英语词汇学复习提纲

英语词汇学复习提纲Part I概念题

1.（glossary） a list of the difficult words used in a piece of writing orsubject, with explanations of their meanings

2. (phrase) a group of words that form a unit within a clause

3.(expression) unclassified linguistic unit of any length: words, phrases,sentences, paragraphs, etc.

4.(diction) the choice of words used in a speech or piece of writing5.(vocabulary) words in general known, learnt, used, etc. or a list of

words, usually in alphabetical order and with explanations of their meanings6.(lexicon) all the words and phrases in a language or a dictionary7.(lexis) all the words in a language

8.(word) the smallest unit of spoken or written language which has meaningand can stand alone

9.(Etymology) the study of origins and development of words10.(Lexicography) the writing and making of dictionaries11.(Lexical semantics) the study of words and their meanings12.(lexicology) the study of meanings and uses of words

13.(morphology) the study of how words are formed in a language14.(phraseology) the words and phrases used in a particular professionor activity, or a particular way of putting words together to express something15. (collocation) a group of words which \"naturally\" go together throughcommon usage

16. Morpheme: the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, notdivisible or analyzable into smaller forms

17. Root: a root is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveysthe main lexical meaning of the word.

18.Affix: a collective term for the type of formative that can be used

only when added to another morpheme. It can further be divided inflectional and derivational types.19. Prefix: a derivational or an inflectional affix that can be addedto the beginning of a morpheme.

20.Suffix: a derivational or inflectional affix that can be added to theend of a morpheme.

http://www.doczj.com/doc/d714d03ded3a87c24028915f804d2b160b4e8683.html pounding /composition: a word formation

process consisting of

joining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word.22.Derivation/ affixation: a word-formation process by which new wordsare created by adding a prefix, or suffix or both to the base.

23.Conversion: a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain

word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.24.Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words

to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase; it is pronounce letter by letter.25.Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an

organization or a scientific term, etc; they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.26.Blending/hybrid: a word-formation process in which a new word is

formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not intheir full forms.

27.Back-formation: a term used to refer to a word-formation process by

which a shorter word is coined by deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the language.28.Clipping: a word-formation process by which a word is shortened by

deleting one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.29.Motivation: refers to the connection between word symbol and its sense.

Most English words are non-motivated. Motivation can arise in three major ways: phonetic motivation, morphologicalmotivation and semantic motivation.

30.Polysemy : a term used in semantic analysis to refer to a lexical itemwhich has a range of different meanings.

31.Homonyms: words identical in sound or spelling or both but differentin meaning.

32.Synonyms: words differing in sound but identical or similar inmeaning.

33.Antonyms: words that are opposite in meaning

34.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific andgeneral lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter.35.Context in its narrowest sense consists of the lexical items that comeimmediately before and after any word in an act of communication.36. Euphemism: an act of using agreeable language when speaking of an

unpleasant or embarrassing fact (such as death, disease, etc) and of taboo subjects (such as sex and the excretiveprocesses of the body).

37.Metaphor: is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based

on association of similarity, in which a word or phrase ordinarily used for one thing is applied to another, a process whichoften results in semantic change or figurative extension of meaning.

38.Metonymy: a figure of speech by which an object or idea is describedby the name of something closely related to it. Part II 常⽤英语词汇学术语Acronym ⾸字母拼⾳词Acronymy⾸字母拼⾳法Affix 词缀Affixation 词缀法Antonym 反义词Antonymy 反义关系

Back-formation 逆构词，反成法Blend 拼缀词Blending 拼缀法Collocation 搭配，组合Complementaries 互补反义词Complete antonym 完全反义词Composition 复合法Compounding 复合构词法Compound word 复合词、Concept 概念

Conceptual meaning 概念意义Connotative meaning 内涵意义Context 语境

Conversion 词类转换法Denotative meaning 外延意义Degradation of meaning 词义的降格Derivation 派⽣法

Elevation of meaning 词义的升格Etymology 词源学Euphemism 委婉语Homonymy 同⾳（形）异义Hyponymy 上下义关系Idiom 成语

Inflectional affix 屈折词缀Initialism：⾸字母缩略词Metaphor：隐喻

Metonymy：换喻，转喻，借代

Morpheme 词素

Morphology 词形学，形态学Motivation of word 词的理据Neologism 新词语

Onomatopoeic word 拟声词Phonetics 语⾳学Polysemy ⼀词多义Register 语域Root 词根

Semantic field语义场Semantics 语义学Synonym 同义词Synonymy 同义关系

Word-formation/building 构词法Part III True or False Statements

1.It is usual that some affixes have far more frequent productive uses than

others. There are some significant relations between affixes, especially antonymy, as with pre- and post-, -full and –less. (T)2.Though most prefixes can occur as independent words, they can on occasion

be detached to permit coordination, as in pre- and post-hysterectomy. (F)

http://www.doczj.com/doc/d714d03ded3a87c24028915f804d2b160b4e8683.html pounding can occur only in three mainword classes, nouns and to a

lesser extent, adjectives and, to least extent, verbs. (F)

4.Semantically, compounds can often be identified as having a main stress

on the first element and a secondary stress on the second element. (F) 5.English compounds can be analyzed according todifferent criteria, such

as orthographic criteria, semantic criteria, and phonological criteria.(T)

http://www.doczj.com/doc/d714d03ded3a87c24028915f804d2b160b4e8683.html pounds can be divided into threecategories according to word classes:

noun compounds, adjective compounds and verb compounds. (T)

http://www.doczj.com/doc/d714d03ded3a87c24028915f804d2b160b4e8683.html pounds indicate the relations of thecompounding elements by syntacticparaphrases. (T)

8.Conversion is the derivational process whereby an item is adapted or

converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. (T) 9.Conversions from verb to noun and from verb to adjectiveare the most

productive categories. (F)

10.There are two types of conversion: full conversion and partial

conversion. (T)

11.The most important kinds of alteration in conversion are the voicingof final consonants, and the shift of stress. (T)

12.Words formed through acronymy are called acronyms or initialisms,depending on the spelling of the new words. (F)

13.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by removing thesupposed suffixes. (T)

14.Motivation has nothing to do with the explanation for the reason thata particular form has a particular meaning. (F)

15.The conceptual meaning of a word is often unstable and hard todetermine. (F)

16.By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particularword is related to its origin. (T)

17.Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic

element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. (F)18.In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic andinherent relation to the physical world of experience. (T)

19.Contextualism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaningfrom or reduce meaning to observable contexts. (T)

20.The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all itswords and phrases put together. (F)

21.Both semantics and pragmatics study how the speakers of a languagechoose their words to effect successful communication. (F)

22.The meaning of an isolated word from a dictionary is usually abstractand context-independent. (T)

23.Indo-European refers to the family languages spoken originally inEurope. (F)

http://www.doczj.com/doc/d714d03ded3a87c24028915f804d2b160b4e8683.html tin and French belong to the differentlanguage groups. (F)

25.English belongs to the West-Germanic language group of Indo-Europeanlanguage family. (T)

26.The first people in England about whose language we have definiteknowledge are the Celts. (T)

27.Certain Germanic tribes, Angles, Saxons, Frisians and Jutes were thefounders of the English nation. (T)

28.Old English has much less loan words compared with modern English.(T)

29. The Norman Conquest virtually introduced French-Englishbilingualism into England. (T)

30.Collocation is the relationship between two words or groups of wordsthat often go together and form a common expression. (T)

31.Collocations are not transparent in meaning; that is, the meaning ofthe whole cannot be worked out from the meaning of each of the words in it. (F)32.Lexical collocations normally consist of nouns, adjectives, verbs andprepositions. (F)

33. A fixed lexical collocation is a collocation of two or more

co-occurring lexemes in an unchanging syntactic and semantic relationship.(T)

34. A Dictionary of the English Language by Dr. Samuel Johnson in 1755is a symbol for modern English Dictionary. (F)

35.Webster’s two-volume 1828 dictionary, The American Dictionary of the

English Language, published when he was 70 years old, was by far the largest and the most impressive dictionary producedin America up to that time. (T)

36.From pronunciation, British dictionaries as well as American onesgenerally use International Phonetic Alphabet. (IPA). (F)

37.Bilingual dictionaries usually do not have etymological labels dueto the limitation of the length. (T)

Part IV. Practices for Word-formation Processes.

Section A: Explain the meanings of the following compounds in English1.Pickpocket2.Housebreaking3.Off-white4.Sleepwalker5.Brainstorming6.Self-styled7.Tenderfoot8.Good-looking9.Quick-freeze10.DragonflyKeys:

1.A person who steals things from people’s pockets

2.Entering a building without right or permission in order to commit a crime3.A color that is nor pure white but has some grey or yellow in it

4.A person who walks around while asleep

5.Method of solving problems in which all the members of a group suggestideas which are then discussed

http://www.doczj.com/doc/d714d03ded3a87c24028915f804d2b160b4e8683.html ing a name, title etc. which one has givenoneself, esp. without havingany right to do so

7.A person who has recently arrived in a rough place8.Having a pleasant appearance

9.Freeze very quickly for storing so that it keeps its natural qualities10.Insect with a long thin body and two pairs of wingsSection B 根据例词，写出另外同类型转换的例⼦1.Garage to garage _______ ______ _______2.Water to water ________ ________ _______3.Core to core _______ ________ _______4.Nurse to nurse _______ ________ _______5.Hand to hand _______ -________ ______