英语单词中th、oo、s的发音规律
一、单词中th的发音规律
(1)th位于词首时,可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。
在名词、动词、形容词和数词中th发清辅音。如:
thing, theatre, thunder, thermos, Thursday, theory, theme, throat, thread, think, thank,
thrive, thicken, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough
在代词和一些功能词中th发浊辅音.
如: them, their, theirs, there, the, than, then, though, thus, therefore, they 只有介词through是个例外。
(2) th位于词尾(或音节之尾)时,其读音多数是清辅音,如:bath, breath, tooth, 等。只有在少数单词中,如:with, smooth 中读浊音。
(3) th 在词中并且后面接er时,或者最后一个字母是不发音的e时,通常也发浊辅音。例 如:
feather, weather, whether, leather, further, father, bathe, breathe, southern, northern,either , mother, another, brother等。
(4)在其他情况下发清辅音。例如:
author, faithful, method, nothing, anything, health , healthy, wealthy。
二、单词中OO的发音规律
oo读长还是短,记住口诀就简单。
d, k之前读短[u],food一词是特例;
t前读长[u:],foot需要特殊记;
复合词中要读短,其余多数读长[u:];
l, s, d间读作[Λ],例外还要特殊记。
oo在单词中的发音主要有长音[u:]和短音[u]两种:
(1) 重读音节词尾发[u:] too zoo bamboo cuckoo kangaroo shampoo
(2) 在辅音字母f,l,m,n,s,t,p,z前的重读音节发[u:]
roof proof
school fool cool pool tool stool (wool [wul]例外)
room broom groom bloom gloom
Soon moon noon spoon
goose loose choose
boot root tooth shoot smooth soothe (foot football [u]例外)
troop loop oozy
(3) 在字母d和k前发[u]
good goods wood stood goodness (food[fu:d] mood [mu:d]特例)
book look cook hook took shook brook outlook cookie
(4)在复合词(双音节或多音节词)的非重读音节中发[u]
bedroom bathroom classroom workroom childhood boyhood
neigbourhood readingroom mushroom understood
(5) 在复合词(双音节或多音节词)的重读音节中发[u:]
afternoon cartoon balloon cocoon moonlight noodle
typhoon saloon schoolboy
注意1:在字母l和d之间发[Λ] : blood flood
注意2:oor字母组合发[ ?:] : door floor (poor [ ??] 例外)
三、单词中s的发音规律
(1) 在词首念[s],如: sit[sit] soap[sεup]
(2) 在清辅音之前,s念[s],如: desk[desk] newspaper['nju:speipε]
(3) 在浊辅音之前,s念[z],如: husband ['h∧zbεnd] newsreel['nju:zri:l]
(4) 在元音字母和不发音的字母e之间,如果是动词,则s念[z],如:
close[klεuz] raise[reiz]
(5) 在元音字母和不发音的字母e之间,如果是名词或形容词,则s念[s],如: house [haus] case [keis] close [clεus]
(6) 在两个元音之间,s往往念[z],如: season ['si:zεn] prison [' prizεn]
(7) 在轻读音节中,在-ia或-io之前,s念[∫],如:
russian ['ru∫εn]
discussion [dis'k∧∫εn](如-sion前是个元音,则s念[3],decision[di'si3εn])
(8) 在轻读音节的词尾-sure中,念[∫]如: pressure ['pre∫ε] (如-sure前面是元音,则s念[3],pleasure['ple3ε])
(9)少数在重读音节su-中的s念[∫],如: sugar ['∫ugε] sure [∫uε]
(10) 动词或名词加s时的读音规则:
①词尾是清辅音,则加上去的s念[s],如: lamps [l?mps] likes [laiks]
②词尾是浊辅音或元音,则加上的s,念[z],如: plays [pleiz] pigs [pigz]
③词尾是磨擦音[∫],[3],[z]或破擦音[t∫],[d3],在词尾e加上s,则念[iz],如加上-es,念[iz],如:
praises ['preiziz] pages ['peid3iz] glasses [gla:siz] washes ['w)∫iz] catches ['k?t∫iz]
④ s有时不发音,如:island ['ailεnd]
四、其他补充
ay一般读[ei]如day play 但是在星期几,假期中读[i]Sunday holiday
al 后面如果是字母l ; k 时 读作 [?:]如 walk tall talk
al 后面如果是其他辅音字母时 读作 [?:l]如false also
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