or partially forbidden in big cities once the government took security, noise and pollution factors into consideration. As a replacement, some buy tapes with firecracker sounds to listen to, some break little balloons to get the sound too, while others buy firecracker handicrafts to hang in the living room.
The lively atmosphere not only fills every household, but permeates to streets and lanes. A series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held for days. The Spring Festival then comes to an end when the Lantern Festival is finished. China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs. Useful words and expressions
family 家庭 spouse 配偶single单身 life uxorious 疼爱妻子的 twin 双胞胎 span 寿命 marriage life 婚姻生活 daughter 女儿 son 儿子 maternal 母亲的 bachelor 单身汉spinster 老处女courtship paternal 父亲的 children 子女 parental 求爱 lad 少年, 少女 female friend 女性父母亲的 filial 子女的 divorce 离婚朋友 play house 过家家 play consolation money 抚慰金 alimony 抚养hide-and-seek 捉迷藏 puppy love初恋费 single parent 单亲 fall in love 恋爱 friendship 友谊 engagement 订婚 fiancé fight for divorce 提请离婚诉讼widow 寡未婚夫 fiancée 未婚妻 wedding ceremony 妇 widower 鳏夫 separation 分居 婚礼honeymoon 蜜月 newlyweds 新婚夫bridesmaid 女傧相 best man 男傧相妇 husband 丈夫 wife 妻子 happiness 幸monogamy 一夫一妻制 in laws 姻亲 福mother-in-law 婆婆 dowry 嫁妆 family tree 家谱 ancestors 祖先 mama`s boy 没有男子气概的男人 descendant 后代 1. 跟别人要钱 mooch off someone 我最讨厌跟别人要钱的人了。
I feel sick of those who mooch off others. 2. 钱挣海了coin money
这几年老张的钱挣海了。谁也没料到他会发这么大的财。
Lao Zhang is coining money these few years. Who can ever expect he would be able to make bundles like this!
3. 钱多得花不完have money to burn
老李的钱多得花不完，要不他敢这么挥霍？
Lao Li has money to burn. Otherwise, how could he splash his money about like anything?
4. 钱能生钱money begets money
钱能生钱。没本钱又怎能挣大钱那？
Money begets money. Without money in hand, how can you make bundles? 5. 没钱be broke
我手头没钱了，咱们别到外面去吃了 I don’t want to eat out today. I’m broke.
6. 钱来之不易money doesn’t grow on trees 你不应该如此挥霍。钱来之不易阿！
You should not splash your money about like this. Money doesn’t grow on trees. 7. 敲竹杠a clip joint
那可是一家漫天要价，大敲竹杠的商店阿 That shop is plain a clip joint! 8. 生活很富裕be well fixed
自从中国对外开放以后，有些农民也成了企业家，而且大部分农民的生活都富裕起来了。 Since China opened to the outside world, some farmers have become entrepreneurs and many are well-fixed, living a much more comfortable life.
9. 吃了上顿没下顿not know where the next meal comes
虽然很多人都已经富裕起来了，可是人有些人吃了上顿没下顿
In spite the fact that many have now become well-fixed, some people still remain in a state that they do not know where the next meal comes. 10. 发财rake it in
它在海南挣了很多钱，真没想到他会发财
He made bundles in Hai Nan. He was unexpectedly raking it in. 11. 太宰人了cost an arm and a leg
这个饭馆太宰人了，一个白菜豆腐汤也得要上几十元。
Eating in this restaurant will cost you an arm and a leg. You’ ll have to pay tens of yuan for even a soup of cabbage and beancurd
12. 跟别人比阔keep up with the Joneses 我可不像你，老是和别人比阔
I’m not your sort who like to keep up with the Joneses. 13. 养家糊口bring home the bacon 一个家里总得有个养家糊口的人
Some one has to bring home the bacon in the family. 14. 与……私通have an illicit love affair with 据说那个法官与一个电影明星私通。
The judge is said to have an illicit love affair with a film star. 15. 婚外恋a double life
我们这儿的人都感觉到他有婚外恋
People around here all feel that he’s leading a double life. 16. 深深爱上be head over heels in love with
听说小丽爱上一个比她大三十岁的老头子。爱情这个东西真是难琢磨。
I hear Xiao Li is head over heels in love with an old man who is 30 years older than her. Love is really a mystery.
17. 与门第比自己低的人结婚marry with the left hand
皇太子放弃了王位，与比自己门第低的人结了婚并到国外度蜜月去了
The son of the Emperor gave up his stewardship as King and married with the left hand. He’s now on their honeymoon abroad. 18. 嫁妆marriage portion
离婚时，她要求男方把她结婚时的全部嫁妆还给她。
On the point of their divorce, she demanded on his returning to her all the lot she has brought as her marriage portion. 19. 外快side money
在过去的几年中老张挣了一大笔外快
Lao Zhang has made a huge sum of side money in the past few years. 20．买得便宜buy something on the cheap 他的那部车买得可真便宜 He bought that car on the cheap. 21.输得精光be taken to the cleaners
那帮人合伙欺负他，结果让他输得精光。
The guys ganged up on him and they took him to the cleaners. 22.调情make a pass at someone
当一个陌生男子开始向我调情时，我瞪了他一眼就离开了。
When I found that a stranger began to make a pass at me, I gave him a stern look and left. 23.花费outgoings
他一个月才挣300多块钱，怎么能支付得起家里所有的花费那？
He gets about 300 yuan a month .How could he possibly balance his family’s outgoings with such a small income?
24.重要约会a heavy date
她说她今晚有重要约会，所以不能来了。
She says she is having a heavy date tonight, so she won’t come. 25.向……求婚pop the question to
他向我求婚时说一辈子只爱我一个人。可是现在呢？情况可大不一样了。
When he popped the question to me he said that I was the only one he would love but now, the story is quite different.
26.把……给甩了give somebody the air 最后她还是把他给甩了。
She had as supposed given him the air at last. 27.怀孕了be heavy with child
你怎么能忍心让一个大肚子的女人干这样重的活呢？
How could you have the heart to let a woman heavy with child to do such a rough job? 28.生在富贵人家born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth 一般说来，生在富贵人家的孩子很少有什么出息，
Generally speaking, very few of those who were born with a silver spoon in their mouths will make the mark.
29.开价make a price
我看过你的那部车了，现在你开个价吧。 I’ve seen your car and now you can make a price. 30.卖个好价钱fetch a good price
他的那部车在这次拍卖会上一定能卖个好价钱。 His car is certain to fetch a good price at the auction. 31.搂搂抱抱play kossy-poo
公园里那些年轻人搂搂抱抱的真让人看不下去
It’s plain an eye-sore seeing those youngsters playing kissy-poo in the park. 32.正经人家a respectable family
他是个正经人家的女孩子，我不相信她会干出这种事。 She’s a respectable girl. I don’t think she could have done this. 33.勾引别人的女朋友beat somebody’s time with someone 据说他经常勾引别人的女朋友
It is said that he often beats other people’s time with their girlfriends. 34.零花钱pocket money
我不赞同给孩子们很多零花钱
I do not favour the idea of giving children a lot of pocket money. 35.向某人作媚眼make eyes at
从她向老板作媚眼的那个德行你就知道她是个什么样的人了。
From the way she is making eyes at the boss you’ll certainly know what sort of person she is . 36.一见钟情take a shine to someone 他和她一见钟情。
She took shine to him on their blind date. 37.家丑a skeleton in the closet 许多家庭都有不可外扬的家丑
Many families have a skeleton in the closet. 38. 婚姻破裂marriage on the rocks 据说他们的婚姻已经濒于破裂。
It’s said that their marriage is on the rocks. 39．旧情人an old flame
昨天晚上和你一起吃饭的那个人肯定是你过去的情人
The one you were dinning with last night must be your old flame. 40.装修房子spruce up
这次我们装修房子花了近30，000元。
We spent nearly30, 000 yuan op sprucing up the house.
41.包办、买卖婚姻和其他任何干涉婚姻自由的行为都是被禁止的。
Arranged or mercenary marriage and any other acts of interference with the freedom of marriage are forbidden.
42. 她以婚姻关系破裂为由申请离婚。
She petitioned for divorce on account of the breakdown of their marriage. Listening
Part Ⅰ Warming up B
Vocabulary: fatigue, foxhole, distracted, abuse, strike out 1. dates, spending special time together 2. specific, complain, request, praise
3. fatigue, insecurities, foxhole, striking out, protect
4. distant
5. all marriages, Work together to understand 6. Respect, danger, professional, physical, verbal 7. understand, win C
Vocabulary: attest, reside in (residence), configuration, spouse, mate, partner 40, excel, domestic argument, losing, win-win, lose-lose, win, a gift, returns,
argue over, aren’t, Who, in control, fear, didn’t need, ought not to, couldn’t, tried to, destroy, marriage,
love, loved, secure, discover, garden, cultivate, the most precious, own self, bloom, obtain, our partner, loved and respected, control Part Ⅱ All you need is love? A
Vocabulary: ethnic, propose, criterion (criteria)
A2: similar social backgrounds; the same race or same ethnic background; the same religion A3: Japan/ 9.2%/ arranged marriages, 3%/ between blacks and whites B
Vocabulary: sustain, differentiate 1. physical appearance that attracts
2. what somebody looks like, look beyond the physical appearance 3. the high percentage of divorces
4. falling in love with somebody, loving somebody C
Vocabulary: just-right wife/ husband, Mr. Right, athletic, vow, upper portion, designer clothing
one of the biggest decisions they will make in life; as the “just-right” wife for him;
definition of what the “just-right” wife is; the millionaire man and the poor man; her physical qualities; different words; by her physical qualities; by her athletic qualities; in two different atmospheres; also have their definitions of the “just-right” wife; the German man’s definition is different from the Spanish man’s Part Ⅲ First meetings
Vocabulary: frizzly, yearbook, platonic (Plato), hit it off( to have a good relationship, become good friends), chap (a man or boy), trip over (to catch one’s foot and lose one’s balance) a baseball diamond; frizzly hair/ glasses/ funny/ monologue pizza a wine bar; pizza
a fancy-dress party; the man dressed as Cheshire Cat outside a cinema; coincidence/ he’d also missed the film
a boat/ the river bank; fell in river/ he dived in and rescued her Part Ⅳ A Valentine story
Vocabulary: intrigue, insightful, budding, lapel, provocative, tuck, plump, thrust, uphold, grip, square, salute
B: book; choked; disappointment; take you to dinner; tolerant smile; went by; rose; big restaurant; understand and admire
Additional Practice: Dictation 1
Town and Country Life in England
There is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.
In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months. Unit 2 Shaping and Reshaping Personality
Aries白羊座3月21日-------4月19日
Keywords are: spontaneity自发行为, naivety天真, energy活力, idealism理想主义, freshness精神饱满, openness率真, egocentricity自我中心, simplicity质朴, integrity正直, ignorance无知.
Taurus金牛座4月20日-------5月20日
Keywords are: determination决心, concentration专心, inflexibility顽固, sensuality耽于声色, security安全 and coherence一致性.
Gemini双子座5月21日-------6月21日
Keywords are: lightness轻率, flexibility灵活性, language, detachment分离, speed, shallowness, dispassion冷静.
Cancer 巨蟹座6月22日-------7月22日
Keywords are: emotionalism感情主义, tradition传统, sensitivity敏感, preparation准备, care照顾, mildness温和, defensiveness防御性 and intuition直觉.
Leo 狮子座7月23日-------8月22日
Keywords are: pride自满, externalization外表性, radiance欣喜的神色, confidence, organization, disclosure开诚布公, arrogance自负, offendedness易被触怒.
Virgo 处女座8月23日-------9月22日
Keywords are: humility, tact, pettiness, analysis, care, curiosity, limitation, criticism, sobriety. Libra 天秤座9月23日------10月23日
Keywords are: diplomacy, grace, art, beauty, manipulation, artificiality, sympathy. Scorpio天蝎座10月24日-----11月21日
Keywords are: intensity, intuition, self-preservation, inwardness, dedication, obsession, revenge.
Sagittarius 射手座11月22日-----12月21日
Keywords are: expansion, exploration, academia, bluntness, joviality, irresponsibility. Capricorn 摩羯座12月22日------1月19日
Keywords are: perseverance, instruction, rationality, science, materialism, cynicism, enterprise.
Aquarius 水瓶座1月20日-------2月18日
Keywords are: detachment, insight, reform, friendship, altruism, coldness, alienation. Pisces 双鱼座2月19日-------3月20日
Keywords are: mysticism, elusiveness, faith, empathy, illusion, sensitivity, fantasy,
hopelessness.
Unit 2 Shaping and Reshaping Personality Part Ⅰ Warming up A.
Vocabulary: constellation; Taurus金牛座; Virgo处女座; Capricorn摩羯座; Pisces双鱼座; Aquarius水瓶座; Leo狮子座; Cancer巨蟹座; Aries白羊座; Gemini双子座; Sagittarius射手座; centaur半人马座; Scorpio天蝎座; Libra天秤座 raise the roof 大声喧闹，抱怨
identification鉴定，识别；验明；身份证明；认同 Part Ⅱ Serf-esteem Subjects: young boys Procedure:
1. measure the boys’ abilities and how they felt about their own abilities
2. three groups----- those with high self-esteem / middle self-esteem/ low self-esteem 3. in all situations----- at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends Observations:
1. active / able to express ideas/ successful in school and in relations with other people/ creative/ led in discussions/ interested in world problems/ seldom tired or sick
2. like the boys with high self-esteem/ express ideas freely/ saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value
3. sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn’t express ideas / afraid of anger / no talk in discussion Findings; a. closeness
b. good behavior
c. definite; strict; kind and thoughtful d. rewards
e. democratic; respected; importance; taken away b. almost anything c. no definite
d. harsh punishment f. didn’t love them
Part Ⅲ How to deal with depression and anger? A
sad; temporary; long; mental; anyone; ten; developing; 80 percent; drugs; effective; carefully; without; activity; minor; walking; 30; four; improve; physical; traditional; hour; talking; doctors; Discussion; ways; problems; education; understand B
manifest anger; joyous, warm, loving; vent anger on somebody; dump anger Part Ⅳ Short talks on listening skills
classifying and organizing ideas; ability; the facts or ideas; are related to one another; Roman; Arabic; letters; standard form; decreasing importance; capital letters; small letters; to the left; to the right; equal; the same distance; easy to see; the ideas before and after it; No punctuation; Outlining; practice
Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean-Outlining Dictation
A Change in Women’s Life
The important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. Unit 3 All Can Succeed 本杰明·富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin，1706年1月17日－1790年4月17日）
1 节制 [Temperance]
Eat not to dullness and drink not to elevation. 食不可饱，饮不可醉。 2 少言 [Silence]
Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself. Avoid trifling conversation. 言必有益，避免闲聊。 3 秩序 [Order]
Let all your things have their places. Let each part of your business have its time. 物归期所，事定期限。 4 决心 [Resolution]
Resolve to perform what you ought. Perform without fail what you resolve. 当做必做，持之以恒。 5 节俭 [Frugality]
Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself: i.e. Waste nothing. 当花费才花费，不可浪费。 6 勤俭 [Industry]
Lose no time. Be always employed in something useful. Cut off all unnecessary actions. 珍惜光明，做有用的事。 7 坦诚 [Sincerity]
Use no hurtful deceit. Think innocently and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordingly. 真诚待人，言行一致。 8 公正 [Justice]
Wrong none, by doing injuries or omitting the benefits that are your duty. 害人之时不可做，利人之事多履行。 9 中庸 [Moderation]
Avoid extremes. Forebear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. 不走极端，容忍为上。 10 整洁 [Cleanliness]
Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes or habitation.
衣着整洁，居所干净。 11 心态 [Tranquility]
Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. 临危不乱，处乱不惊 12 节欲 [Chastity]
Rarely use venery but for health or offspring; Never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation. 爱惜身体，延年益智。 13 谦逊 [Humility]
Imitate Jesus and Socrates. 以耶稣、苏格拉底为范
Part One
A. vocabulary: prosper; shed light onto
(The documents could shed light onto human rights abuses during Guatemala's 36-year civil war. 这些档案，可望让社会大众更瞭解瓜地马拉长达36年的内战里的人权罪行。)
be blessed with幸运地享有; positive积极的；确实的，肯定的; critically批判性地；苛求地；危急地；严重地; interact相互作用；互相影响；互动
in your imagination; think into the future; possibilities; a positive way; the starting point; expect to win; fulfill the vision; opportunity; recognize; grab; a risk taker; do something else; prosper; a joyful experience; job requirements; other people; the support; friends; achievement; watch; apply; Everyone can succeed; to discover and develop; hard work B. issue; involvement; commit保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）；承诺; enhancement; regardless of; consensus; bond契约; integrity正直，诚实；健全
1. organizational skills 2. results oriented 3. open-minded
4. in the decision process 5. parental and citizen 6. innovation and excellence 7. the development 8. cooperation 9. student needs
10. ideas and plans 11. high quality performance 12. directly and clearly 13. continuous professional development 14. their background or position
15. a consensus builder 16. leadership skills 17. your bond; trustworthy 18. the position 19. personal integrity 20. work well with others C
prospectus简介；计划书; leaflet; discard; stinking; slum; breadwinner/bread-earner; overdose过量用药; visa签证; initially; tenacity坚持；不屈不挠; resourcefulness足智多谋
overwhelming 势不可挡的，压倒一切的，巨大的odds逆境; crime-ridden 充满的；受困扰的
escaped poverty; master’s degree; worst slums; overwhelming odds; English university; prospectus leaflet; discarded in; set his heart; violent; crime-ridden; 13; principal breadwinner; drugs; beaten; attacked; came close; overdose; gaining a place; a visa; had doubts; genuine student; be rewarded Part Two
pop; arthritis; headmistress; handicap; self-publicist
subordinate下级的；次要的；附属的; thrust upon强加于; threshold; janitor; janitress; salutary有益
的，效果好的; foreman; prime首要的；基本的; scatter; be apt to倾向于; tumble; trip; speculate投机；推测；思索; indorse签名于票据等的背面，认可 ; surplus; expenditure; revenue; ultimate
(No one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves. 除了你自己外，没有人能哄你离
开最终的成功。He cheated me out of my money.他骗了我的钱。In the past women were cheated out of their chance for education.从前妇女被剥夺了受教育的机会。) A1. Speaker 1: mum excellently bringing up 3 children
Speaker 2: someone with physical disabilities overcoming physical difficulty of arthritis Not allowing the difficulty to hold her back Speaker 3: Mable Davies, a deaf lady working her way up to be a headmistress Speaker 4: Kenneth Branagh, an actor getting an enormous amount of energy A very good self-publicist A2 1.F 2. T 3.F 4.F
B1. subordinate positions serious responsibility threshold broom sweeping out salutary branch future partner try his hand sweepers
Obtained employment aim high rest content thoughts concerns at the top Prime condition energy thought capital on that line the most
Scattered their capital brains all wrong watch that basket take notice fail breaks on his head apt to tumble lack of concentration B2. Aim for the highest don’t enter a bar room Make the firm’s interest yours don’t touch liquor Break orders always to save owners don’s speculate
Concentrate don’t indorse beyond your surplus cash fund Put all your eggs in one basket and watch that basket don’t be impatient Expenditure always within revenue Part Three
A. Adrienne a good sense of humor like talking to people entertaining Conrad friendliness positive polite
Lisa a good friend considerate caring a good listener really nice
make people that I care and love very important in my life
Phil the ability to laugh at myself to laugh with others when they laugh at me Simone open-minded not afraid of new things nothing shocks me learn new
things a lot
Chip be curious find out new things go places have new experiences
meet new people creative fresh ideas
Unit 4 Getting Ready for the Future Career
Part One
A.
1. cook experience work on weekends call 2359739
2. English and math teachers a bachelor’s degree teaching certificate
3. marketing communication supervisor business administration PC and presentation 354 16493
4. area sales manager careers and extensive hardworking and initiated quick learner
Challenging mobile travel extensively expected salary recent photo 385
NY 15835
5. buyer a competitive salary and a benefits package career development
Business or engineering 2-3 years’ good command of English Communication and interpersonal work in teams
Contact phone number and a copy of diploma to 943 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY 18640
6. accountant accounting or auditing strong computer skills 3 years’ trading companies
Education certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYC B.
web designer the hottest jobs 6
1. tissue engineers skin on the market growing organs in test tubes 2. genetic programmers defects smart certain cancers
3. farmers crops and livestock proteins vaccine-carrying cows, sheep and goats 4. food monitors fast-growing fish and freeze-resistant fruits
5. hot-line handyman reprogramming power up giving abuse home electronics video phone
6. narrow casters personalized media and advertisers tastes and smells C.
name: Andrew Sue Age: 9
Weight: 34 kg
Residence: Lansing, Michigan
Experience in sports: starting sports at 5 Sports Associations:
1. member of the National Bicycle League
2. member of the American Bicycle Associations Michigan II District
Awards:
1. two-time BMX national champion 2. two-time world champion
3. winner of 125 trophies for feats on track
Honor: donating trophies to the Michigan Special Olympics
Part Two
tuition; market; ladder; payroll工资名单; contract
Part Three
A. 1. 15 to 20 years
2. my abilities and aptitudes my interests and aims 3. find success and satisfaction
4. the immediate advantages the long-term prospects
5. my guidance counselor , my parents, my teachers and my headmaster 6. Have I made a real study of jobs?
7. regard a means of getting money my future happiness and contentment a combination
B. 1. determine\\friends\\ husband or wife\\where you live\\recreational activities\\other aspects
2. weak points\\strong ones\\what kind\\ you want to be\\
3. what\\other people\\important and challenging\alk to people\\watch\\at work 4. satisfaction\\not just start\\years to come\\importance of education\\
promotion\\preference\\educated persons\\
5. experience\\benefit\\help\hink about\\stimulate\\really want to do\\offer suggestions\ake advantage of qualifications and qualities 6. read about\\study\\over and over again
Part IV
General views:
Of all things in the world I most dislike filling up forms
A. Everything nowadays seems to involve giving information about one’s personal life and habits
that has little or nothing to do with the matter in hand.
B. The authorities frequently demand answers to questions that one would hesitate to put to one’s
intimate friends. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes blank. C. Of all, I think job application are the worst.
D. Even when the form is safely posted, there is no relief. Supporting details:
A. driving license\\evening course\\holiday abroad\\applying for a job\\stamps\\measles\\father
tobacconist\\in Foreland\\died at 82
B. date of birth\\nationality\\serious illness\onsils\\delicate\\lazy\\personal defects\\contact
lenses\ teeth not own\\character\\gambling\\difficult to get up
C. education\\previous experience\\posts held\\dates\\struggle to remember\\exams\\how long\\what
firms\\if blanks\\in prison\\dubious occupations D. summons\\ explain discrepancies
Unit 6 It's Great to Be a Champion
Part One
A. preparatory movement: Stand straight; Feet apart; Hands by your sides; Relax.
Exercise steps: 1. A deep breath;
2. Raise your arms to shoulder height; Stretch them out sideways; 3. Swing your right arm down to touch your left toes;
Keep your left arm stretched out; Don’t bend your knees. 4. Up straight;
5. Your left hand down to touch your right toes; 6. Up again.
B. 100 m(m) Jamaica 9.69 s. 2008/08/16 100 m(w) U. S. A. 10.49 s. 1988/07/16 1,500 m(m) Morocco 3 min. 26 s. 1998/07/14 1,500 m(w) China 3 min. 50.46 s. 1993/09/11 110 m h.(m) Cuba 12.87 s. 2008/06/13
100 m h.(w) Bulgaria 12.21 s. 1988/08/20 20 km w.(m) Russia 1 h. 17 min. 16 s. 2007/09/29 20 km w.(w) Russia 1 h. 25 min. 41 s. 2005/08/07 Marathon (m) Ethiopia 2 h. 4 min. 26 s. 2007/09/30 Marathon (w) Great Britain 2 h. 15 min. 25 s. 2003/04/13 High jump (m) Cuba 2.45 m. 1993/07/27 High jump (w) Bulgaria 2.09 m. 1987/08/30 Long jump (m) U. S. A. 8.95 m. 1991/08/30 Long jump (m) The former Soviet Union 7.52 m. 1988/06/11 Javelin (m) Czech Republic 98.48 m. 1996/05/25 Javelin (m) Cuba 71.70 m. 2005/08/14 C. China 110-meter hurdles Switzerland finish line 12.88 s. shared with three one hundredth old record 12.90 s. 13.02 s. in 1993 22-year-old gold medalist 2004
Part Two
A. A1: 1. the round-the-world journey lasted 13 years
2. the journey covered 75,000 km. 3. the traveler Jason is 40 years old 4. He crossed 5 continents 5. He crossed 2 oceans 6. He crossed 1 sea 7. his boat is 26 ft long
8. the journey began on July 12, 1994
9. Jason was 26 years old when he started the journey 10. Jason spent 6 weeks in hospital in Colorado A2: 1 F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T
B. Nationality: German Occupation: racing driver
Achievements: 7 seasons: 1994, 1995, 2000,2001,2002, 2003 and 2004. Most career wins: 91 Most wins in a season: 13 in 2004.
Most career pole positions: 66 most points during a season: 148 in 2004 Most consecutive world champions: 5 from 2000 to 2004
Most consecutive race wins: 7 in 2004. Most laps leading: 69 Most fastest laps: 75
Earnings: highest second highest us $80 million us $40 million Retirement: 2006
Part Three
A. 1. March 29, 1981 20,000 7,747 6,255 2. grow in size 3. over 413,481
4. 30,809 1999
5. a charity fund-raising event over 80 million pounds
B. 2
26 miles and a bit more
Running a maximum of about 20 miles a week Worried\\nervous about the injury to the ankle
When realizing that he was unable to complete the last 3 miles as fast as the previous 23 2 hours 47 minutes
C. 1. F 2. T. 3. F 4. F
Unit 7 Leisure Time
Part Ⅰ Warming up
Part Ⅱ Mozart's music still alive today Part Ⅲ The man with the horn Part Ⅳ Bank Holiday DIY
Part One
A. 1. 604,068 2. 957,212 3. 2,426,533 4. 1,719,743 5. 907,329 6. 419,386 7. 366,645 8. 1,231,318 9. 1,683,855 10. 444,509 11. 3,273,116 12. 1,400,873 13. 679,190 14. 2,528,437 15. 2,058,342 16. 960,684 B. 100 Philosophy 200 Religion 300 Social Science 400 Language 500 Science 700 Art and Recreation 800 Literature
720 Architecture 730 Sculpture 740 Drawing & Design 750 Painting 770 Photography 780 Music 790 Amusements
791 Public Entertainment 793 Indoor Entertainment 794. Games of Skill
796 Outdoor Sports and Games 797 Water Sports 799 Fishing, Hunting, Shooting C. 1. March 21, 1685 January 28, 1750 2. February 23, 1685 April 14, 1759 3. January 27, 1756 December 5,1791 4. December 17, 1770 March 26, 1827
5. January 31, 1797 November 19, 1828 6. February 3, 1809 November 4, 1847 7. March 1, 1810 October 17, 1849 8. October 22, 1811 July 31, 1886 9. October 25, 1825 June 3, 1899
10. May 7, 1840 December 6, 1893
Part Two
A. 1-b 2-a 3-e 4-d 5-c B. in the 2nd half of the 18 the century 17 years old 7 8 1782
About 500
About 60 million dollars 1756
December 5, 1791 More than 600
Part Three
A. 1-b 2-c 3-c 4-a 5-a 6-c 7-c 8-a B. slow sweet fast hot high Low strong exciting wonderful Part IV
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F
Unit 8 Everybody Environment
Part Ⅰ Warming up
Part Ⅱ Campaign California Re-Leaf ……
Can Help the
Part One
A. 1. Greenpeace attitudes and behavior environment peace 2. World Wildlife Foundation 1961 future nature 3. Live Earth climate crisis
4. Green School Project schools waste landfill 5. Climate Change knowledge measures
6. Friends of the Earth network activist groups urgent 7. Environmental Bureau 143 31 sustainable 8. Foundation oceans, waves and beaches 50,000
9. Green Building Council designed, built &operated responsible, healthy 10. the Alliance to Save Energy costs greenhouse gas emissions
11. The Earth Organization conservation rehabilitation plant and animal 12. Trees, Water &People natural resources well-being
13. American Forests restore and enhance filter remove homes 14. The Global Amphibian Assessment status 5,918 600 60 15. Solar Energy Society technologies
Part Two
1. the atmosphere the climate irreversible
2. everybody’s life activities real simple accessible to everyday people do a lot 3. one step conscious about energy fuel efficient light bulbs recycling B 1. the planting of a single tree
2. deflate the greenhouse effect and take CO2 out of the air 3. 参照前面第二题。
4. clean up CO2, Improve the environment make neighborhoods more attractive 5. a variety of personal actions
Part Three
Outline
I. headache not easily break down in nature II. PBS
A. When it comes in contact with microorganisms or enzymes, PBS will degrade to smaller pieces and finally into water and CO2. B. 1. safer
90% of the PBS can be degraded in 90 days. Even shorter in a dump 2. more heat-resistant melt at 600 oc
retain its shape up to 100 oc
C. Disadvantage more expensive (price 20% higher) III. Application
A. already started B. to be popularized
C. role Plastic food containers and tableware\\road signs\\ team cheering equipment
(horn, mini flag, trash bag, umbrella, eyeglass frame)
Part IV
P1 characteristics its structure the logical order
P2 inverted pyramid the news lead a condensed form further information P3 sum up either inside or outside comments, remarks, attitudes, analysis
P4 some breakthroughs update vocabulary hinders our understanding of
enhance our ability frequently appear carefully studied the experiment reports subjects findings or results the latest developments
Unit 9 News Ⅰ：Disasters
Part One
A. 1. 60,000 8.75 2. 452 8.3 3. 100,000 8.6 4. 8.9 2,990 5. 8.7 1,530 6. 12,000 5.8 7. 7.1 12,230 8. 7.5 22,778 9. 6.8 25,000 10. 6.7 50,000
11. 9.0 300,000 12. 8.0 69,197 18,341 B. 1. ice, snow, earth, rock the side of a mountain 2. a slow-moving mudflow
3. the sudden release waves of shaking
4. system of winds about 30 to 50 kilometers an hour 5. 64 knots or 74 miles per hour in the western Atlantic Ocean 6. a violent destructive whirling wind of short duration 7. 74 mph in the Pacific Ocean
8. a period if dryness prevents their successful growth 9. a body of water normally dry land 10. a wild fire or an uncontrollable fire
C. 1. A bomb explosion in Algies in a market area 2. ocean storm the Pacific coast of Mexico
3. the causes of a crash of a passenger plane All 143 people Wednesday 4. Austrians the 38 people at ski areas
5. The hijacker released his remaining hostages and surrendered to police 6. Japanese the nuclear reaction has stopped 7. victims of a train accident 189 Thursday 250
8. Russian & Norwegian divers the sunken Russian nuclear submarine
9. 12 heavy rains homes and bridges some roads became rivers of flood waters 10. deadly storm Europe transportation delays airports to close more than 115 people
11. Sunday’s earthquake Turkey more than 1200 50 villages 12. fires Sydney under control new flare-ups Part Two
A. a fire from an oil pipeline explosion
Thursday
More than 50 people dead Near Lagos
A fuel-loading area Nigeria’s Stealing fuel from leaking pipes/vandal
B. 1. a cable car accident at a ski resort in northern Italy
2. a. American military plane cut the wires of a cable car during a low-level training flight
b. 60
c. 60 kilometers away
d. started an investigation; suspended low-level missions
C. 1. floods and landslides
Venezuela
Homes of 140,000----150,000 people destroyed 30,000 people killed Poor city planning 15 billion dollars
2. to give quick and generous aid to Venezuela To build new housing for those homeless people In stadiums, car parks, airports and military barracks In plain areas away from the coast Part Three
A. 1. heavy rains the spread of 2. people’s hopes of a good season 3. one of the best months
Whole life/not a season like this/not rain like this
Crops flooded/difficult/meet requirements/consumes/crops destroyed Struggling/not supply 100%
B. very little happiness disease pressure/slows down growth/production down 30%
Definitely some of them
If sunshine in the next month/catch up a lot
No. sales on contract price
Maize
Threat of disease
Pick and transport/nightmare/roads/impossible conditions
Unit 10 News Ⅱ：Health
Part One
A. 1-2 the Emergency Department the Outpatient Department 3-4 the Surgery Department the Dispensary
5-6 the Physician Department the Eye, Ear & Throat Department 7-8 the Dental Department the Laboratory
9-10 the X-ray Department the Administrative Building 11. the Ward
B. Dosage: 2 teaspoonfuls, not exceed 15 teaspoonfuls per day
Half of the adult dosage, not exceed 7 teaspoonfuls per day Possible side effect: drowsiness
Warnings: 1. exceed the recommended dosage 2. children under 6
3. individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease or diabetes 4. drive or operate machinery
5. discontinue use and consult your physician This medication is a cure for chronic cough.
C. Advice: walking fresh, natural food Why: reducing risk of developing lung cancer good effect on heart health problems
life-enhancing and life-elongating a healthier being
D. 1. They have found that fatness can spread from person to person in social groups.
A friend/a 57% increased chance
2. up to 4% of adults and up to 8% of young children They can result in trouble breathing and in some cases death. 3. extreme heat
The nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature and this causes great stress on the human body.
4. to rest for a short period in the middle of the day
One study found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease. Part Two
B. the findings of a recent study:
Only 67% of Americans questioned wash their hands after using public restrooms
American men are less likely than women to wash their hands after using a public restroom The importance of hand washing:
Reducing the spread of infectious diseases. Common infectious spread by hand:
Colds, influenza, throat & ear infections, food poisoning Measures taken to get more people to wash hands: Launching a public information campaign. The correct method of hand washing:
Washing with soap and hot water for at least 15 seconds Part Three
A. 1. the lung, breast, liver, mouth
2. smoking alcohol use physical inactivity indoor smoke injections unsafe sex B,. 1. 2.5 million 9 factors that people can control
4. One-third unhealthy lifestyle and environmental exposures 5. twice
6. preventable cancers Suggestions by scientists:
1. lifestyle and environmental modification 2. risk factor reduction Part Four
A. 42 doctors, dieticians, pharmacists Board-certificated doctors
24 hours, seven days a week 24 hours a day, seven days a week Clearing house practice medicine Free $50 per visit
B. America’s doctor online: referring consumers back to their own physician or local resources Listening to the consumers and having them ask questions Providing free information Advising
Board-certificated doctors’ website: Practicing medicine Prescribing
Treating medical conditions Diagnosing advising
Unit 11 News III：Space
Unit 12 Dictation
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