胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版)测试题——第二章：语音

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题——第二章：语音

Chapter 2 Speech Sounds

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1~5 ACDAA 6~10 DBABB

1. Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice 2. Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /).

A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme

3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones

4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as __________. A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula

5. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as __________ diphthongs.

A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering

6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called __________.

A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones

7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above

8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?

A. [n] B. [m] C. [ b ] D. [p]

9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. [i:] B. [ u ] C. [e] D. [ i ]

10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant

IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. Sound assimilation: Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. In connected speech, under the influence of their neighbors, are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both original sounds. This process is called sound assimilation.

32. Suprasegmental feature: The phonetic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features; these are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. The main suprasegmental ones includes stress, intonation, and tone. 33. Complementary distribution: The different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in complementary distribution.

34. Distinctive features: It refers to the features that can distinguish one phoneme from another. If we can group the phonemes into two categories: one with this feature and the other without, this feature is called a distinctive feature.

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V. Answer the following questions. (20%)

35. What is acoustic phonetics?（中国人民大学，2003）

Acoustic phonetics deals with the transmission of speech sounds through the air. When a speech sound is produced it causes minor air disturbances (sound waves). Various instruments are used to measure the characteristics of these sound waves.

36. What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?（南开大学，2004）

When the vocal cords are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless; consonants [p, s, t] are produced in this way. But when the vocal cords are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiced. [b, z, d] are voiced consonants.

VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)

37. Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions; then give an English word that contains this sound. Example: voiced alveolar stop [d] dog. （青岛海洋大学，1999）

(1) voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop (2) low front vowel (3) lateral liquid

(4) velar nasal

(5) voiced interdental fricative

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