Lesson 4 the Trial That Rocked the World
1. \"Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks.\"
2. The case had erupted round my head...
3. ... no one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. History.
4. \"That's one hell of a jury!\"
5. \"Today it is the teachers, \"he continued, \"and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.
6. \"There is some doubt about that,\" Darrow snorted.
7. ... accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion.
8. Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.
9. Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defense.
10. My heart went out to the old warrior as spectator s pushed by him to shake Darrow's hand.
1. “Don’t worry, young man, we have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.”
2. The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently;
3. I was the last one to expect that my case would become one of the most famous trials in U.S. History.
4. The jury is a completely inappropriate.
5. Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to spread knowledge of science.
6. “It is doubtful whether man has reasoning power,” said Darrow sarcastically and scornfully.
7. ... accused Bryan of demanding that a life or death struggle be fought between science and religion.
8. People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.
9. Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for Scopes which was a brilliant idea.
10. I felt sorry for Bryan as the spectators rushed past him to congratulate Darrow.
Unit 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
1. Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of
Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is noted for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end.
2. His work on the boat made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people. It is a world of all types of characters.
3. All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph.
4. Steamboat decks were filled with people of pioneering spirit and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers, gamblers and thugs.
5. He went west to Nevada by a horse-pulled public vehicle, following the flow of people in the gold and silver rush.
6. Mark Twain began to work hard as a newspaper reporter and humorist
to become well-known locally.
7. Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless people, because those who stayed at home were the slow, dull and lazy people.
8. That’s typical of California.
9. If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers.
10. At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the world.
Unit 9 “A More Perfect Union”
The document they produced was eventually signed but ultimately unfinished.
P1: After heated debate and compromises, the Constitution was finally adopted by the Constitutional Convention and 39 out of 55 delegates signed the document. But the “three-fifths” clause and the twenty years allowed for the slave trade showed the slave issue was not solved, so the process of forming a more perfect union did not end with the enforcement of the Constitution.
But it also comes from my own story.
P2: My personal background and my success story, rising from rags to riches, also teaches me the importance of unity.
But it is a story that has seared into my genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more than the sum of its part-that out of many, we are truly one.
P3: I am deeply ingrained, through my experience in the United States, with the idea that America is not a total of adding everything together but is the product of fusion, of sharing the same creed.
Throughout the first year of this campaign, against all predictions to the contrary, we saw how hungry the American people were for this message of unity.
P4: In spite of all announcements that America was not ready for a black president, that I would fail in the campaign, we gained momentum in the first year of the campaign, which showed that the American people demanded unity and change.
Despite the temptation to view my candidacy through a purely racial lens, we won commanding victories in states with some of the whitest populations in the country.
P5: People were encouraged to judge me from the perspective of a black candidate, raising the question of whether the United State would fare better with a black president. However, we won great victories even in some of the more conservative states, with stronger racial bias.
We saw racial tensions bubble to the surface during the week before the South Carolina primary.
P6: The week before the Democrats were to select their delegates to the national convention in South Carolina, attacks on me, on blacks became more frequent, more intense.
On one end of the spectrum, we’ve heard the implication that my candidacy is somehow an exercise in affirmative action; that it’s based solely on desire of wide-eyed liberals to purchase racial reconciliation on the cheap.
P7: At one end of the entire range of opinion, there are people who say that I decided to run because I wanted to show black and white should have equal opportunity and I wanted to play on the desires of naïve liberals to achieve racial harmony without making great effort.
I can no more disown him than I can disown the black community.
P8: It is impossible for me to cast him off just as it is impossible for me to repudiate the black community.
Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King's English
1. And it is an activity only of humans. (para 1)
并且它是人类特有的一种活动。
1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being．
2. Conversation is not for making a point. (para 2)
交谈并不是为了表明一种看法。
2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．
3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (para 2)
实际上，最好的交谈者，是那些准备输的人。
3．In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．
4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. (para 3)
酒吧友人没有深层次地涉及彼此的生活。
4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives．
5. it could still go ignorantly on (para 6)
大伙仍旧可以糊里糊涂地扯下去。
5. The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．
6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). (para 9)
地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef。
6．These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．
7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para11)
新的统治阶级用法语来对抗其他语言，这样就建立起了对抗这些农民的文化壁垒。
7． The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult
for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers．
8. English had come royally into its own. (para 13)
英语取得了国语的地位。
8．The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．
9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (para 15)
下层阶级使用这个短语时，常带有贬义，甚至讥讽的味道。
9．The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes（or: The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．）
10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (para 15)
对文化支配的对抗仍然存在。
10．There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．
11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that \"words will
harden into things for us. \" (para 16)
正如卡莱尔提出的，“对我们而言，词语会变成具体的事物”，这始终会有极大的危险。
11． There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．
Lesson 2 Marrakech
1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.
2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.
3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (para 3)
4. A carpenter sits cross legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.
5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews.
6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury
7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)
8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings.
9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.
10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil (para 17)
11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.
12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)
13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms
14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? (para 25)
15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.
1. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of
mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.
4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.
6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.
7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.
8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.
9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.
No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor
slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)．
10. Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people. With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．
11. She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．
12 .People with brown skins are almost invisible．
13. The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies．
14. How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。
15 Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．
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