2021届高考英语人与社会类阅读精讲（四）
万圣节的由来和影响
There's nothing particularly difference about the way Canadians celebrate Halloween, yet perhaps at least in
my neighborhood, it seems to be more about togetherness than any great passion to wear a witch's hat or string some nets around the bush. Folklorists trace Halloween back to the Celtic festival of Samhain. Nicholas Rogers, in his book Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, says the feast marked the midpoint between the autumn equinox（秋分） and the fall of winter, a time of stock-taking and preparations.
Halloween came to North America with Irish and Scottish migration in the 19th century and underwent many repeats. “Halloween's ability to provide a public space for social development held it in good position at a time when other potentially wild holidays were becoming more institutionalized and domesticated （驯服的），\"argues Mr. Rogers. It changed from a family affair to a party united by adults.
In popular culture, Halloween is viewed as an American secular holiday. According to digital coupon company RetailMeNot, 73% of Americans plan to celebrate it this year, and ifs a phenomenon in Canada too. \"It's become bigger and more celebrated than it ever has，'‘ says Chris Ainsworth, who founded the Canadian Haunters Association, a group of hardcore Halloween enthusiasts who turn their homes into detailed haunted houses each year. In 2018, the Retail Council of Canada made news saying Canadians were now outspending Americans on Halloween, to the total of $ 1 billion annually. The estimate has remained stable, says Diane Brisebois, the council president. That’s not because enthusiasm has declined but because prices have been driven down.
Some here are unsatisfied with the commercial in the festivities. But in some ways the holiday has also returned to its roots as a community-centered activity. And perhaps that’s why everyone gets so excited about Halloween in Toronto, a metropolis that is known as a “city of villages”.
1 .What do the Canadians seem to like about Halloween?
A. B. C. D.
It enriches people's life. It makes people excited. It provides people get-together. It marks the fall of the Autumn. It goes through reformation.
It can give a space for social development.
It provides people with different ideas about holidays. It can change other holidays into more reasonable ones. the Halloween always make people excited people in Toronto like to celebrate Halloween the Halloween is gradually returning its tradition
people aren't content with commercial activities in Halloween
2.Why does the Halloween keep a steady position according to Paragraph 2?
A. B. C. D.
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A. B. C. D.
4.From which is the text probably taken?
知识决定格局，格局影响命运
A. A biology textbook. C. A research paper. 重点词汇和短语
词汇和短语 释义 B. A health report. D. A culture magazine.
文章语言点学习
讲解 【相关短语】 trace back to 追溯到…… date back to...追溯到 date from...始于 feast作动词,表示“参加宴会;赴宴” feast n.盛会；宴会 【常见表达】 a wedding feast 婚宴 a feast for the ears 视觉盛宴 mark作名词,表示“记号,符号,标志” mark V.纪念;庆贺 标志;意味着 【常用搭配】 mark sth. with sth.用 ... 给 做标记 stock-taking 库存盘点 mark sb. down as将某人看作;认定某人为 ［衍生词］ migration 迁移，移居 migrate n.迁移，移居 migrant n.移居者 immigrate v.（从夕卜地）移居 immigrant n.（外来）移民者 undergo potentially 经历,经验；遭受 adv.潜在地；可能地 【衍生词】 potential adj.潜在的，有可能的 potential n.潜力，潜能 potential customers 潜在的客户 【相关短语】 in view of sth.鉴于；考虑到；由于 a bird's-eye view （ of sth.）鸟瞰;俯视 come into view进入视野 复数形式为phenomena enthusiasm n.热情 institutionalized view as adj.约定俗成的;成惯例把……看作……； 认为……是…… 世俗的;现世的;非宗教n.现象，事件 secular phenomenon enthusiast n.热情者，热心者 enthusiastic adj.热心的;热情的 be enthusiastic about sb. /sth.对 热情 an enthusiastic welcome 热烈欢迎 知识决定格局，格局影响命运
haunted （被认为）闹鬼的， 有鬼魂出没的 haunt v.时常萦绕心头，使困窘 out-前缀，构成动词，表示“超越，超过” outspend 花费超过 范围 outnumber在数量上压倒 outgrow长得比 【常见表达】 快 stable adj.稳定的；沉稳的 a stable relationship 稳定的关系 stable prices稳定的价格 （太阳）落下； decline （在品格、价值上）降低； 衰落，谢绝
语法和长难句
decline作名词，表示“下降;减少;衰退;衰落” in decline/ on the decline 下降 1 .Nicholas Rogers, in his book Halloween: From Pagan Ritual Io Party Night, says the feast marked
主语状语 谓语 宾语从句主语 谓语
the midpoint between the autumn equinox（秋分）and the fall of winter, a time of stock-taking and preparations. 宾语
（第一段第三句）
【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。says后接宾语从句。
【译文］Nicholas Rogers,在他的Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night书中说道,这场盛宴意味着秋分过半,储备的日子——冬天,即将来临。
2.“Halloween's ability to provide a public space for social development held it in good position 主语
定语
谓语 宾语 宾补
定语
同位语
at a time when other potentially wild holidays were becoming more institutionalized 时间状语 定语从句引导词 主语
系动词 表语
and domesticated（驯服的），” argues Mr. Rogers.（第二段第二句）
【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time。
【译文】Rogers先生争论道:“在其他潜力十足的节日变得更习俗化和本土化情况下，万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间的能力使它一直处于有利地位。”
2.
And perhaps that's why everyone gets so excited about Halloween in Toronto, a metropolis 主系 表语从句 同位语
知识决定格局，格局影响命运
that is known as a “city of villages”.（最后一段最后一句）
定语从句引导词 系动词 表语
【功能注释】这是一个主从复合句。why引导表语从句;that引导定语从句。
【译文】也许这就是每个人都对多伦多的万圣节如此感兴趣的原因,多伦多...个被称为“乡村之城”的大都市
词汇巩固练习
一、根据英文提示，填写单词正确形式［训练词汇正确运用及词性转换能力］ 1． China's 70th birthday (mark) with a grand ceremony at the Tiananmen Square. 2． Swallows begin their ( migrate) south in autumn. 3．Clearly this is a 4．The law should (potential) dangerous situation.
(view) as a way of meeting certain social goals.
5．Bob Dole seemed less than ( enthusiasm) about the proposed move. 二、根据汉语提示，完成句子［训练词汇、短语在语境中的写作应用］
6. It's said that these tomatoes (追溯到)the southern Ukraine during the early 19th century. 7 . This new series promises a (盛宴)of special effects and set designs.
8. The memory of that day still (萦绕着)me. 9. The injured man was in a (稳定的)condition.
10. An increase in cars has resulted in the (下降)of public transport.
知识决定格局，格局影响命运
答案速查： 1-4 CBCD 词汇巩固练习 1. was marked 2. migration 3. potentially 4. be viewed 5. enthusiastic 6. traced/date back to 7. feast 8. haunts 9. stable 10. decline 【背景知识】
万圣节前夜源自古代凯尔特民族（Celtic）的新年节庆，又名万圣夜。其英语名称中的“Hallow”源于中古英语的 “halween”，与“holy”词源很接近，意思是在纪念所有圣人（All Hallows）的那一天要举行的弥撒（Mass）。欧洲传统上认
为万圣节前夜是灵异世界最接近人间的时间。现在，万圣夜已经变成一年中最流行和最受欢迎的节日之一，许多人都
以极大的热情来庆祝这一节日。万圣夜在11月1日的前一夜，其实是赞美秋天的节目。
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了万圣节的由来、影响以及加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。
【语篇结构】 结构划分 第一段 第二段 第三段一第四段 具体信息 万圣节的历史。 万圣节的影响。 加拿大人庆祝万圣节的情况。 知识决定格局，格局影响命运
【试题解析】
题目 答详解 细节理解题。 ［定位句］. .. yet perhaps at least in my neighborhood, it seems to be more about togetherness than any great passion to wear a witch's hat or string some nets around the bush.（第一段第一句） 1 C ［翻译大意］……然而，至少在我的社区里，万圣节更是一种聚会,而不是热衷于戴女巫帽子或在灌木 丛里扎一些网。 ［解析］根据定位句可知，加拿大人更喜欢在万圣节与家人或者朋友聚会。A选项意为“它丰富了人们 的生活。” ;B选项意为“它使人们兴奋起来。” ;C选项意为“它给人们提供相聚的机会。”； 细节理解题。 ［定位句］Halloween's ability to provide a public space for social development held it in good 2 B position...（第 二段第二句） ［翻译大意］万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间的能力使它一直处于有利地位…… ［解析］根据定位句可知，万圣节为社会发展提供公共空间是其一直处于优势地位的原因。A选项意 推理判断题。 ［定位句］But in some ways the holiday has also returned to its roots as a community-centered activity.（最后 一段第二句） 3 C ［翻译大意］但在某种程度上,这个节日也开始作为一个以社区为中心的活动回归传统习俗。 ［解析］根据定位句可推知，万圣节正在逐渐恢复它的传统。A选项意为“万圣节总是让人兴奋”；B选 项意为“多伦多人喜欢庆祝万圣节” ;C选项意为“万圣节正逐渐恢复它的传统”；D选项意为知识决定格局，格局影响命运
文章出处题。 ［解析］通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了万圣节的相关情况，所以这篇文章应出自文化4 D 杂志。A选项意 为“生物教科书” ；B选项意为“健康报告” ；C选项意为“学术论文” ；D选项意为“文化杂
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