练习21 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
2020·浙江1月卷 说明文 188词 ★★☆☆☆ Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging. The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 __1__ (be) 30—today it is 41 and is expected __2__ (increase) to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the __3__ (number) are more striking—22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65 ; by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven __4__ two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large __5__ (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes __6__ (old) than before. This is __7__ (particular) true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has __8__ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should __9__ (place) on longevity (长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier __10__ more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
Ⅱ.阅读理解 A
2020·开封定位考试 说明文 259词 ★★☆☆☆ Doctors in hospital emergency rooms often see accidental poisonings (意外中毒). A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed the cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a chemical product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisonings.
In cases like these, look for medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled (排出) from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it.
In the past, some people forced poisoning victims to empty the stomach. They used the liquid—syrup of ipecac (吐根糖浆)—to do this. But an organization of children's doctors no longer advises parents to keep syrup of ipecac. The American Academy of Pediatrics says some poisons can cause additional damage when they come back up the throat.
Millions of people know a way to save a person who is choking on something trapped in the throat. The method is commonly known as the Heimlich Maneuver or Abdominal thrusts. The American Red Cross says a rescuer should first hit the person on the back five times between the shoulder bones. These back blows may ease the choking. If the airway is still blocked, the Red Cross suggests pushing hard five times along the victim's abdomen. The abdomen is the area between the chest and the hipbone (髋骨)．
1．Why is the container of the poison required to save?
A．To look for harmful information. B．To learn a lesson. C．To use it to break the poison. D．To look for medical help. 2．Why are parents advised not to keep syrup of ipecac?
A．To keep the stomach empty. B．To avoid more damage. C．To keep syrup of ipecac safe. D．To keep the stomach full. 3．What is the author's purpose of writing the last paragraph? A．To introduce a way to prevent a person from choking. B．To tell us about the Abdominal thrusts.
C．To explain the reason for choking. D．To show us where the abdomen is.
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Learning the Basics of First Aid B. Accidental Poisonings
C．Common Causes of Accidental Poisonings D．Poisonings and First Aid B
2020·吕梁联考 记叙文 337词 ★★☆☆☆ Elizabeth Bishop, who was famous for the poetry A Prodigal, Filling Station, Sandpiper, Manuelzinho and so on, was an influential American poet of the 20th century. Her poetry often shows things that concerned her throughout her life, such as her search for a sense of home. Her troubled childhood and feeling of loneliness from this time affected her character and poetry.
Bishop's painful childhood is apparent in some of her poems. Her father died when she was eight months old and her mother was mad when she was five. Bishop was raised firstly by her mother's parents and then by her father's parents. This experience left her confused about belonging. She had no home and this was shown in her poetry. In A Prodigal, when the character in the poem makes up his mind to go home, there is a sense of pessimism for Bishop who has no home. The lack of a sense of home has contributed to her depression all her life.
Bishop attempts to make small, everyday experiences extraordinary in her poems such as Filling Station. In Filling Station, Bishop describes the beauty of a family filling station. Although it is “dirty”， there is order in it. Simple family life is celebrated in it. She recognizes the value of home and beauty in everyday life, but she is only an observer of these. Distance remains between her and the family at the filling station.
Bishop's struggle to locate herself in the world is seen no more clearly than in Sandpiper. It deals with searching for something in a confusing world. She uses the metaphor (暗喻) of the bird which is “looking for something”. The “something” isn't specific. It seems as if the bird doesn't know what he wants ; the only certain thing is that he is searching.
Bishop's poems are personal on a more subtle (巧妙的) level, especially when her childhood, travels etc. are taken into consideration. It is believed that Bishop is a complex poet who uses her poetry to find the feeling of belonging.
5．What do we know about Elizabeth Bishop's childhood? A．She was born poor. B．She lived an unhappy life.
C．Her grandparents treated her badly. D．Her parents didn't love her. 6．Which of Bishop's poems shows her love for simple family life? A．Sandpiper. B．ManueIzinho. C．Filling Station. D．A Prodigal.
7．When reading Bishop's poems, people can find her search for ________. A．the true nature of human beings B．a happy family life C．parental love D．the feeling of belonging
8．Which of the following words can best describe Bishop? A．Gifted but pessimistic. B．Clever and strong.
C．Unfortunate but kind. D．Creative and determined. 黄金考点
短文改错——代词 考点40 单复数逻辑错误 They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the game with them sometimes. 考例 [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] 点拨 根据句意和后边的关键词my和I可知，表示“我”，应把us改成me。 考点41 物主代词的误用 考例 点拨 考点42 I had done myself homework, but I was shy.[2018·全国卷Ⅲ] 修饰名词homework作定语，应用物主代词my来修饰名词。 “he”“she”不清 考例 点拨
But he insists on us eating healthy food.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] 由语境可知，是母亲关心家里的每个人的健康，坚持要我们吃健康的食物。故应把he改成she。 第二部分 小组合环带练
练习21 语法填空＋阅读理解
Ⅰ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了当前世界老龄化的现象以及造成这一现象的两大因素。
1．答案与解析：(动词的时态和主谓一致)was 结合上文的主语age可知，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，同时根据in 1950可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，所以填was。
2．答案与解析：(非谓语动词)to increase 根据is expected可知，其后需要接不定式to do结构，意为“预计将……”。
3．答案与解析：(名词的单复数)numbers 根据下文的are可知这里需要number的复数形式，故填numbers。
4．答案与解析：(介词)by 此处根据上下文可知，空处位于表示被动的动词后，故应填by表示“由，被”。
5．答案与解析：(非谓语动词)compared 结合句式结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，且compare与逻辑主语old generations是动宾关系，故填compared。compared to是固定结构，意为“与……相比”。
6．答案与解析：(形容词比较级)older 结合句意和下文的than before可知，这里意为“比以前更加年老”，故填older。
7．答案与解析：(副词)particularly 根据句式结构可知，此处修饰true，故填副词形式。 8．答案与解析：(冠词)a 根据下文的chance可知，这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，故填不定冠词a，表示泛指。
9．答案与解析：(动词的被动语态)be placed 结合句意可知，此处attention与place构成
被动关系。又因空前是情态动词should，故填be placed。
10．答案与解析：(并列连词)and 结合句意可知，healthier和more productive构成并列关系，故填and。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生活中关于急救的一些基本常识。 1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句至第三句“In cases like these, look for medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison.”可知，意外中毒时要尽快就医。就医时需要保存造成中毒的物质的容器。在容器上寻找一切可以解毒的信息。因此，保存容器是为了寻求医疗救助。故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The American Academy of Pediatrics says some poisons can cause additional damage when they come back up the throat.”可知，一些毒物经过呕吐可能会对喉咙造成额外的伤害。故B项正确。
3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍了腹部快速按压急救的方法。故B项正确。
4．答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了两种情况下急救的一些基本常识。故A项正确。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国著名女诗人伊丽莎白·毕肖普痛苦的童年时代给她的诗歌所带来的影响。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句及第二段对毕肖普童年的描述可知，她的童年很不幸福。故B项正确。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句至第五句可知，在作品《加油站》中，毕肖普描述了家庭加油站的美好，她认识到家庭的价值和日常生活中的美好。故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，毕肖普努力地确定自己在这个世界上的位置；根据最后一段最后一句“It is believed that Bishop is a complex poet who uses her poetry to find the feeling of belonging.”可知，人们认为毕肖普是一个用诗歌来寻找归属感的情感复杂的诗人。故D项正确。
8．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，毕肖普很有天赋；根据第二段最后一句“The lack of a sense of home has contributed to her depression all her life.”以及文章对她的生活和诗歌的描述可知，毕肖普很悲观。故A项正确。
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