国家公共英语(四级)笔试模拟试卷11(题后含答案及解析)

国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷11 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Writing

Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are THREE parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfe

PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

听力原文： My name is Sarah. My grandfather was called Charles, and my grandmother was called Ann. They lived in Manchester. My grandmother died last year, aged ninety-eight. They had three children, named David, John and Alice. They are, of course, my father, my uncle, and aunt. My father is called David, and he is the eldest of the three. My mother is called Mary. My father was an engineer. He’s retired now. My father’s brother, my uncle, as I said, is called John. He’s married to Heidi They have two children The oldest is called Simon, and the younger one is called Sally. My uncle John is in the army, serving in Germany. Simon is married to a girl called Diana. They have two children, Richard and Fiona. My aunt, Alice, married a man called Henry Jones. They moved to Australia when I was very young. I don’t remember them very well. My husband’s name is Andy. We have two children, Ida aged two and Tom who is six months old. We’re working in China now, and may visit Aunt Alice next year.

1． Sarah’s father was an ______.

正确答案：engineer

解析：独白第九句指出：My father was an engineer。

2． Sarah’s grandmother was ______ years old when she died.

正确答案：98/ninety-eight 解析：独白第四句谈到Sarah的祖母时说：My grandmother died last year, aged ninety-eight，即她祖母去世时有98岁。

3． Sarah’s father is the ______ of her grandparents’ three children.

正确答案：eldest

解析：答案信息对应于独白第七句；My father...is the eldest of the three，即她父亲是长子。

4． Sarah’s aunt and uncle live in ______.

正确答案：Australia

解析：本题答案对应于独白倒数第四句：They moved to Australia...，其中的they指代的就是前面一句中提到的aunt及其家人，这一句说明她姑姑一家现在住在澳大利亚。

5． Sarah is now working in ______.

正确答案：China

解析：独白最后一句说：We’re working in China now。

PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.

听力原文： Loneliness is a curious thing. Many people can remember feeling most lonely not when they were in fact alone at all, but when they were surrounded by people. Everyone of us has experienced, at some time, that utter sense of isolation comes over you when you are at a party or an audience at a lecture. It suddenly seems to you as if everybody knows everybody else; everybody is sure of himself; everybody, except you. This feeling of loneliness which can come over you when you are in a crowd is very difficult to overcome. People living alone are advised to deal with their loneliness by joining a club or a society, by going out and meeting people. Does this really help? There are no easy solutions. Your first day at work, or at a new school or university, is a typical situation in which you are likely to feel lonely. You feel that everybody else is very confident and knows what to do, but you are adrift and helpless. The fact of the matter is that in order to survive, we all put on a show of self-confidence to hide our uncertainties and doubts. In a big city it is particularly easy to get the feeling that everybody except you is leading a full, rich and busy life. Everybody is going somewhere, and you tend to assume that they are going somewhere nice and interesting, whereas your destination is less exciting and fulfilling.

6． Many people can remember feeling very lonely when we were ______.

正确答案：surrounded by people.

7． The feeling of loneliness is very difficult ______.

正确答案：to overcome.

8． In order to survive, we all put on a ______.

正确答案：show of self-confidence.

9． It is easy to get the feeling that everyone except you is living a full, rich and busy life in ______.

正确答案：a big city.

10． You tend to assume that your destination is less ______.

正确答案：exciting and fulfilling.

PART CDirections: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

听力原文： Green plants can produce their own food. They use substances in the environment. This process is known as photosynthesis. In contrast, all animals including humans, get their food either directly from plants or indirectly by eating animals which have eaten plants. So animals take in a wider range of foods than plants. Plants are generally stationary. They do not have the power of locomotion. Animals, on the other hand, can usually move around. Therefore, plants appear to be less sensitive than animals although they respond in some ways to light, heat, physical contact and other stimuli. In external appearance plants are usually green. They grow in a branching fashion at their extremities. Their growth continues throughout their lives. Animals, however, are very diverse in their external appearance. Their growth pattern is not limited to their extremities but is evenly distributed. Growth occurs in a definite period of time. The most basic difference between plants and animals is in the unit of structures and functions: i.e. , the cell. Plant cells have a wall which is nonliving in chemical nature whereas animal cells do not have this characteristic.

11． What is the most fundamental difference between plants and animals? A．Plants produce their own food but animals don’t. B．Plant cells have a wall which is non-living in chemical nature but animal cells haven’t.

C．Plants are green but animals aren’t. D．Plants can’t move but animals can.

正确答案：B

12． Which of the following is TRUE about plants? A．They have the power of locomotion.

B．They have a wider range of foods than animals. C．They are very diverse in their external appearance. D．They are less sensitive than animals.

正确答案：D

13． What can we infer from the passage?

A．Plants have more characteristics than animals. B．Animals have more characteristics than plants. C．Plants and animals are different in several ways.

D．Plants and animals are less powerful than human beings.

正确答案：C

听力原文：M: Um, Mary, could you cell me how to use this cassette recorder, please?W: OK. Well, first of all, you have to plug it into the power supply.M: Yeah, I see.W: Once you’ve done that... you don’t need to switch anything on.M: How do you open it?W: Well, you have to press the little button that says eject.M: This one here?W: That’s right. That’s it.M: Like that?W: Yeah. After you’ve clone that, then you load the cassette. Make sure that you’ve got the right side of the tape facing you and not away from you. Then you should close the cassette flap.M: Like that?W: Yeah, that’s right. And then you must remember to press the play button to set it to work.M: That one on the right?W: Yes, that’s it.M: Like that?W: Right! It won’t go clown unless you push hard.M: I know. Those old models are all like that.W: That’s just what you must do.M: Yes. But how about this red thing here?W: That’s the record switch. Be careful not to press it when you’re playing, because if you do you’ll wipe off whatever is on the tape.M: Oh, I see. So that’s the record and this is the rewind.W: Exactly. If you want to rewind, then you have to press it down.M: And then stop it here.W: That’s it. You’ve got it.

14． What must you make sure when you load the cassette? A．That you open the recorder. B．That you get the power supply.

C．That you get the right side of the tape facing you. D．That you switch the recorder on.

正确答案：C

15． What may the red thing do besides recording? A．Wipe off the sound on the tape. B．Play the recorder.

C．Set the recorder to work. D．Stop the recorder.

正确答案：A

16． What button do you press if you want to listen again what has been played? A．Pause button. B．Record button. C．Forward button. D．Rewind button.

正确答案：D

听力原文： The main policy-making bodies of the EU are the Commission, the Council of Ministers, and the European Parliament. The Commission has 17 members appointed by EU countries for four-year terms. It is an executive body with the right of proposing initiatives to the Council of Ministers. This Council is made up of the foreign ministers from the member nations. Although the Commission represents community interests, the Council represents the national interests of the members. Members of the Council rotate the presidency with each holding the office for six-month terms. The European Parliament had 626 members in 1995. The representatives are elected by citizens of member nations. The number of representatives differs according to the size of each country. Germany for example, has 99 representatives, while Luxembourg has six. When the Parliament meets, the representatives sit in political groups, not by nation. Some of the political groups are: the Socialists, the European People’s party (or Christian Democrats), the Liberal Democratic and Reform Group, the European Democrats, and the Greens (an environmental group). Other EU institutions are the Court of Justice, the Court of Auditors, the Economic and Social Committee, and the European Investment Bank. The Court of Justice, founded in 1958, reviews the legality of acts of the Commission and Council. The Court of Auditors, founded in 1977, monitors the revenues and expenditures of the EU. Since 1958 the Economic and Social Committee has revised the Commission and the Council on general economic policy. The Committee has 189 members representing employers, labor unions, farmers, professions, consumers, and small businesses. The European Investment Bank, founded in 1958, is an independent public institution that oversees long-term investment.

17． Whose interests does the Council of Ministers represent? A．The community interests.

B．The interests of the foreign ministers from the member nations. C．The interests of the Council members. D．The national interests of the members.

正确答案：D

18． How many members did European Parliament have in 1995?

A．189. B．626. C．99. D．17.

正确答案：B

19． Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the political groups? A．Communists. B．Socialists.

C．The Liberal Democratic. D．Reform Group.

正确答案：A

20． What’s the responsibility of the Court of Auditors?

A．Reviews the legality of acts of the Commission and Council. B．Oversees long-term investment.

C．Monitors the revenues and expenditures of the EU.

D．Advises the Commission and the Council on general economic policy.

正确答案：C

Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Broadly speaking, the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully 【21】______ only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seams inhibited. 【22】______ embarrassed. You have only to 【23】______ a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. 【24】______ , there is here an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which. 【25】______ broken, makes the person immediately the object of 【26】______ . It is a well-known fact that the English have a 【27】______ for the discussion of their weather and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it 【28】______ . Some people argue that it is because English weather 【29】______ forecast and hence is a source of interest and. 【30】______ to everyone. This may be so. 【31】______ Englishmen cannot have much 【32】______ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 【33】______ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate — or as inaccurate — as the weathermen in his 【34】______ . The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the

number of references 【35】______ weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are 【36】______ by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn’t it?” “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?” 【37】______ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. 【38】______ he wants to start a conversation with an Englishman but is 【39】______ to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will 【40】______ an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.

21． 【21】 A．entertained B．relaxed C．amused D．enlightened

正确答案：B 解析：考查形容词辨义与上下文理解。由空格后面的only与people he knows well可知填入的词应当与前面的quiet, shy, reserved三个词的意义在整体上对立，所以选relaxed(放松的)。其余三项：entertained娱乐的；amused被逗乐了的；enlightened开明的。它们都属于动词过去分词转为形容词，都不合题意。

22． 【22】 A．yet

B．otherwise C．even D．though

正确答案：C

解析：考查副词与句子结构。由空格前后的inhibited(拘谨的)与embarrassed(尴尬的，局促不安的)两个词可以看出，它们在意义上是递进关系(后者表达的语气比前者强)，所以选用even(甚至)。其余三项都表转折，不合本题逻辑。

23． 【23】 A．experience B．undergo C．travel D．witness

正确答案：D

解析：考查动词辨义与句意理解。由于空格后的宾语是a commuter train，所以应填入witness(目击，看见)。其余三项都不与train搭配：experience经历，体验；undergo遭受，经历；travel旅行(如果指坐火车旅行，travel与train之间要用介词by)。句意指看一看市郊往返列车就可以明白英国人的腼腆和拘谨。

24． 【24】 A．Obviously B．Contrarily C．Frequently D．Practically

正确答案：A

解析：考查副词辨义和上下文理解。由上下文可以看出，空格所在句是对前一句进行的说明。前一句说，“这样做似乎很不正常”，而这一句说“这里有一条不成文但大家都理解得很清楚的行为规则”，因此，它们之间用obviously(显然)最合逻辑。contrarily反之，相反地；frequently经常，频繁地；practically实际上，事实上(因为前文中已有in fact，所以这里不能再用)。

25． 【25】 A．unless B．if C．while D．as if

正确答案：B

解析：考查上下文理解。这道题需要考生仔细分析句子结构。which后的部分为code的定语从句，而空格所在的分句应当是定语从句的状语。如果不要这一状语，定语从句及整个句意就会出现逻辑混乱，所以该状语应当是表示一种假设的相反情况，而broken指的是打破这一行为准则，这样句意才合逻辑，故选 if。注意if broken相当于if it(=code)is broken。

26． 【26】 A．suspicion B．opposition C．attack D．study

正确答案：A

解析：考查名词辨叉与上下文理解。suspicion怀疑，疑心；opposition反对；attack攻击；study研究，学习。由前文所述得知，英国人拘谨腼腆，在陌生人多的地方如市郊往返火车上一般不说话，这已成了一条行为准则。这里说，如果打破这一准则，打破的人(也就是说话的人)立即就会成为______的对象。所以选用 [A]最合适；[B]、[C]两项太过，也与前文不符；[D]明显不对。

27． 【27】 A．passion B．fancy C．necessity

D．judgment

正确答案：A

解析：考查名词辨义与固定搭配。have a passion for为习惯搭配，指“酷爱，喜欢”，符合题意。fancy爱好；迷恋，想像力necessity必要性，需要，必需品；judgment审判，判断(力)。它们都不合本题。

28． 【28】 A．at length

B．to a great extent C．from their heart D．by all means

正确答案：A

解析：考查固定搭配辨义与上下文理解。at length详细地；to a great extent在很大程度上；from their heart从心底里，打心眼里；by all means尽一切办法地。由句意和常识可知，英国人喜欢谈论天气，如果有机会，他们就会谈起天气来。[B]、[C]两项明显不对；说他们“尽一切办法地”去谈论天气显然不合常理．所以应选[A]，指“详细地谈论天气”。

29． 【29】 A．follows B．predicts C．defies D．violates

正确答案：C

解析：考查动词辨义与上下文理解。follow跟随，理解，遵循；predict预知，预言，预报；defy违抗，藐视，不服从，不符合；violate违犯，违反，冒犯。由下文的描述可知，这里应当是指英国的天气难以预报，所以选defy，指“不好预报”。注意violate虽与defy近义，但其宾语一般是法律、规定、守则等。

30． 【30】 A．contribution B．deduction C．contemplation D．speculation

正确答案：D

解析：考查名词辨义与上下文理解。contribution贡献，捐献deduction减去，演绎；contemplation注视，沉思，打算；speculation猜测，推测。由空格前的and可知填入的词在内涵上应与前面的interest(兴趣)相同，所以只能选[D]，指天气是每个人感兴趣和乐于猜测的话题。

31． 【31】 A．Still B．Also C．Certainly

D．Fundamentally

正确答案：C 解析：考查副词辨义与上下文逻辑。由下文对天气预报员预报不准确的描述及空格前一句This may be so可知，这里应当选certainly(当然)，表示对英国人不信任天气预报表示肯定。其余三项都不合逻辑。

32． 【32】 A．faith B．reliance C．honor D．credit

正确答案：A

解析：考查名词辨义与固定搭配。faith信任，信心，reliance依赖，依靠(其后跟on)；honor荣誉，光荣，尊敬(其后一般跟of)；credit信任，信用，相信(其后跟to)。除[A]可用在本题构成固定搭配have faith in sb(信任某人)外，其余三项都不能如此搭配。

33． 【33】 A．if B．once C．when D．whereas

正确答案：C

解析：考查上下文逻辑关系。由句子结构分析，空格后的部分应当是一个状语从句，作全句的时间状语，所以选when。其余三项：if表假设；once表让步和条件；whereas表转折或原因。

34． 【34】 A．propositions B．predictions C．approval D．defiance

正确答案：B

解析：考查名词辨义与句意理解。proposition主张，建议，陈述，命题；prediction预言，预报)approval同意，赞成，批准；defiance违抗，蔑视。由句意可知，这里是将英国的普通人与天气预报人员进行对比。而前文一直谈论的是预

报不准确，这里当然也是将两者预报的准确性进行对比了。[C]；[D]两项与文意无关。

35． 【35】 A．about B．on C．as to D．to

正确答案：D

解析：考查介词固定搭配。reference后用介词to，指“谈及…，参考…”，引出谈论或参考的对象。

36． 【36】 A．replaced B．conducted C．executed D．proposed

正确答案：A

解析：考查动词辨义与上下文理解。replace代替，取代；conduct引导，管理，传导；execute执行，实行；propose提议，建议。由下一句的例子对这一句的解释和补充说明可知，这里是指交谈双方的问候性话语被对天气的评论性话语所取代，故选replaced。

37． 【37】 A．Since B．Although C．However D．13efore

正确答案：B

解析：考查上下文逻辑关系。空格所在句的前一分句说“外国人可能认为这很夸张、很有喜剧性”后一分句说“值得指出的是这可能对他(指外国人)会有好处”。很明显，两句之间应当是转折关系，故选 [B]。注意however也表转折关系，但它用于第二个分句前。

38． 【38】 A．Even if B．Because C．If D．For

正确答案：C

解析：考查上下文逻辑关系。由句子结构分析可知，空格所在句中逗号前的部分应当是一个状语从句，后面才是主句。由主从句的句意可以看出，前面从句应当是提出一种假设，即如果外自人想与英国人搭讪但又不知如何开始，就可以用谈话天气情况作为开场白。所以答案为[C]。

39． 【39】 A．at a loss B．at last C．in fact

D．on the occasion

正确答案：A 解析：考查固定搭配辨义与句意理解。at a loss困惑；at last最后，终于in fact事实上；on the occasion在…的时候，在…之际。由上一题的分析可知，此处应填入一个含否定意义的短语(空格前的but也提示了这一点)，所以选[A]。

40． 【40】 A．stimulate B．constitute C．furnish D．provoke

正确答案：D

解析：考查动词辨义。stimulate刺激，激励；constitute制定，建立，组成；furnish装备，布置；提供： provoke激怒，挑拨，引起。由于宾语是answer(回答)，所以只能选[D]，指如果谈论天气，最保守的英国人也会对你的话作出回应。

Section III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes)

Part BDirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

I’d like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes every evening right after the early evening news, all television broadcasting in America be prohibited by law. Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually communicate with one another. It is well known that many of our problems -- everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness -- are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. We do not tell each other what makes us feel disturbed. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better. On evenings when such talk is unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Freed from TV, forced

to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset, or they might take a walk together (remember feet?) and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes. With free time and no TV, children and adults might rediscover reading. There is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. Educators report that the generation growing up with television can barely write an English sentence, even at the college level. Writing is often learned from reading. A more literate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour. A different form of reading might also be done, as it was in the past: reading aloud. Few hobbies bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story. The quiet hour could become the story hour. When the quiet hour ends, the TV networks form our newly discovered activities. At first glance, the idea of an hour without TV seems radical. What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? How will we spend the time? But it is not radical at all. It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time. The people who are thirty-five and older can remember childhood without television, spent partly with radio -- which at least involved the listener’s imagination -- but also with reading, learning, talking, playing games, inventing new activities. It wasn’t that difficult. Honest. The truth is that we had a ball.

41． The failure to talk to each other causes all of the following EXCEPT A．the high divorce rate. B．a real family hour. C．the generation gap.

D．some forms of mental illness.

正确答案：B

解析：人和人之间缺少交流引起的问题，文章第二段中间部分说到了：everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness．惟独没有a real family hour。

42． If we turned off TV for an hour, which of the following is NOT true? A．We would not have any problems. B．There would be a higher divorce rate. C．Families could take a ride together.

D．We would have a new view to neighborhood.

正确答案：B

解析：高离婚率是人和人之间隔阂、缺少交流引起的3个现象之一，而不是关上电视机一小时后，人们做的事情。

43． According to the author,

A．TV is more entertaining than good books. B．good books are as entertaining as TV. C．good books are not so entertaining as TV. D．good books are more entertaining than TV.

正确答案：D 解析：从第四段第一行可知：There is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming。

44． Because young people nowadays don’t read much, A．they find TV very entertaining.

B．they have a lot of time for other pastimes. C．they have enough time to talk to one another. D．even college students can’t write very well.

正确答案：D 解析：第四段第三句可知：Educators report that the generation growing up with television can barely write English sentence, even at the college level。

45． The idea of an hour without TV is NOT radical because A．TV is very popular among people for only twenty-five years. B．TV is an electronic baby-sitter. C．we might get better shows.

D．radio involves the listener’ s imagination.

正确答案：A 解析：“无视一小时”这个想法不偏激是因为电视真正兴起，开始控制人们的生活，时间不过才25年。

Everyone of us lives and works on a small part of the earth’s surface, moves in a small circle, and of these acquaintances knows only a few intimately. Of any public event that has wide effects we see at best only a phase and an aspect. This is true that the eminent insiders, who draft treaties, make laws, and issue orders, are like those who have treaties framed on them, laws promulgated to them, orders given at them. Inevitably our opinions cover a bigger space, a longer reach of time, many things, that we can directly observe. So they have to be pieced together out of what others have reported and what we can imagine. Yet even the eyewitness does not bring back a naive picture of the scene. For experience seems to show that he himself brings something to the scene which later he takes away from it, that oftener than not what he imagines to be the account of an event is really a transfiguration of it. Few facts in consciousness seem to be merely given. Most facts in consciousness seem to be partly made. A report is the joint product of the knower and known, in which the role of the observer is always selective and usually creative. The facts we see depend on where we are placed, and the habits of our eyes.

46． The limited time and space which man occupies suggest, according to the paragraph,

A．man’s life is also insignificant.

B．man’s opinions can not be accurate at all.

C．human observations in general are all but partial. D．man cannot have any opinion.

正确答案：C

解析：人类占据的有限空间，拥有的有限时间表明：选项A：人类的生命也无关紧要。错误，文章根本没涉及。选项B：人类的观点根本就不可能准确。错误，太绝对了，文章只是说人类的观察是片面的，认识是片面的。选项C：人类的观察在总体上来说是片面的。正确，符合题意。选项D：人类不可能有任何想法。错误，和本文无关。

47． Experts such as the so-called insiders A．usually have unbiased opinions.

B．can also be prejudiced in their judgment. C．are reliable observers.

D．do not have correct information at all.

正确答案：B

解析：所谓的内行专家。选项A：通常无偏见。错误，文章从始至终都在谈人类认识的不全面。选项B：在判断时也带有偏见。正确，符合题意。选项C：是可信赖的观察者。与文章不符。选项 D：根本没有正确的信息。错误，过于绝对。

48． The word “naive” in “a naive picture of the scene” most likely means A．uneducated. B．immature.

C．pure and reliable. D．informal.

正确答案：C

解析：naive这里指pure and reliable这里意为完全是本来面目，没有任何后天添加的东西，是事物的原状。

49． The latter part of the paragraph suggests that individual consciousness of the phenomenal world

A．is always fallacious. B．is always reliable.

C．expresses a fusion of the subjective and the objective realities. D．shows a perfect reflection of what the world is.

正确答案：C

解析：个人对感观世界的认识。选项A：总是谬误。错误，过于绝对。选项B：总是可信赖的。错误，that oftener than not what he imagines to be the account of an event is really a transfiguration of it. 经常发生的情况是他们对事件的描叙是美化加工后的情况。选项C：主观世界和客观世界的混合。正确，从文章推断，Few

facts in consciousness seem to be merely given．Most facts in consciousness seem to be partly made．选项D：准确地反映世界的本来面目。错误，与文章不符。

50． By “selective” and “creative”, the author means that the observer of an event

A．collects preferred materials in order to create. B．selects with the intention to create new ideas.

C．selects and creates unconsciously and simultaneously. D．selects and creates objects deliberately.

正确答案：C

解析：从上文可知，事件的观察者对一件事的描叙不可能是事情的原貌，是经过他的加工改造以后的事情。由此可知，这是人的潜意识在下意识地、自动地对事件进行选择加工。

The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.” In my fridgeless fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price. So most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and mm off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.

51． The statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” suggests that

A．the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties. B．the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties. C．there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s.

D．the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.

正确答案：C 解析：in my fridgeless fifties childhood．意为50年代，没有冰箱的童年时代；可知50年代作者家里没有冰箱。

52． Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?

A．People would not buy more food than was necessary. B．Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. C．Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. D．People had effective ways to preserve their food.

正确答案：D 解析：从第二段：The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes, nothing was wasted．由此可知，人们采用有效的方式来保存食物。

53． Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? A．Inventors. B．Consumers. C．Manufacturers.

D．Travelling salesmen.

正确答案：B

解析：文章第三段：The invention of the fridge contributed, comparatively little to the art of food preservation．第四段：What refrigeration did promote was marketing．由此可知，消费者从中受益最少。

54． Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect on the environment?

A．Hum away continuously.

B．Climatically almost unnecessary. C．Artificially-cooled space. D．With mild temperatures.

正确答案：A

解析：hum way continuously，本句意为电冰箱嗡嗡地响一阵，停—会，又嗡嗡地响。由此可知其噪音对环境产生的负而影响最大。

55． What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges? A．Neutral. B．Critical. C．Objective.

D．Compromising.

正确答案：B

解析：作者从始至终对冰箱的态度都是持批评态度的。

Although there had been various small cameras developed, it was not until George Eastman introduced the Kodak in 1888 that the mass appeal of photography attracted America and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far corners of the earth. Eastman called his new famous camera the Kodak for no particular reason except that he liked the word. It was easy to remember and could be pronounced in any language. An immediate consequence of Eastman’s invention was a blizzard of amateur photographs that soon became known as snapshots. The word came from hunters’ jargon. When a hunter fired a gun from the hip, without taking careful aim, it was described as a snapshot. Photographers referred to the process of taking pictures as shooting, and they would take pride in a good day’s shoot the way country gentlemen would boast about the number of birds brought down in an afternoon. Photography became not only easy but fun because of the Kodak. Almost overnight photography became one of the world’s most popular hobbies. A new and universal folk art was born; the showing of one’s latest pictures and the creation of family albums became popular social pastimes. Camera clubs and associations numbered their members in the millions. One ardent amateur was the French novelist Emile Zola, who took a lot of photographs of his family, friends, and travels. Interviewed about his favorite hobby in 1900, he observed, “I think you cannot say you have thoroughly seen anything until you have got a photograph of it.” “The little black box,” as the Kodak was affectionately dubbed, revolutionized the way people communicated. “A picture is worth a thousand words” was the claim and there were literally billions of pictures. In one year alone -- 1988, the centenary of the invention of the Kodak -- it is estimated that almost thirty billion were taken in America alone. The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally mind-boggling. Photography has played an essential role in the media revolution. It has greatly enhanced our ability to convey information, so that the concept of the global village has become a commonplace. Photographs have greatly extended our understanding of and compassion for our fellow human beings. Did Mr. Eastman have the faintest idea of the power residing in his “little black box”?

56． What was the underlying significance of the invention of the Kodak? A．It made the work of professionals more enjoyable.

B．It made picture-taking suddenly popular among ordinary people. C．It marked the beginning of manufacturing small cameras. D．It met the need of photographers in America and Europe.

正确答案：B

解析：从第一段可知：the mass appeal of photography attracted America and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far corners of the earth．大众迷恋摄影，这种潮流从美国、欧洲迅速漫延到世界各地。由此可推断，柯达相机的发明，使摄影在普通人之间一下子流行起来。

57． Snapshot, as is explained in the passage, refers to A．the shooting of birds by hunters. B．the whole process of taking pictures. C．pictures taken at random.

D．pictures that were taken after careful preparation.

正确答案：C 解析：snapshot“快拍”。第二段第二行：when a hunter fired a gun from the hip，without taking careful aim, it was described as a snapshot．摄影师也把摄影称为打猎。

58． Which of the following is NOT a result brought out by the Kodak according to the passage?

A．A new folk art came into existence.

B．Enjoying pictures became a popular hobby.

C．The number of professional photographers increased quickly. D．Camera clubs and associations flourished.

正确答案：C

解析：文章第二段：a blizzard of amateur photographs。指业余摄影师迅速增加掀起了摄影风暴，而不是专业摄影师迅速增长。

59． From context clues, we can guess that the word “centenary” (Para. 4) means A．celebration.

B．one hundred years. C．a noteworthy year. D．an annual celebration.

正确答案：B

解析：centenary“百年纪念”，从文中1888年到1988可推断是 100年。

60． The popularity of photography has not only revolutionized the way people communicate, but it has

A．benefited the economy to a large extent.

B．increased the efficiency of information conveyance. C．improved the understanding between human beings. D．All of the above.

正确答案：D

解析：摄影的普及不仅改变了人们的交流方式，也：选项A：促进经济大幅增长。正确，第四段最后一句：The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally mind-boggling．摄影器材的销售，对经济产生的增长幅度会把人吓一大跳。选项B：提高信息的转换效益。正确，文章最后一段第一行：It has greatly enhanced our ability to convey information．选项C：增进人类之间的

理解。正确，文章第五段第三句：photographs have greatly extended our understanding of and compassion for our fellow human beings。

Part DDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

I have noticed that children are not even being school in social graces. At a Sunday brunch, a clown was making balloon animals for the children. 【61】 My friend’s daughter, Sarah, stood by me waiting for her turn. The children grabbed their balloons one by one and ran. 【62】 I was the only adult present who prompted “What do you say” when the clown handed Sarah her balloon. The clown beamed at us, grateful he had actually been acknowledged. I don’t blame the children, however. They emulate what they see. 【63】 And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition -- be it another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway -- without ever stopping to thank the source. Rude language is now so common that it is accepted behavior. And I’m not talking about the obviously blue vocabulary in books and movies, or that damn is considered harmless compared to what else has become acceptable. I’m referring to inconsiderate word choice. For example, while discussing a story idea with an editor, a very young stall member asked if I was the “chick” who had called for information. I said nothing, knowing that a show of displeasure would have labeled me oversensitive rather than him rude. 【64】 Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally ever before. And, yes, we have made real strides in these areas. But isn’t it ironic that these same people don’t find it necessary to say “Excuse me” to an older couple walking very slowly in front of them, before zooming around the couple? It’s not necessary to provide yet another analysis of the disintegration of the family or the breakdown of the social fabric or the price of democracy to explain what has happened to our society. The matter at hand is simply to thank the next person who provides a helping hand when needed. In a crowded world, manners are very important. Small, friendly human interactions help ease the everyday stress of having to hurry, trying to squeeze onto a crowded thoroughfare, standing in one more line to deal with a clerk of some kind, or calling a customer service representative for the third time about a mistake on a bill. Manners make us aware that everything we have derives from a source. 【65】 Are we really so pressured that we cannot stop to observe simple courtesy?

61． 【61】

正确答案：我朋友的女儿莎拉站在我身边，等着轮到她。 解析：waiting for her turn等着轮到她。

62． 【62】

正确答案：当小丑把气球递给莎拉时，我提醒她说：“您该说什么?”我是在

场的大人中惟一个这么做的人。小丑微笑地看着我们，很感激有人注意到他。

解析：prompt“提示”；beam at“向…眨眼睛”；acknowledge“表示感谢”。

63． 【63】

正确答案：他们所看到的社会是一个完全专注于索求的社会——不管是对餐馆里的另外一杯咖啡还是对繁忙的高速公路上的一块空位，没有人停下来说谢谢。

解析：what they are seeing是主语从句；focus on“专注”；acquisition“获取”；freeway“高速公路”。

64． 【64】

正确答案：今天大部分的人都为建立了一个比过去任何时候更平等地对待种族、性别、经济阶层的社会而感到骄傲。是的，我们在这些领域确实取得了大幅进步。

解析：make a stride“前进”。

65． 【65】

正确答案：我们真的忙得不能停下来注意一下最基本的礼节吗? 解析：be pressured“有压力的”；courtesy“礼貌”；observe courtsy“注 重礼节”。

Section IV Writing (35 minutes)

66． You are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Friendship. You should base your composition on the following outline, and write it coherently and neatly. (1) Friendship is important to us. (2) But real friendship is not easy to come by. (3) Real friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests. (4) It is advisable to have as many good friends as we can. You should write 160--200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

正确答案： Friendship is important to us. Everyone needs friendship. In all our lives, we cannot live without friendship just as we cannot survive without air and water. Friendship gives us a feeling of security and warmth. But real friendship is not easy to