常用的前缀和后缀

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一、常用的前缀和后缀1、常用前缀aero-：concerning the air of aircraft

plane—aeroplane

space—aerospace

anti-：against；opposite of

nuclear—antinuclear

matter—antimatter

war—antiwar

auto-：of or by oneself

biography—autobiography

criticism—autocriticism

be-：to treat as the stated thing

friend—befriend

little—belittle

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bi-：two；twice；double

lingual—bilingual

cycle—bicycle

bio-：concerning living things

chemistry—biochemistry

sphere—biosphere

by-，bye-：less important

produce—by-produce

way—byway

centi-：hundredth part

grade—centigrade

meter—centimeter

co-：together，with

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author—coauthor

exist—coexist

col-：( used before l ) together，with

location—collocation

-：( used before b，m，p ) together，with

passion—compassion

con-：together，with

centric—concentric

federation—confederation

contra-：opposite

diction—contradiction

natural—contranatural

cor-：( used before r ) together，with

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relate—correlate

respond—correspond

counter-：opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-：across；going between the stated things and joining them

country—crosscountry

breed—crossbreed

de-：showing an opposite；to remove；to reduce

code—decode

value—devalue

dis-：not；the opposite of

advantage—disadvantage

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agree—disagree

honest—dishonest

em-：( used before b，m，p ) to cause to become

body—embody

power—empower

en-：to cause tobecome；to make

danger—endanger

large—enlarge

ex-：former ( and still living )

minister—ex-minister

wife—ex-wife

extra-：outside；beyond

curricular—extracurricular

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ordinary—extraordinary

fore-：in advance，before；in or at the front

arm—forearm

warn—forewarn

il-：( used before l ) not

legal—illegal

literate—illiterate

im-：( used before b，m，p ) not

moral—immoral

possible—impossible

in-：not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

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infra-：below in a range；beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure

inter-：between；among

change——interchange

national——international

intra-：inside，within；into

city——intracity

department——intra-department

ir-：〔used before r〕not

regular——irregular

responsible——irresponsible

kilo-：thousand

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gram——kilogram

meter——kilometer

macro-：large，esp. concerning a whole system rather than

particular parts of

economics——macroeconomics

structure——macrostructure

mal-：bad or badly

function——malfunction

treat——maltreat

micro-：extremely small

computer——microcomputer

electronics——microelectronics

mid-：middle

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day——midday

night——midnight

mini-：small；short

bus——minibus

skirt——miniskirt

mis-：bador badly；wrong or wronglyfortune——misfortune understand——misunderstand

mono-：one；single

plane——monoplane

tone——monotone

multi-：more than one；many

purpose——multipurpose

national——multinational

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non-：not

resident——non(-)resident

sense——nonsense

out-：outside；beyond

live——outlive

door——outdoor

over-：too much；above；additional

head——overhead

time——overtime

poly-：many

centric——polycentric

syllabic——polysyllabic

post-：later than；after

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graduate——postgraduate

war——postwar

pre-：before；in advance

pay——prepay

war——prewar

pro-：in favor of，supporting

America——pro-America

abortion——pro-abortion

pseudo-：notreal；false

name——pseudonym

science——pseudoscience

re-：again；back to the former state

unite——reunite

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use——reuse

self-：by means ofoneself or itself；of，to，with，for，or in

oneself or itself

employed——self-employed

taught——self-taught

semi-：half；partly

circle——semicircle

final——semifinal

step-：not by birth but through a parent who has remarried

mother——stepmother

children——stepchildren

sub-：under，below；less important；part of the stated bigger

whole

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divide——subdivide

section——subsection

super-：more，larger，greater than usual

market——supermarket

natural——supernatural

tele-：at or over a long distance；by or for television

communication——telecommunication

screen——telescreen

therm(o)-：concerning heat

chemistry——thermochemistry

meter——thermometer

trans-: across, on or to the other side of ; between

Atlantic—transatlantic

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plant—transplant

tri-: three; three times

angular—triangular

cycle—tricycle

ultra-: beyond; very, extremely

modern—ultramodern

sound—ultrasound

un-: not

certain—uncertain

fortunate—unfortunate

under-: too little; below

develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea

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uni-: one, singer

form—uniform

directional—unidirectional

vice-: next in the rank; below

chairman—vice-chairman

president—vice-president

2.常用后缀〔1〕名词后缀-ability，-ibility

able—ability

flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage

short—shortage

-al

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arrive—arrival

refuse—refusal

-an，-ian，-arian

library—librarian

music—musician

-ance，-ence

appear—appearance

refer—reference

-ancy，-ency

emerge—emergency

expect—expectancy

-ant，-ent

apply—applicant

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correspond—correspondent

-cy

accurate—accuratcy

private—privacy

-dom

king—kingdom

free—freedom

-ee

employ—employee

interview—interviewee

-er，-or，-ar

paint—painter

beg—beggar

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-ery

brave—bravery

slave—slavery

-ese

China—Chinaese

Japan—Japanese

-ess

actor—actress

waiter—waitress

-ful

hand—handful

spoon—spoonful

-hood

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child—childhood

man—manhood

-ics

electron—electronics

linguist—linguistics

-ion，-ition，-ation

collect—collection

observe—observation

-ism

Marx—Marxism

socialist—socialism

-ist

psychiatry—psychiatrist

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violin—violinist

-ity，-ty

cruel—cruelty

pure—purity

-ment

move—movement

retire——retirement

-ness

dark——darkness

happy——happiness

-ology

climate——climatology

future——futurology

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-ship

friend——friendship

scholar——scholarship

-sion，-ssion

decide——decision

expand——expansion

-th

grow——growth

wide——width

-ure

close——closure

expose——exposure

(2)动词前缀

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-en

deep——deepen

fast——fasten

-ify

class——classify

simple——simplify

-ize，-ise

modern——modernize / modernize

popular——popularize / popularize

(3)形容词后缀-able，-ible

suit——suitable

question——questionable

-al

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nature——natural

structure——structural

-an，-arian，-ian

suburb——suburban

Canada——Canadian

-ant，-ent

differ——different

please——pleasant

-ary，-ory

advise——advisory

custom——customary

-ate

consider——considerate

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fortune——fortunate

-en

gold——golden

wood——wooden

-ese

China——Chinese

Japan——Japanese

-free

care——carefree

duty——duty-free

-ful

care——careful

pain——painful

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-ic，-ical

atom——atomic

psychology——psychological

-ish

girl——girlish

child——childish

-ive

create——creative

support——supportive

-less

hope——hopeless

pain——painless

-like

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child——childlike

lady——ladylike

-ly

man——manly

month——monthly

-ous，-ious

danger——dangerous

poison——poisonous

-some

tire——tiresome

trouble——troublesome

-ward

down——downward

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up——upward

-y

guilt-guilty

noise-noisy

(4)副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily

heavy-heavily

-ward，-wards

east-eastward(s)

north-northward(s)

-wise

clock-clockwise

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other-otherwise

.fy888.net/english/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=53321前缀

1, a-

1) 加在单词或词根前面，表示“不，无，非〞。acentric； amoral；

2) 加在单词前，表示“在，的〞asleep； aside2, ab-, abs- 加在词根前，表示“相反，变坏，离去〞abnormal,； abuse

3, ab-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-加在同辅音字母的词根前，表示“一再〞等加强意。

accompany, accomplish, affirm, attract

4, ad-加在单词或词根前，表示“做，加强〞。

adapt, adopt, adjoin, adjust, adventure

5, amphi- “两个，两种〞。

amphibian

6, an-在词根前，表示“不，无〞。

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anonymous, anarchism

7, ana-表示“错误，在旁边，分开〞

analogy, analysis

8, ante-表示“前面，先〞

antedate, anterior, antecedent

9, anti-表示“反对，相反〞

antiwar, antitank, antibody

10, apo- 表示“离开，远离〞

apogee

11, auto-“自动，自己〞

automobile, automatic, autograph

12, be-

1〕 构成动词，表示“使成为〞

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befall, befriend, behold

2〕 构成介词

beside, behind, below, before, beneath

13, bene-“善，好〞

benefaction, benediction, beneficent

14, bi-表示“两个〞

biweekly, bilingual, biennial,

15, by-“在旁边，副的〞

byroad, byway, bywork

16, circum-“环绕，周围〞17, co-表示“共同〞，通常方在元音词根前。Coeducation, cohabit, coexist, coincide

18, col-, cor-在同辅音词根前，表示“共同〞。 collapse, colleague, collect

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19, -, con- “共同〞

combine, compassion, commotion,

20,contra-表示“反对，相反〞

contrary, contradict, contravene,

21,counter-表示“反对，相反〞

counteract, counterbalance,

22,de-

表示“去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下〞等

destruction, demobilize. desalt

表示“使…成为，加强〞等

depict

23.di-

表示“两个，双〞

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dichromatic, dioxide

表示“使…变成，分开，离开〞

digest

24,dia- 表示“穿过，二者之间〞

dialogue, diameter

25,dif- 和辅音重复表示“不，否认，分开〞

differ, difference, diffident

26,dis-

表示“不，消失掉〞

dislike, disorder, dishonest

表示“分开，别离〞

dispart, disseminate, dispense

27，dys-表示“坏，不良〞

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dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysfunction

28,e-,ef- 表示“出，出来〞

evaluate, elongate, elaborate

29,em-,en-

表示“进入…之中，包围〞

embrace, embed, empathy

表示“使…进入状态〞

empower, embitter, embody

30,epi-表示“在…上，在…周围，在…后面〞

epidermal, epidemic, epigram

31,eu-表示“好，优秀〞

eulogize, euphemism, euphonious

32,ex-

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表示“出，出去〞

export, exclude, expel

表示“前面的，前任的〞

ex-wife, ex-president,

33,exo-表示“外部的，外面〞

exogamy, exotic

34,extra-表示“以外的，超过的〞

extracurriculum, extraordinary,

35,fore-表示“前面，预先〞

foresee, forehead, forestall

36,hetero-表示“异类，异种〞

heterosexual, heterodoxy,

37,homo-表示“同类的〞

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homogeneous, homonym

38,hyper-表示“超过，太多〞

hyperactive, hypersensitive,

39,hypo-表示“下面，次等〞

hypodermic, hypocrisy, hypocrite

40,il-, ir-

放在同辅音词根前表示“不，无〞

illegal, illiterate, illogical,

表示“使…成为，进入〞

illustrate, illuminate, illusion,

41,im-,in-

表示“不，无，非〞

impossible, immoral, impolite,

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表示“向，进入〞

import, imprison, immigrate

42,inter-表示“在…之间，相互〞

international, interpersonal,

43,intro-表示“向，入〞

introduce, introspect, introvert

44,macro-表示“宏伟，大〞

macroworld, macrostructure,

45,mal-表示“坏，恶〞〔亦作male〕

malcontent, malpractice ,malnutrition

46,micro-表示“微，小〞

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