[新知导引]
1．(教材P5)“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
2．(教材P5)“Does a friend always have to be a person？”the writer asks us.
→The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.
3．(教材P5)“Why did you go to bed so late last night？” Father asked Anne.
→Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before. 4．My mother said，“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” →My mother said a friend in need is a friend indeed. [语法详解]
一、直接引语和间接引语概述
*直接引用别人的原话就是直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
*间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
*直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。 二、直接引语变为间接引语
直接引语变为间接引语时，应在时态、句式、代词、状语以及方向性动词等方面作一些必要的调整。
1．时态的变化
(1)直接引语变为间接引语时，引述动词如果用的是过去式，间接引语在时态方面要作相应的变化。一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时，应分别改为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。但如果直接引语中的时态是一般过去时，且和具体的过去时间状语连用时，时态无须变化。
They said, “Our parents often go shopping with us.” 他们说：“我们的父母经常和我们一起购物。”
→They said their parents often went shopping with them. 他们说他们的父母经常和他们一起购物。 He said, “You told me this story.” 他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He said that I had told him that story.
他说我给他讲过那个故事。
Tom said, “I was born in 1996. ” 汤姆说：“我生于1996年。” →Tom said that he was born in 1996. 汤姆说他生于1996年。
(2)若引述动词用的是一般现在时，时态无须变化。 He says, “I'm tried.” 他说：“我很累。” →He says that he is tired. 他说他很累。
2．句式变化
(1)直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句(that可以省略)。引述动词主要有say，tell，repeat，explain等。
She said, “I like to watch TV.” 她说：“我喜欢看电视。”
→She said that she liked to watch TV. 她说她喜欢看电视。
He said, “She can swim.” 他说：“她会游泳。”
→He said that she could swim. 他说她会游泳。
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语要变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句；直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句，注意宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
“Do you know the man？” he asked. 他问：“你认识这个男人吗？”
→He asked if/whether I knew the man. 他问我是否认识那个男人。
“What do you do in the evening？” he asked. 他问：“你晚上做什么？”
→He asked me what I did in the evening. 他问我晚上做什么。
3．代词变化：指示代词：this→that, these→those；人称代词要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化。
He said, “I am going to Beijing this week.” 他说：“这周我要去北京。”
→He said that he was going to Beijing that week.
他说那周他要去北京。
The little girl told him, “I have seen the film.”
那个小姑娘告诉他：“我已经看过那部电影了。” →The little girl told him she had seen the film. 那个小姑娘告诉他，她已经看过那部电影了。
4．时间状语和地点状语的变化：now→then，today→that day，tonight→that night, yesterday→the day before, last week→the week before, ago→before, tomorrow→the next day, next week→the next week, here→there。
He said，“I bought the house 10 years ago.” 他说：“我十年前买了这所房子。”
→He said that he had bought the house 10 years before. 他说他十年前买了这所房子。
“Did you see her last week？” he asked. 他问：“你上周见到她了吗？”
→He asked if I had seen her the week before. 她问我前一周是否见到她了。
Mr Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month.”
王先生说：“下个月我会去上海出差。”
→Mr Wang said that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.
王先生说下个月他会去上海出差．
5．方向性动词的变化：come→go, bring→take。 He said, “I brought it home with me.” 他说：“我把它随身带回家。”
→He said he had taken it home with him. 他说他把它随身带回家。
注意：间接引语中时态不变的用法
(1)直接引语如果是客观真理或自然现象时，时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun，” said the teacher. 老师说：“地球围绕太阳转。”
→The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. 老师说地球围绕太阳转。
(2)直接引语如果是习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或状态，时态不变。
“My brother always goes to school by bike，” Jack said. 杰克说：“我哥哥总是骑车上学。”
→Jack said that his brother always goes to school by bike. 杰克说他哥哥总是骑车上学。
(3)如果间接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态说话时仍在继续，时态不变。
“My parents live in Shanghai，”said Li Hua. 李华说：“我父母住在上海。”
→Li Hua said that his parents live in Shanghai. 李华说他父母住在上海。
考情分析
直接引语和间接引语是中学英语的重要语法，也是高考的重要考点，其热点考查内容是时态变化、语序变化等。
巧学助记
人称代词的变化规律：
(1)“一随主”：直接引语中有第一人称代词时，变间接引语时应与引述部分主语保持一致。
(2)“二随宾”：直接引语中有第二人称代词时，变间接引语时应与引述部分宾语保持一致。
(3)“三不变”：直接引语中有第三人称代词时，变间接引语时无须变化。
即时训练
Ⅰ.改正间接引语中的错误
1．He told me, “I will go to Shanghai.” He told me that he will go to Shanghai. will→would 2．He said, “The earth moves around the sun.” He said that the earth moved around the sun. moved→moves 3．Tom said, “I will go to school tomorrow.” Tom said I would go to school the next day. I→he 4．He asked me, “Did you leave London two days ago？”
He asked me whether I had left London two days ago. ago→before 5.“You must come here before six，” he said. He said I must come there before six. come→go Ⅱ.将间接引语补充完整 1．I told him, “I lost my money and I will find it.” →I told him I had lost my money and that I would find it. 2．The woman asked him, “Why do you have to sleep in the open air？” →The woman asked him why he had to sleep in the open air. 3．“Have you ever been to the seaside？” he asked me. →He asked me if I had ever been to the seaside. 4．She said, “I am coming this week.” →She said that she was coming that week. 5．He said, “I need a ruler.” →He said that he needed a ruler. Ⅲ.把下列直接引语变成间接引语 1．He said, “I am living in London now.” He said that he was living in London then. 2．She said, “I haven't heard from him since May.” She said she hadn't heard from him since May. 3．He said to Tom, “I can help them.” He said to Tom that he could help them. 4．He asked me, “Are you fond of football？” He asked me if I was fond of football. 5．She said, “I'll bring you this book next month.” She said she would bring me that book the next month. 根据直接引语写出间接引语中谓语的正确形式 1．“I didn't mean to hurt you，” said my friend Mary. →My friend Mary said she hadn't meant to hurt me. 2．Mom asked, “Will you stay at home alone this weekend？” →Mom asked whether I would stay at home alone that weekend. 3．My father asked, “What do you want to get as a present on your birthday？” →My father asked what I wanted to get as a present on my birthday.
4．“What will we eat today？” he asked his mother. →He asked his mother what they would eat that day. 5．“I'm sure Robin can win the match tomorrow.” Tom said to me. →Tom said to me that he was sure Robin could win the match the next day. 6．“I will go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow，” my father said to me. →My father told me that he would go to Beijing for a meeting the next day. 7．“China is the biggest developing country in the world，” said Mr Smith. →Mr Smith said that China is the biggest developing country in the world. 8．“How much have we spent on petrol this year？” Susan asked her husband. →Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year. 9．Mother asked me, “Have you finished your homework？” →Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework. 10．He says，“I bought you a book yesterday.” →He says that he bought me a book yesterday. 课时作业(四) Unit 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar —直接引语与间接引语(Ⅰ) Ⅰ.直接引语改成间接引语或间接引语改成直接引语 1．My sister said to me, “I will come here next week.” →My sister told me that she would go there the next week. 2．“How are you feeling now？” the doctor asked him. →The doctor asked him how he was feeling then. 3．“Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant？” the woman asked the policeman. →The woman asked the policeman if/whether he could tell her how to get to the nearest restaurant. 4．“The sun is bigger than the moon，” the teacher said to us. →The teacher told us that the sun is bigger than the moon. 5．Mr Smith asked Mary if she would go out with him that night. →“Will you go out with me tonight，Mary？”said Mr Smith. 6．She told me that she would fly to London the next day. →She said to me.“I will fly to London tomorrow.”
7．The woman asked him why he had to sleep in the open air.
→The woman said to him, “Why do you have to sleep in the open air？”
8．He asked me if I had visited Beijing two years before. →“Did you visit Beijing two years ago？” he asked me. Ⅱ.阅读理解
I once had a friend that was diagnosed with terminal cancer, and the news that he might only have six months to live was a great shock to him, his family, and his friends. However, in spite of the serious illness, he was initially determined to look into all available treatments that might cure or extend his life. I think that when you find yourself in such situations, you tend to look up every possible way for hope of saving your life.
As months went on and his health grew worse, I noticed an unexpected change in attitude that came over him. He had also been a happy person with a cheerful personality, but rather than give in to discouragement and self-pity, he took comfort in God and humanity. His
talks focused on others rather than himself, and he spoke of the afterlife as something he was prepared for, believing that his concerned ancestors, including his mother and father, were there waiting for him.
During the last few months, weeks, and days of his life, he was kindly cared for by family, friends, his loving wife, who attended to both his physical and emotional needs, and workers from a local hospice (安养院) came to the home to regulate his medication and provide any other needed support. He didn't complain about his fate, and he willingly allowed others to serve him.
Indeed, one might think why God allows death and suffering in our world, but for me, such experiences taught me to value family more and be kind to others. You often can't learn these important attributes in the lap of luxury, and perhaps, such an experience is the greatest and final gift the illness can give those left behind.
【语篇解读】 “我”的一位老朋友被诊断出患了癌症并已是晚期，医生说他只能活几个月了。从他的身上，“我”对人生有了新的认识，那就是珍惜亲情、重视友谊等。 1．Which word can best describe the man's initial reaction as soon as he was diagnosed with cancer?
A．Satisfied. B．Surprised. C．Terrified. D．Confused.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据首句中的“shock”可知本题选B。
2．What did the man do after he first learned of his illness? A．He was operated on immediately. B．He retired from his job.
C．He researched cancer treatments. D．He felt sad, doing nothing.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。由第一段中的第二句“However.... extend his life.”可知本题选C。
3．What was the man's main source of comfort after several months with the disease?
A．His family and friends. B．His belief in humanity.
C．His doctors' encouragement. D．The care from others.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“... he took comfort in God and humanity”可知本题选B。 4．What does the author mainly want to tell?
A．All people will face death, and thus, we must prepare for it spiritually.
B．Our characters can be strengthened by such an unpleasant situation.
C．Families provide the best support system during such a crisis. D．People should help those who have got serious illness.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，人们的性格和认识需要经过一些不愉快的处境来塑造和提升。故本题选B。
Ⅲ.阅读填句
You've decided your child is spoiled, and you want to do something about it. Is it too late? Not necessarily. Here are four tips from an expert for getting your child to behave well.
1 You've spoiled your child by giving him or her too much for too little. You can correct this by helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and to understand that not all good behavior is rewarded. 2 For example, at first, insist that your daughter put a few toys away before she gets a snack, and gradually increase the amount of work required for each reward.
Don't overreact (反应过度) to crying. When children don't get what
they want, their natural behavior is to cry. If you react every time your child cries, you may be denying (拒绝给予) him or her an important chance to learn something. 3
Prepare for a fight. At the beginning, children's demands will increase when they find out parents are not going to give them the new toys they want. When it happens, be careful not to give in just because the child shouts. 4
Stick with the program. Your child will probably be upset when you begin making changes. 5 It means the requirements are getting stricter and that your child is adjusting (适应). Remember: give it time, and don't give up.
A．Cut down on rewards.
B．That's not necessarily a bad thing. C．Start out making changes slowly.
D．Rather, wait until the child calms down.
E．Don't try to reason with him or her about the situation.
F．There is little doubt that things will get worse before they get better.
G．As a parent, you need to know when to comfort a child and when to simply walk away.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。本文介绍了如何纠正被宠坏的孩子的行为。
1．答案与解析：A 下文中的“by giving him or her too much”呼应A项中的“Cut down”，且下文中的“helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and to understand that not all good behavior is rewarded”和A项意思相符。
2．答案与解析：C 下文中的“gradually increase”呼应C项中的“making changes slowly”。
3．答案与解析：G G项是对上文不过度回应孩子哭闹之后的正确做法的阐述。
4．答案与解析：D 由本段小标题“Prepare for a fight”和“not to give in just because the child shouts”可知，此处给出正确做法：等待孩子平静下来，即D项。
5．答案与解析：B B项承上启下，由下文中的“It means the
requirements are getting stricter and that your child is adjusting.”可知，上文中提到的“Your child will probably be upset”的状况也不一定就是坏事，B项符合语境。
Ⅳ.完形填空
I realize that we all live in a world where there is no trust. 1 I go, I have to prove my identity and make myself 2 whether it's a bank, a shop or an office. I have been used to living by the 3 that no one is believable unless it proves otherwise.
But yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally 4 rule.
He was selling toys on a busy street. 5 I would ignore and hurry past such sellers. But this time, I noticed this young man was 6 ， so I stood for some time to see 7 he sold his toys.
Soon, a little child was 8 by one of the toys, whose price was only one dollar. His mother gave the young man 10 dollars and wanted the 9 back. When I was 10 how he was going to do it, he told the young mom to 11 the money in the bag which was hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he owed (欠) her.
I realized that this young man's whole mode of earning 12 believing people not to cheat him. There was no 13 of him knowing if someone took more out of his money bag. I was so 14 by how this young blind man trusted people that I took a toy I did not 15 at all. He told me to do 16 thing. So I put my 10 dollars in his bag 17 did not take any change. As I walked down the street, I gave the 18 to a little boy passing by. I hope those two people would have a smile on their face that day.
I kept thinking the world would be a 19 place if we could all learn to 20 people more, like the young blind man.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者觉得如今社会上缺乏信任，去任何地方都要确定身份。但是偶然中在街上看到卖玩具的盲人之后他改变了看法。这件事情让作者感慨万千，如果我们每个人信任别人多一点，世界将会变得更美好。
1．A.Wherever B．Whenever C．However D．Whether
答案与解析：A 根据“I realize that we all live in a world where
there is no trust.”可知，作者觉得社会上缺少信任，似乎无论去哪里，不管是银行、商店还是办公室都必须证明自己的身份。故选A。
2．A.active B．able
C．believable D．enjoyable
答案与解析：C 由下文“no one is believable”可知，“我”不得不证明自己，并让自己可信。故选C。
3．A.way B．rule C．end D．time
答案与解析：B 根据下文中的“lived by a totally 4 rule”可知，“我”已经习惯了这个生活准则，没有人是可信的，除非有其他的证明。故选B。
4．A.similar B．different C．strange D．right
答案与解析：B 句意：但是昨天“我”看到一个年轻人有一个完全不同的生活准则。故选B。
5．A.Hardly B．Sometimes C．Possibly D．Usually
答案与解析：D 他正在一个繁忙的街道卖玩具。通常“我”会忽略并快速路过这样的卖家。根据下文的“But this time...”可知，前后表示不同的做法。故选D。
6．A.deaf B．strong C．weak D．blind
答案与解析：D 根据文章最后的“the young blind man”一句可知，作者发现这个年轻人是盲人。故答案选D。 7．A.how B．where C．when D．why
答案与解析：A 句意：所以我在旁边站了一会儿，看他如何卖掉自己的玩具。
8．A.attracted B．cheated C．stopped D．surprised
答案与解析：A 句意：很快，一个小孩被一个玩具迷住了，其价格只有一美元。根据句意可知选A。
9．A.bag B．money C．change D．boy
答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“take out whatever change”可知，孩子的母亲给了年轻人10美元，并要求找零。
10．A.explaining B．showing C．wondering D．advising
答案与解析：C 句意：当“我”在想知道他会怎么做时……。故wonder符合语境。
11．A.take B．put
C．get D．find
答案与解析：B 句意：他告诉这个年轻的妈妈把钱放进挂在他脖子上的袋子里，然后拿出应找的零钱。由句意可知选B。
12．A.put away B．depended on
C．learnt about D．looked into
答案与解析：B “我”意识到这个年轻人的整个挣钱的模式取决于信任人们不会欺骗他。故选B。
13．A.use B．need
C．importance D．way
答案与解析：D 根据上下文可知，他没有办法知道是否有人拿出更多的钱。故答案为D。
14．A.touched B．bored
C．laughed at D．fooled
答案与解析：A “我”被这个盲人如何信任别人的行为所感动。
15．A.notice B．need
C．buy D．sell
答案与解析：B 联系前文可知，“我”拿出一个我根本不需要的玩具。故答案为B。
16．A.another B．no
C．the same D．any
答案与解析：C 他让“我”做同样的(the same)事情。 17．A.and B．so
C．or D．but
答案与解析：D 所以“我”把10美元放进包里，但没有拿回零钱。
18．A.change B．book
C．toy D．man
答案与解析：C 句意：当“我”走在街上时，我把玩具给了一个路过的小男孩。故选C。
19．A.worse B．better
C．newer D．quieter
答案与解析：B 根据语境可知这里的意思是说，如果我们都像那个盲人小伙子一样，给别人多一些信任，那么世界将变得更加美好。
20．A.believe in B．agree with
C．give in to D．turn down
答案与解析：A 见上题解析。
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