1. ability, capacity, capability
ability 指人们现有的能力、学习能力或技能。 capacity指容纳能力、容量。 capability指实际能力或潜在能力。 The premier is a man of immense __________. China’s nuclear ________ is only for defense purpose. My teacher has the ________ to speak three foreign languages. 2. a bit, a little
肯定句中，表“一点”，两者可互换。但否定式意义不同：not a bit = not at all一点也不；not a little = very很、非常。
—Would you mind my opening the window? — _________.
A. Not a bit B. Yes, not a little C. Yes, help yourself D. Never mind 3. above all, first of all, at all, after all
after all意为“要知道，别忘了”时，位于句首，用来说明或提醒对方，引出对方似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由。意为“虽然，但毕竟”之意时，位于句末，表和预期的情况相反，说话人有转折之意。 above all 指“首先，最重要的是”，说明事物的重要性。 first of all “首先，第一”，说明事物的排列顺序或优先程度。
at all与not连用时意为“一点也不”，用于疑问/肯定/条件句时，意为“真的，的确”。
We mustn’t waste anything and ________ we mustn’t waste time in our life. In my opinion, you shouldn’t blame him, ________ he is only a child. Do you know the answer ________?
Stephen Chow is a successful director, but ________ he is an excellent actor. 4. accept, receive
accept 一般指经过考虑后接受某物或某事；但有时也指“承认”，而非明确地“同意”。 receive 仅指客观地收到某物，或别人所说、所写的东西。 I _________ her invitation, but I haven’t decided whether to _________ it or not. 5. accomplish, achieve, fulfill, finish
accomplish指为执行某种计划或达到某种目的而努力地、坚持不懈地工作。 achieve含越过重重障碍去完成值得去做的事，或重要的事。 fulfill指完全实现人们所期望/要求做的事。 As a person, I should _________ my promise.
The soldiers sent to Indonesia have to _________ the mission. What we do is to __________ lasting peace. 6. ache, pain, suffering, hurt
ache指一种持续的隐隐之痛，常表人体局部疼痛,可与表痛的部位的名词连用 pain指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛，常指严重的伤痛或悲痛。表辛劳、努力时用复数。
suffering指一段时间内，精神和肉体上的痛苦。
hurt vi.表肉体指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛。vt.受伤 My left leg is broken. It really _________. Doctor, I’ve got _______ here.
The parents caused Little Tom great mental _________ by divorce. Mother says she _________ all over with fatigue 7. act, action, deed
act指“行为”时，指一时的简单动作，特别强调行动的过程；有时也指由一个人或一群人来完成，不受动机，自然和结果的限制。常用短语有：act as “担任”，指代为行使某人的权力，而不任命为某职；“扮演”。act for “担任”，指完全代替某人的职位。
action意为“行动”时，指一段时间的延续行为，由简单动作组成的复杂动作。常用短语有：take action 采取行动；in action在活动中。
deed有时可指不论大小、好坏的行为，但多数情况下指需要高度的勇气、智慧、力量或技巧才能完成的行为；如：a heroic deed英雄行为。 Helping a blind man across the road is an _________ of kindness. The machine is not in _________.
I _________ him as he was busy. 8. address, speech, lecture, talk address指正式的精心准备的讲话。
speech是普通字眼，可以是有准备的，也可是即席发表的讲话。 lecture指经仔细准备的讲话，旨在给听众信息或教诲。 talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话
The chairman is about to _________ the meeting in a minute. The professor is preparing a _______ to a college class. I have a ________ with you. 9. alive, live, living, lively
alive“活着的，还出气的”，作表语或后置定语。
When he reached the hospital, his grandpa was still alive.
live “活的，有生命的”，作前置定语，主要用来指动物，或表现场直播的节目(表转播时用：recorded)。 a live fish
living 指人或动物活着、健在。还指事物现在还被使用。与the连用表活着的一类。
lively指活泼的，生机勃勃的，作形式表语、定语，指人或物。 The enemy captain was caught ___________. Are there any __________ things on the moon? She has a __________ mind.
There will be a _________ fish in the river.
10. another day, one day, some day, the other day, in the past/last few days another day “改日（用于将来时）”
one day “（总）有一天（用于过去时或将来时）” some day “总有一天（用于将来时）” the other day “几天前的一天”
in the past/ last few days “近几天（与完成时连用）” 11. anxious, eager
eager“渴望的，热切的”，着重指渴望什么或做什么的热情及迫切的心情，即“成功的期望或进取的热情”；+ for/ to do。
anxious “焦急的，发愁的，牵挂的”，含有未知结果如何，有些为之担心的意味; + for (about)/ to do 。 They are ____ for success.
We are ____ for the new president to make us a speech in public. He is ____ to know the result of the exam. (eager; eager; anxious) 12. arrive, reach, get
arrive vi.指到达指定地点（大地点用in，小地点用at）。arrival n.
reach vt.后不跟随介词，指抵达某地或达成某种协议，或表“接触到、够到”。 get vi.表“到达”时，若跟随名词，应用to，若跟随副词，则不带to。 They _________ at the station on time. She_________ London at sunset. The apples are too high to _________. We_________ to New York at last.
They finally _________ an agreement after discussion.
13. as, for, since, because because > since > as > for
for是并列连词，连接并列句，引导的句子放在后面（不能放在句首），且有逗号隔开表示附带说明的理由或推断的理由。作为介词表原因时，常和名词reason, 动词praise, thank, scold, apologize, excuse, 或形容词sorry, angry 等连用。
since是从属连词，表关系上的自然结果，原因一般很明显，往往是双方都知道的原因，其从句可放在主句前后，常放在主句前。
as也是从属连词，语意较弱，口语中常省略，其从句位于主句前或后。 because语意较强，表直接的原因或理由，是因果的必然推断，它引导的状语从句可放在主句前或后；用于回答why提的问句。在强调句型里，只能用because从句。
在含as, since的句子中，全句的重点在主句的内容，因为其理由或原因在说话人看来因内、已经很明显，或已为听话人熟悉。它们引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因不是对原因的强调。 The light went out, __________ the oil was out. The oil must be out, ___________ the light went out. _________ there was nothing else to do, we left early. 14. as soon as, once
as soon as 强调时间的连接； once则带有条件意味，“一旦…就”。 _________ you begin, you should do it well. _________ I got there, I rang home. 15. trip, journey, travel, voyage, tour voyage: 一趟旅程，尤指海上之旅
journey主要指单程较远距离的海、陆、空“旅行”，表示“去旅行”时，英语该说go on a journey，而不说go to a journey
travel一般指到国外或远方旅行，它同journey不同之处，在于不着重某一目的地，有到各地“游历”的意思，作名词时常用复数形式。
trip常指短距离的，直达目的地的旅行，在日常用语中，trip可与journey通用。
tour“旅行，周游，观光”，主要目的地是游览或视察，距离可长可短，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义。
They spent two months on a _______ through most of the countries of Europe. Mr. Smith made a ________ from Paris to New York. Many people like a _________ on a cruise ship.
A pleasant ________ to you.
One day in his _________ in China, he got to Guangzhou.
I am going on a _________ to the seaside during the summer holidays. 16. real, true ,
real 暗指某事物是真实的或货真价实的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的东西
true 暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致 What has happened to her is __________.
When Mary got married, her parents gave her some _________ gold. 17. respectful, respectable, respective, respected
respective不是respect的衍生词，其他三个单词都是respect的衍生词,其中, respective “分别的，各自的”，后面常常加名词的复数形式 respectful表示主动含义，意思是“对……恭敬的，尊敬的”。 respectable表示被动含义，意思是“可敬的”。
respected仍是表示被动，过去分词作定语表示被动多用于修饰人，它与respectable的区别在于respectable表示受人尊敬的可能性，但未必被respected。 Our __________ Chairman Mao is immortal.
We all went back to our ________ homes after playing. The workers are __________ to me.
He is a ___________ teacher. 他是一位可敬的教师。 18. bring, take, carry, fetch
bring一般是指拿来，即从别处往说话人这里拿，翻译成“带来”。 take一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿，翻译成“带走”。 carry不强调方向，表示“携带、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思。 fetch表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思，包含去和来两趟。 The waiter _________ them some apples. He _________ us some good news. She _________ the dictionary away. They _________ the boxes into the factory. 19. spend, take, pay, cost
spend主语是人， spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。spend money for sth. 花钱买……
cost主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱, (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间, cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后跟双宾语It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
pay pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。pay for sth. 付……的钱。pay for sb. 替某人付钱。pay sb. 付钱给某人。 I _________ two hours on this math problem. A new computer ________ a lot of money. It _________ them three years to build this road.
I have to_______ them 20 pounds for this room each month.
20. argue；quarrel；discuss这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。 argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论” 。另外， argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。例如：
quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接
人；和about连用，其后接某事。例如：
discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如： We'll __________ the use of the articles tomorrow．
We _________ with them about this problem for a long time． He often _________ about their housework with his wife．
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