【本讲信息】 一. 教学内容: 语从句 二. 教学过程: (一)语从句的意义
(二)语从句的引导词:who, whom, which, that, as, when, where, why, whose.(三)语从句引导词选用原则: 1. 先行词是人是物
2. 先行词在从的成分或作用
She is a girl who is eight years old.
Xi’an, which I visited last year, is a very beautiful city. I will never forget the days when we stayed together. (四)语从句的使用 1. 先行词是物
This is a historical museum which /that I visited last month. This is a historical museum in which / where you can enjoy yourself.I like this book of which the cover / the cover of which / whose cover is green.
I didn’t believe the reason which / that you gave me. I didn’t believe the reason why / for which you were late. I will never forget the day which / that I spent by the sea.
I will never forget the day when / on which I met you. 2. 先行词是人
He is a gentleman who / that is loved by his students.
He is a gentleman who/ whom/ that his students love very much. Do you know the girl who is in red?
Do you know the girl whose coat/ of whom the coat/ the coat of whom
3. 引导词只能用that 的情况
A 先行词是不代词或有不代词修饰时 You can take any seat that is free. I will help anyone that are in trouble.
I have read all the magazine that you lend to me. There is still much that can be important. Tell us all that you know.
B 先行词是序数词或有序数词修饰时
Changjiang River is the largest river that I have ever seen. This is the first composition that I have written in English. He is the first to hand in his homework. C 先行词是最或有最修饰时
This is the best that has been used to fight against pollution. He asked for the best book that there was on the subject. D 先行词既指人又指物
is red?Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spacemen that flew around the earth.
I like the writer and his works that is popular with teenagers nowadays.
E 先行词在从作表语时
My hometown is not the place that it used to be. 比较:He is not what he used to be. F 先行词有the only / the very 修饰时
He is the very person that I am looking for. You are not the only student that can do it well. G which / that 引导的特殊疑问的语从句
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? Who is the boy student that is reading over there? H 语从又套有语从句,其中一个已经用了which / who 时
He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
I 先行词有the same 修饰时
He is wearing the same coat that I bought for him yesterday. 比较:He is wearing the same coat as I lost yesterday. 4. 引导词只能用which 的情况 A 非限性语从
All the books are written by him, which have beautiful pictures in them. B 引导词指逗号前整句话的意思时
He said the work would be done by July, which I personally doubt. She is always speaking highly of her role, which makes other unhappy. The earth is round, which /as is known to all. C 介词后
Do you know the house in which the lady lived? Do you know the man from whom you can learn a lot? 5. 引导词只能用as 的情况
I have never seen such kind of people as they are. I received as nice a gift as my mother promised. She was wearing the same dress as I lost yesterday.
As is reported, talks between the two countries are making progress. Mary was late for school, as is often the case. 注意与which 的区别
She has married again, which is unexpected. as is expected.
6. 先行词是专有名词或独一无二的物质名词时,通常都用非限性语从句 The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big. 7. 先行词和从句之间有无逗号会引起句子意思的变化 He said nothing that made me unhappy.
He said nothing, which made me unhappy.
8. 容易混淆的句型
9. 语从句的主谓一致问题。 【模拟试题】(答题时间:60分钟)
1. The place _______interested me most was the Children’s Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3. This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day ______I’ll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6. The factory ______we’ll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who’s C. which D. whose 14. I’m interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15. I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16. He isn’t such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17. He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18. Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D. I went with
him
19. I don’t like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20. He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21. The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22. In our factory there are 2, 000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23. You’re the only person ______I’ve ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B. /; whom C. whom;/ D. /; who 24. I lost a book, ______I can’t remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26. I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it
27. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28. The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D. /
29. This is the reason ______he didn’t come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30. This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31. The reason ______he didn’t come was ______he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what
32. He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. A. that B. which C. for which D. who 33. That is not the way ______I do it.
A. / B. which C. for which D. with which 34. I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35. I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days
ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37. This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38. He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived on the farm with the farmers, __ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars ____ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that
followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ball pens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none
of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
【试题答案】
1. A. which用作关系代词,在语从作主语。
2.C. \"和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句为Do you know the man whom I spoke to. 。whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词,表示地点,在语从作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词,表示时间,在语从作时间状语。
5.A. which是关系代词,在从作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词该是films, 因此,关系代词that是复数概念,其谓语动词用复数的被动语态have been shown。如果的one前面使用了冠词the,则the one该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”说talk about sth. 。about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that。
10. A. with which是\"介词+关系代词\"结构, 常用来引导语从句. with有\"
用\"的意思, 介词之后只能用which, 不能用that. with which在语从作状语, 即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从作状语.
12. D. with whom引导语从句. with whom放在从即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导语从句, 在从作主语family的语.
14. A. that引导语从句, 因为先行词是all, 所以只能选用that引导. 15. D. the same… as是固用法, as引导语从句时, 可以作主语, 宾语或表语. 在本句话中, as作从句的主语.
16. D. such… as是固用法, as引导语从句时, 可以作主语, 宾语或表语. 在本题中, as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性语从句。这时as所指代的不是主某个名词,而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前。在本, as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句, with whom I went to the concert是语从句. with whom放在从为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导语从句。 as在从可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时, 要用such a…, 本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词. 当语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,
又表示物的名词时, 其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who引导非限制性语从句, who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2, 000 workers. 23. D. 先行词person后有两个语从句, 第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.
因为, whom作从met的宾语, 可以省略. 第二个从句who could do it. who在从作主语, 不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性语从句, whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导语从句, 使用介词for, 是来自于从的固短语 be famous for “以……. . 而闻名”.
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时, 引导语从句的关系代词要用as. as在本从作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词, 但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从作状语, 因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从作动词spent的宾语, 因此要用关系代词which或that来引导语从句. 28. D. 在way、distance、direction词后的语从,常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where,而that常可省略。 29. D. for which在语从作原因状语, 可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that…. 已成为一种固句型,这一的why和that不能随意换位,也不能将that改成because,尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性语从句常用which引导, which表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主的two表明不能选A. 从的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性语从句.
35. C. as引导语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导语从句。
as在从可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语. 36. B. 非限制性语从句常用which引导, which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是语从句. 先行词是all, 所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词, 用when引导语从句, 是因为when在从作时间状语. 第二个空选用which, 引导一个非限制性语从句.
43. C. 本句话的语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people, 因此, 语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“……的数目”,是单数概念。因此,主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是语从句,关系代词that在从作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰,关系代词要用that,而不用which。 46. B. through which引导语从句,through which即through the hole, 在语从作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句,并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解,改写本句话:This is the school that some German friends visited last week. 不难看出,作表语的the school是先行词。that引导语从句,因为that同时又作visited的宾语,所以被省略了。其他选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ball pens, 并且语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此,C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中,主句的主语是all, 为抽象概念。因此,其谓语用单数的has been。关系代词that引导语从句,并在从作主语。
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