1. 说明文部分： 海淀一模：
Apathy
Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. 71 _____They may alsoexhibit unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as a lack of love and devotion to God and His works.
72 _____ Also meaning “absence of passion” in Greek, the term “apatheia” was used by the Stoics(禁欲主义者)to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside one’s control.
The modem concept of apathy became well known after World War I，when it was called “shell shock. ” Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw thebattlefields filled with dead and wounded companions. 73 _____ In 1950，US novelist Passos wrote “Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with. ” US philosopher Robert M. Hutchins summarizes the concerns about political indifference. He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush (埋伏）74 _____
There may be other things contributing to a person’s apathy. Activist Dave Meslin argues that apathy is often the result of social systems actively blocking engagement and involvement. He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved insomething. 75 _____ These include ： political media that make it difficult for
potentiallyinterested people to find relevant information，and media descriptions of heroes as “ chosen ” by outside forces rather than self-motivated. He suggests that we redefine social apathy as a result of poorly designed systems that fail to invite others to participate.
A. It will be a slow process of fading away from apathy and indifference. B. Apathetic people may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life.
C. He focuses on designed choices that deliberately or indeliberately exclude people. D. The word “dispassion” is used for “apatheia”，so as not to confuse it with apathy. E. So they gradually developed a sense of disconnected numbness to normal social interaction. F. Although the word “apathy” originates from “apatheia”，it is important not to confuse
the two terms.
G. Author John McManamy argues apathy is a psychological problem for some depressed people，in which they get a sense that “nothing matters”.
西城一模：
Swapping Houses for Vacation
When budgeting for a vacation, usually the most expensive part of the trip is the accommodations．The traditional way to take a vacation is to pack some bags, lock up the house, and travel to a new place to stay in a hotel．However, hotels are very expensive, and with rent or housing loan（贷款）due every month, it's difficult for most people to pay for yet another place to stay． 71 Luckily, there is a substitute called house swapping, and it's saving tourists a great deal of cash．
72 For example, if a couple from New York want to spend a week in Paris, they would place an ad offering to trade their New York apartment for one in Paris for a week．If a Parisian couple that want to vacation in New York read the advertisement, houses can be swapped, and both couples save hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars by avoiding big-city hotel fees．If all goes well, both couples can post positive reviews of the other's home online so that potential travelers can see that everything was fine． 73 This builds a community of people who want tohelp each other out．
There are other advantages co house swapping as well．74 Staying at someone's
homeputs you in a neighborhood that can give you a better representation of the life and culture in theplace you're visiting．75 The next time you want to spend your vacation in a new place, butdon't want to pay a fortune, check what's posted online and find a house to swap．
A．House swapping is most common in New York and Paris． B．Hotels are often quite difficult to book when you want to explore a new home． C．A lot of times, this extra cost prevents travelers from going very far from home． D．To swap houses, people check the Internet for others planning to travel and trade homes． E．With many house swapping sites growing, this new phenomenon is becoming easier than ever． F．Hotels are often located where few people live, making them a strange place to experience a city． G．On theother hand, if there were trouble, people could write about that to wan others not to trust the swappers． 东城一模：
I know just how you feel
Do you feel sad? Happy?Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions isunique．Well, think again．Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified,according to Mind Reading, a DVD exhibiting every possible human emotion． 71
In the mid 1800s, Darwin divided the emotions into six types—anger, fear, sadness,disgust, surprise and enjoyment．More complex expressions of emotion were probablylearned and therefore more specific to each culture．But now it is believed that many morefacial expressions are shared worldwide． 72 The Mind Reading DVD is a systematicvisual record of these expressions．
The project was designed by a Cambridge professor．His research team first had todefine an \"emotion\"． 73 Using this definition, 412 emotion terms were identified anddiscussed, from \"afraid\" to \"wanting\"．
Then each expression is acted out by six different actors．\"It was really clear when the actorshad got it right,\" says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD．\"Although they were given somedirection, the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move．74 \"
Someone who has tried to set such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, whobuilt database of how the face moves for every emotion．The face can make 43 distinct musclemovements．Ekman has also found that it may not be possible for people to reproduce themartificially．The most difficult expression to reproduce is the smile．It isn't only aboutstretching the lips, but tightening the tiny muscles around
the eyes． 75 If we learnt torecognize whether someone was using their eye muscle when they smiled, we would be ableto distinguish true enjoyment from false． A．It shows 412 distinct ways we feel．
B．These can be combined into more than 10,000 facial shapes．
C．These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it． D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be introduced by \"I feel\" or \"he looks \"
or \"she sounds\"．
E．He said the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from
any culture．
F．It is as if they are programmed into the brains of \"normal humans\" wherever they are and
whatever their races．
G．We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible
to make clear rules for this． 朝阳一模：
Stay on the brighter side of life
One very important component of optimism is gratitude or feeling grateful. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you’re grateful for. ___71___
Feeling down? Instead of feeling sorry for yourself waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you’re happy—even if you aren’t. A sincere smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. ___72___ Reassure yourself that everything is good—even if you don’t feel it.
“___73___ If you’re stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too,” says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events
out of proportion, you’re setting yourself up for feeling down all day. Instead, acknowledge that you’re stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the way, you’ll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day.
Swearing to lose 20 pounds or to run a marathon seems like goals leading to happiness, but they take time to achieve. ___74___Youmay even end up admitting that you have been defeated. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the strength to keep going.
___75___ Try making someone else’s day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life. A. Try to help someone in need. B. Want to give your attitude a lift? C. People tend to think in an either-or way. in an optimistic way—smile, laugh, tell a joke.
E. You’ll fail to appreciate more important things in your life.
F. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself.
G. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around. 石景山一模：
Lack of sleep \"switches off’genes
One week of bad sleep can \"switch off” hundreds ofgenes and raise the risk ofa host ofillnesses which is linked to higher bodyweights or heart disease, scientists claim． 7 1 Getting fewer thansix hours' sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study．
Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replaceor repair damaged tissue, but after a week of lacking in sleep some
of genes stopped working． 72Scientists from Surrey University divided 26 volunteers into two groups, one of which slept for lessthan six hours per night for a whole week, and one which slept for ten hours per night．At the end ofthe week each group was kept awake for 40 hours and donated blood samples, which were studied toexamine the effects of their sleep states． 73
Although a week's normal sleep was enough to restore the affected genes to their normal pattern,researchers said that long periods of sleeplessness could lead to serious health problems includingheart disease．
74 Prof Colin Smith, one of the authors of the new paper, which was published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal, said: \"This is only a week of short timesleeping and it is only five and a half or six hours night, Many people have that amount of sleep forweeks, months and maybe, even years so we have no idea how much worse it might be.\"
If these processes continue to be disordered, you could see how you are going to get damage oforgans, tissues, heart disease, etc． 75
A．Genes in our bodies play a key role in the constant process ofself-repair． B．The group oflack of sleeping was found to have changed the function of 711 genes．
C．The other participants were monitored as they slept with their rest disturbed on some ofthe nights.
D．The results suggest that shorter sleep provides a more permissive environment only for heartdisease．
E．If you are not able to repair cells and tissues that are damaged then you are going to suffer permanent ill health.
F．Studies have also shown the lack of sleep can lead to some other problems, for example limiting our ability to drive a car safely．
G．The findings suggest that long-lasting lack of sleep could prevent the body from fully repairing itself and raise the risk ofa host of diseases． 丰台一模：
“Tear them apart!” “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee（裁判）！” These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time
they are made, they may seem innocent enough. 71 They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to violence. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations（含义）may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. 72
The dictionary meaning of “opponent ” is “enemy” or “one who opposes your interests.” Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may control one’s brains. 73 I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player started to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted. “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player hitting his opponent with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. 74 It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which differs from normal behavior.
Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated (提升) the game to a higher level. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”; “friend”; “companion.” 75 You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.” A. Reflect a moment!
B. Does that make any sense? C. But let’s not kid ourselves.
D. Such rude comments express one’s strong desire to win. E. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms. F. Players sometimes turn to violence hoping to injured opponents. G. And every action, no matter how rude, may be considered acceptable.
西城二模：
The word \"diary\" comes from the Latin word \"diarium\" , which means \"daily allowance\"．71 And it is used for business notes, planning activities, keeping track of scheduled appointments, or documenting what has already happened．Some doctors suggest that writing in a diary is a good form of self-study．
In America, from the 1940s through the 1980s, a diary was thought of mostly as a way to privately express one's deepest thoughts while keeping notations about the day． 72 Many times, movies would show a teenage girl beginning to write in her
diary while she said aloud, \"Dear diary…\"
73 A diary kept by a young German Jewish girl by the name of Anne Frank provides us with invaluable lessons about history, for she documented her experiences while she hid from the Nazis during their occupation of the Netherlands in World War II．Her diary became one of the world's most widely read books and is the basis for many films．
Samuel Pepys, who lived during the 17th century, is the earliest diary keeper that is famous today．His diary is also an important documentation of history, for it gives personal insight （洞察力） into London's Great Plague and the Great Fire．His diary is being published on the Internet, and it's interesting to note that there has been a new entry every day since January of 2003．It will continue over the course of several years to come．74
Today's electronic version of the diary, the web log or \"blog\" has once again stretched the diary to be much more than a personal account of the day's events．There are blogs to document recipes, traveling, movies, independent news, product announcements, photos, and anything else that needs to be recorded over time．Search engines like Technorati．corn have been created to keep track of the more than 112 million blogs that are currently public．75
A．It refers to a book for writings by date．
B．In its newest form, the diary has become more popular than ever．
C．Reading his diary is fascinating, and it makes his life all the more real
to us．
D．People love to write diaries, so whenever they are free, they will write a
few lines．
E．Those private reflections may have historical significance long after the
author's death．
F. Nowadays, the blog has taken the place of the diary and becomes more and
more popular．
G．In those times, and even continuing on today, writing in a diary was like
writing to a special friend． 东城二模：
I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes greatly.
____71____ Though you need to employ both while you are writing to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much you might like to think so or even try to do so.
Trying to criticize(批评) writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us often come across. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar mistakes while you are trying to seize upon a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you catch the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world just in raw form, no one is likely to understand it. ____72____
The practice that can help you to get rid of your bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no correcting, no deleting. ____73____ As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows wildly and you just let themselves be noted down on your paper or your screen.
____74____ Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near. Instead of staring at a blank, start filling it with words no matter how bad they are. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. ___75___.
A. Try to find faults in the raw writing. B. The goal is to get the words flowing.
C. Write down the words coming to your mind with caution.
D. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. E. Move back and forth and the final result will most likely be far better. F. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with the critical mind. G. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking. 朝阳二模：
Teletubbies
Teletubbiesis a very popular show featuring interesting and funcharacters that keep children absorbed. __71__ Moreover, they are unique in their great contribution to preschoolers’ formal school program fits well into the style of broadcasting that airs on PBS(PublicBroadcasting Service), which is non-profit TV promoting high quality, educational programs without commercial interruption.
A company by the name of Ragdoll Productions in the United Kingdomdeveloped the Teletubbies figures and their stories. Teletubbies’producers, Anne Wood and Andrew Davenport, conducted extensive research toguarantee the effectiveness of their production as a teaching tool. __72__The conclusions they reached were put very well into words by Ms. Wood whenshe said, “Iwant children to smile. If they are smiling, they will be relaxed. If they are relaxed, they will be confident. If they are confident, they will dare to be curious. If they are curious, they will grow in understanding.” __73__ Young children over the worldare privileged to enjoy the benefits, for since 1992 the program has beensold to 92 broadcasters in 70 countries.
What exactly, though, makesTeletubbiesso visibly and emotionallyinviting to young children?The answer is that they are completelydesigned from their point of view, being plump(fat and rounded in a pleasant way) and innocent-faced, as wellas playful, warm, and funny. __74__ Imagine a land that is part technological andpart nursery rhyme. Their home is Tubbytronic Superdome, and they eatTubby Toast and
Custard. A windmill blows in wonderful surprises amongrolling hills, talking flowers, and a smiling sun.
__75__ Teletubbieslove each other very much; Teletubbies love to dance and sing; Teletubbies love their favorite thingsand interacting with their surroundings. These messages, conveyed invery basic, repetitive language, invite interaction with children, helpingages one through four expand the skills they need to watch and listen at the same time, which is key to the development of a child’s thinking abilities.
A. They live in a fascinating world that is brilliant and magical.
B. They interviewed young children, linguists, and nursery school teachers. of Teletubbies toys, books and DVDs are available to keep children entertained. the program aims at children aged one to four, it appeals to older generations. E. More importantly, the characters communicate very special, elementary ideas to
the children.
F. Like other cartoon creatures, Teletubbiesare colorfulboth in physical appearance and personality.
G. Much creative energy and innovation were channeled into each one of the 365 shows that’s been broadcast. 丰台二模：
Using a Mobile Phone to Improve Mother and Child Health
People around the world are working to expand the uses for mobile technology in health care.
In the world, there are six billion mobile phone users in a population of seven billion people.
71 Africa has widespread adoption. Three or four years ago the penetration rates were 20 percent or 30 percent, and now they’re getting upwards of 60 percent in some countries.
72 Earlier research has been to look at mobile technologies and HIV and AIDS. And so we have some great evidence on the effectiveness of mobiles.
During the first week of December, 2012, more than 4,000 people from 50 countries met for the fourth annual mHealth Summit. It brought together experts from what the
organizers call the mHealth ecosystem.
In 2011 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton started a public/private partnership called the Mobile Alliance for Maternal Action, or MAMA. There are about 800 women a day and about three million babies a year die from pregnancy and childbirth-related causes. 73 The messages cover pregnancy and the first year of a baby’s life. These health messages may also be sent to a pregnant woman’s husband and mother-in-law. 74
Messages can be text or voicemail. You can have a pregnant woman in Bangladesh registered into a system that provides messages that help her know what to do and when to do certain things.
Simple text messages can be important sources of information to people without
Internet access. 75 They have to be able to read through thousands of entries that come back to them on Google, for example, and then figure out what that information means to them. And that’s not something that someone in a poor and uneducated kind of situation can do.
A. They have no access to the relevant information. B. That way they too can understand what needs to be done. C. Millions of messages about baby care are received every day. D. A lot of work has been done to use mobile technology for health. E. And the most rapidly growing markets are those in developing countries. F. The program sends messages to women to educate them about their health. 2. 议论文部分： 海淀二模：
Does a Dog Help a Teen with Low Self-esteem?
A dog is known as man’s best friend for good reason. Loyal and affectionate ,a dog companion can enrich its owner’s life in many ways, 71_____ Many teenagers suffer from periods of low self-esteem (自尊）as they try to navigate the wavy waters of adolescence and deal with all of its associated highs and lows.
A teenager who lacks self-esteem may feel isolated from his peers and unable to tell his
parents about personal issues. The company of a dog can be a huge comfort and ease feelings of loneliness and awkwardness. A dog offers genuine unconditional love. 72_____
All dogs need exercise，so taking his clog for a walk is the perfect opportunity for a teenager to get outdoors and benefit from fresh air and physical activity. Exercise allows people to take control of their bodies，which is often the first step toward regaining control of other aspects of their life，says mental health specialist Dr. Alan Cohen. 73 Exercise releases chemicals called endorphins (内排肽）into the brainwhich create positive responses in the body，including improved selfesteem.
Dogs can help teenagers be more sociable and make new friends, suggests HELPGUIDE. 74_____A dog is a great ice-breaker，avoiding awkward social situations and putting the teenager at ease with people he meets. The more confident the teen becomes when out and about with his clog，the more his self-esteem will improve.
75_____If a teenager is suffering from depression or developing dangerous habits such as alcohol and drug abuse，more extreme action may be required. In these cases，professional help should be sought and all treatment plans considered. Parents who suspect that their teen’s low selfesteem is a sign of a far more serious problem should ask a suitably qualified health professional for advice.
A. In some cases, having a dog will not help with a teenager’s low self-esteem. B. It simply accepts its owner for who he is and doesn’t judge, question or criticize. C. Pets offer an unconditional love that can be very helpful to people with depression. D. You don’t have to worry about hurting your pet’s feelings or getting advice you don’t want.
E. In particular, someone with low self-esteem may find a pet dog to be extremely beneficial. F. A teen may meet his peers while walking his dog in the park or taking part in a dog training class.
G. Many forms of exercise besides walking can be enjoyed with a dog, such as cycling, jogging and throwing a ball.
答案
海淀一模：71. B 西城一模：71. C 东城一模：71. A
72. F 75. C 72. D 72. F
75. C
朝阳一模：71. G 石景山一模：71. A 丰台一模：71. C 西城二模：71. A 东城二模：71. D 朝阳二模：71. F 丰台二模：71. E 海淀二模：71. E
72. D 72. G 72. E 72. G 72. G 72. B 72. D 72. B
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容