SOP 8——句子插入题
一、提问方式
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage。
【You will see a sentence in bold。】
Where would the sentence best fit？
二、解题方法
1． 选择被插入句关键词，利用指代关系
2． 回原文定位，在黑框附近寻找关键词
3． 利用关联词判断上下文的逻辑位置
三、得分要点——关键词选择的注意事项
1， 与文章主题相同的不选(通过大标题判定）
2， 文章或段落频繁出现的词语不选
3， 抽象概念的词语慎选
四、题目规律
1、 有逻辑词的插入句
OG P94—11（转折）
题目：11。 Look at the four squares ［■］ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage。
According to Freud， however， impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression。
Where would the sentence best fit?
The Psychodynamic Approach。 Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including aggression。 Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life。 Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people， including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately。■ Yet children， also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love， come to repress most aggressive impulses。■The Freudian perspective, in a sense， sees us as “steam engines。”■By holding in rather than venting “steam,” we set the stage for future explosions.■Pent—up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways
such as destroying furniture， or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life。
Step 1: According to Freud(扎眼词汇)， however， impulses that have been repressed（信息词) continue to exist and demand expression。
特别提醒：不能只看impulses,因为本段中重复提到该词，必须结合它的修饰成分一起寻找才能够找到准确的对应位置。
Step 2： 黑框附近寻找关键词得到：
Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love， come to repress most aggressive impulses。
The Freudian perspective， in a sense， sees us as “steam engines.\"
Step 3: 判断上下文逻辑位置
前一句主干信息：Children come to repress most aggressive impulses.
插入句主干信息：However， impulses continue to exist and demand expression。
应选2
OGP117—11(因果）
题目:11。 Look at the four squares ［■］ that indicate the following sentence can be added to the passage。
Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Again, supersonic jets have similar features.
■Because they are always swimming， tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills。 ■Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■In fact, tunas must swim to breathe。 ■They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking， since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant。
Step 1： Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water。
Step 2: Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills。
Step 3： Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills。
Consequently， tunas do not need to suck in water。
Accordingly， they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills。
应选2
OG P255—11 （并列)
题目：11。 Look at the four squares ［■］ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
Under different climatic conditions， another type of destructive force contributes to erosion。
Where would the sentence best fit？
Under very cold conditions， rocks can be shattered by ice and frost。 Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys， carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris。 ■ In dry areas the wind is the principal agent of erosion。 ■ It carries fine particles of sand, which bombard exposed rock surfaces， thereby wearing them into yet more sand。 ■ Even living things contribute to the formation of landscapes。 ■ Tree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and , in so doing , speed their splitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soil fragments together， thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind。
Step 1： Under different climatic conditions， another type of destructive force contributes to erosion。
Step 2： Under very cold conditions， rocks can be shattered by ice and frost。 Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas， and these slowly moving masses of ice cut out valleys， carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris。
In dry areas the wind is the principal agent of erosion。
Step 3： Under different climatic conditions, another type of destructive force contributes to erosion.
应选1
2、 有指示词的插入句
题目:40. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
They suspected this was because the offshore draggers were taking so many cod that the fish did not have a chance to migrate inshore to reproduce。
Where would the sentence best fit？
However， while the offshore fishery was prospering， the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off。 ■ In 1992 the Canadian government responded
by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing。 ■ Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover。 ■The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed， except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish。 ■ Canada's cod fishing industry collapsed， and around 40，000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.
Step 1: They suspected this was because the offshore draggers were taking so many cod that the fish did not have a chance to migrate inshore to reproduce。
Step 2： However， while the offshore fishery was prospering， the inshore fishermen found their cathes dropping off。
应选1
OGP64-12
题目:12. Look at the four squares ［■］ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage。
This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.
Where would the sentence best fit？
Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■ How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged？ ■ Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate， or transitional， between land mammals and cetaceans.
■Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans。 ■In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale。
Step 1： This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages。
Step 2： How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged？
应选2
OG P73—12
题目：12。 Look at the four squares ［■］that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage。
This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.
Where would the sentence best fit？
■The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands， where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation。 ■The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil。 ■This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion。 ■
Step 1: This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing。
Step 2： The raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation。
The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil.
应选2
OGP84—12
题目：12. Look at the four squares [■］ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage。
When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope business， Edison acquired a projector developed by Armat and
introduced it as “Edison’s latest marvel， the Vitascope。”
Where would the sentence best fit？
■Exhibitors, however， wanted to maximize their profits， which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission. ■About a year after the opening of the first Kinetoscope parlor in 1894， showmen such as Louis and Auguste Lumiere, Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins, and Orville and Woodville Latham （with the assistance of Edison’s former assistant， William Dickson） perfected projection devices. ■These early projection devices were used in vaudeville theaters， legitimate theaters, local town halls, makeshift storefront theaters， fairgrounds， and amusement parks to show films to a mass audience. ■
Step 1: When this widespread use of projection technology began to hurt his Kinetoscope business, Edison acquired a projector developed by Armat and introduced it as “Edison's latest marvel， the Vitascope。”
Step 2: These early projection devices were used in vaudeville theaters, legitimate theaters， local town halls, makeshift storefront theaters, fairgrounds, and amusement parks to show films to a mass audience。
应选4
OGP239-12
题目:12。 Look at the four squares ［■］ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
This new party argued against the policies of Jackson and his party in a number of important areas， beginning with the economy.
Where would the sentence best fit?
During Jackson’s second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party。 ■Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market， banks， and commerce。■The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people”—farmers， planters, and workers—and a set of greedy aristocrats.■ This “paper money aristocracy \" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit， Democrats claimed， and sapped the nation’s virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden， unearned wealth.■The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic。 They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society； the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers； and the loss of independence that came with it.
Step 1： This new party argued against the policies of Jackson and his party in a number of important areas， beginning with the economy。
Step 2： During Jackson’s second term， his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party.
应选1
OGP105—11
题目：11。 Look at the four squares [■］ that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage。
This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers。
Where would the sentence best fit？
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. ■ As master craftworkers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen。 ■In addition, women often worked in their homes part—time， making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists。■After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers。 ■Cheap transportation networks， the rise of cities， and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production。
Step 1： This new form of manufacturing depended on the movement of
goods to distant locations and a centralized source of laborers.
Step 2: After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers.
应选4
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