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2018年12月六级真题第3套试题

2022-03-20 来源:易榕旅网
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题试卷(第3套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispartꎬyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhowtobalanceacademicstudyandextracurricularactivities.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.   PartⅡListeningComprehension说明:由于2018年12月六级考试全国共考了两套听力ꎬ本套真题听力与前两套内容相同ꎬ只是选项顺序不同ꎬ因此在本套真题中不再重复出现ꎮPartⅢ道有SectionADirections:Inthissectionꎬthereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.JustoffthecoastofSouthernCaliforniasitsSantaCruzIslandꎬwhereamagicalcreaturecalledtheislandfox 26 .Adecadeagoꎬthisisland􀆳secosystemwasin 27 .Wildpigsattractedgoldeneaglesfromthemainlandꎬandthoseflying 28 crashedthefoxpopulation.SotheNatureConservancylauncheda 29 waragainstthepigsꎬcompletewithhelicoptersandsharpshooters.Anditworked.TodayꎬfederalagenciesarepullingtheislandfoxfromtheEndangeredSpeciesList.It􀆳sthefastest ̄everrecoveryofamammalꎬjoiningpeersliketheLouisianablackbearasglowingsuccessesinthehistoryoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct.ButtherecoveryofSantaCruzIslandisn􀆳tjustaboutthefox.TheNatureConservancyhas 30 waronamultitudeofinvasivespecieshereꎬfromsheeptoplantstothe 31 Argentineant.“Ourphilosophywiththeislandhasalwaysbeenꎬ‘OKꎬ 32 thethreatsandlettheislandgobacktowhatitwasꎬ’”saysecologistChristinaBoser.Anditappearstobeworking.Nativeplantsarecomingbackꎬandthefoxonceagainboundsaboutcarefree.ButkeepingthosefoxesfromharmwilloccupyBoserandhercolleaguesforyearstocome.YouseeꎬhumansarestillallowedonSantaCruzIslandꎬandtheybringdogs.SoBoserhastovaccinateherfoxesagainstvariousdiseases.“We􀆳reobligatedtokeepapulseonthepopulationforatleastfiveyearsafterthefoxesaredelistedꎬ”saysBoser.Thatincludes2018.12 第 1页/共22页(第3套)ReadingComprehension神考(30minutes)(40minutes)taggingthefoxesand 33 theirnumberstoensurenothinggoeswrong.Thisisthestoryofthelittlefoxthathascomebackꎬandthepeoplewhohave 34 theirlivestoprotectingit.Thisisthestoryofwildlifeconservationintheageofmass 35 .A)aggressive               I)hindersB)chaosJ)mammalC)configurationK)monitoringD)declaredL)predatorsE)dedicatedM)removeF)dwellsN)temptG)extinctionO)underlyingH)fierce道有SectionBDirections:Inthissectionꎬyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifythepara ̄graphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorre ̄spondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoParentsInvadeChildren􀆳sPrivacyWhenTheyPostPhotosOnline[A]WhenKatlynBurbidge􀆳ssonwas6yearsoldꎬhewasperformingsomeridiculoussonganddancetypicalofafirst ̄grader.Butaftershesnappedaphotoandstartedusingherphoneꎬheaskedheraseriousquestion:“Areyougoingtopostthatonline?”Shelaughedandansweredꎬ“YesꎬIthinkIwill.”Whathesaidnextstoppedher.“Canyounot?”[B]That􀆳swhenitdawnedonher:shehadbeenpostingphotosofhimonlinewithoutaskinghispermission.“We􀆳rebigadvocatesofbodilyautonomyandnotforcinghimtohugorkisspeopleunlesshewansttoꎬbutitneveroccurredtomethatIshouldaskhispermissiontopostphotosofhimonlineꎬ”saysBurbidgeꎬamomoftwoinWakefieldꎬMassachusetts.“NowwhenIpostaphotoofhimonlineꎬIshowhimthephotoandgethisokay.”[C]Whenher8 ̄month ̄oldis3or4yearoldꎬsheplanstostartaskinghiminanage ̄ap ̄propriatewayꎬ“Doyouwantotherpeopletoseethis?”That􀆳spreciselytheapproachthattworesearchersadvocatedbeforearoomofpediatricians(儿科医生)lastweekattheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsmeetingꎬwhentheydiscussedthe21stcenturychallengeof“sharent ̄ingꎬ”anewtermforparents􀆳onlinesharingabouttheirchildren.“Asadvocatesofchildren􀆳srightsꎬwebelievethatchildrenshouldhaveavoiceaboutwhatinformationissharedaboutthemifpossibleꎬ”saysStaceySteinbergꎬalegalskillsprofessorattheUniversityofFloridaLevinCollegeofLawinGainesville.[D]Whetherit􀆳sensuringthatyourchildisn􀆳tbulliedoversomethingyoupostꎬthattheirindentityisn􀆳tdigitally“kidnapped”ꎬorthattheirphotosdon􀆳tenduponahalfdozenchildpornography(色情)sitesꎬasoneAustralianmomdiscoveredꎬparentsandpediatriciansareincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofprotectingchildren􀆳sdigitalpresence.SteinbergandBaharehKeithꎬanassistantprofessorofpediatricsattheUniversityofFloridaCollegeof2018.12 第 2页/共22页(第3套)神考道有Medicineꎬsaymostchildrenwilllikelyneverexperienceproblemsrelatedtowhattheir

parentsshareꎬbutatensionstillexistsbetweenparents􀆳rightstosharetheirexperiencesandtheirchildren􀆳srightstoprivacy.

[E]“We􀆳reinnowaytryingtosilenceparents􀆳voicesꎬ”Steinbergsays.“Atthesametimeꎬwerecognizethatchildrenmighthaveaninterestinenteringadulthoodfreetocreatetheirowndigitalfootprint.”Theycitedastudypresentedearlierthisyearof249pairsofparentsandtheirchildreninwhichtwiceasmanychildrenasparentswantedrulesonwhatparentscouldshare.“Theparentssaidꎬ‘Wedon􀆳tneedrules—we􀆳refineꎬ’andthechildrensaidꎬ‘Ourparentsneedrulesꎬ’”Keithsays.“Thechildrenwantedautonomyaboutthisissueandwereworriedabouttheirparentssharinginformatioinaboutthem.”

[F]AlthoughtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsoffersguidelinesrecommendingthatparentsmodelappropriatesocialmediausefortheirchildrenꎬitdoesnotexplicitlydiscussoversharingbyparents.“IthinkthisisaverylegitimateconcernꎬandIappreciatedtheirdraw ̄ingourattentiontoit.”DavidHillꎬafatheroffiveꎬsays.Heseesaroleforpediatricianstotalkwithparentsaboutthisꎬbutbelievesthemessagingmustextendfarbeyondpediatricians􀆳offices.“Ilookforwardtoseeingresearchersexpandourunderstandingoftheissuesowecantranslateitintoeffectiveeducationandpolicyꎬ”hesays.

[G]There􀆳sbeenlittleresearchonthetopicꎬSteinbergwroteinalawarticleaboutthisissue.WhilestatescouldpasslawsrelatedtosharinginformationaboutchildrenonlineꎬStein ̄bergfeelsparentsthemselvesaregenerallybestsuitedtomakethesedecisionsfortheirfami ̄lies.“Whilewedidn􀆳twanttocreateanyunnecessarypanicꎬwedidfindsomeconcernsthatweretroublesomeꎬandwethoughtthatparentsoratleastphysiciansshouldbeawareofthosepotentialrisksꎬ”Steinbergsays.Theyincludephotosrepurposedforinappropriateorillegalmeansꎬidentitytheftꎬembarrassmentsꎬbullyingbypeersordigitalkidnapping.

[H]Butthat􀆳sthenegativesideꎬwithrisksthatmustbebalancedagainstthebenefitsofsharing.Steinbergpointedoutthatparentalsharingonsocialmediahelpsbuildcommunitiesꎬconnectspread ̄outfamiliesꎬprovidesupportandraiseawarenessaroundimportantsocialissuesforwhichparentsmightbetheirchildren􀆳sonlyvoice.

[I]AC.S.Mottsurveyfoundamongthe56percentofmothersand34percentoffatherswhodiscussedparentingonsocialmediaꎬ72percentofthemsaidsharingmadethemfeellessaloneꎬandnearlyasmanysaidsharinghelpedthemworrylessandgavethemadvicefromotherparents.Themostcommontopicstheydiscussedincludedkids􀆳sleepꎬmutritionꎬdisci ̄plineꎬbehaviorproblemsanddaycareandpreschool.

[J]“There􀆳sthispeer ̄to ̄peernatureofhealthcarethesedayswithaprofoundopportu ̄nityforparentstolearnhelpfultipsꎬsafetyandpreventioneffortsꎬpro ̄vaccinemessagesandallkindsofothermessagesfromotherparentsintheirsocialcommunitiesꎬ”saysWendySueSwansonꎬapediatricianandexecutivedirectorofdigitalhealthatSeattleChildren􀆳sHospitalꎬwheresheblogsaboutherownparentingjourneytohelpotherparents.“They􀆳regettingnur ̄turedbypeoplethey􀆳vealreadyselectedthattheytrst.”shesays.

[K]“Howdoweweightherisksꎬhowdowethinkaboutthebenefitsꎬandhowdowealleviatetherisks?”shesays.“Thosearethequestionsweneedtoaskourselvesꎬandeveryone

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神考道有canhaveadifferentanswer.”

[L]Someparentsfindthebestrouteforthemisnottoshareatall.BridgetO􀆳HanlonandherhusbandꎬwholiveinClevelandꎬdecidedbeforetheirdaughterwasbornthattheywouldnotpostherphotosonline.WhenafewfamilymembersdidpostpicturesꎬO􀆳Hanlonandherhusbandmadetheirwishesclear.“It􀆳sbeenhardnottosharepicturesofherbecausepeoplealwayswanttoknowhowbabiesandtoddlers(学走路的孩子)aredoingandtoseepicturesꎬbutwemadethedecisiontohavesocialmediawhileshedidnotꎬ”O􀆳Hanlonsaid.SimilarlyꎬAlisonJamisonofNewYorkdecidedwithherhusbandthattheirchildhadarighttotheirownonlineidentity.Theydiduseaninvitation ̄onlyphotosharingplatformsothatfriendsandfamilyꎬincludingthosefarawayꎬcouldseethephototsꎬbuttheystoodfirmꎬsimplyrefusingtoputtheirchild􀆳sphotosonothersocialmediaplatforms.

[M]“Formostfamiliesꎬit􀆳sajourney.Sometimesitgoeswrongꎬbutmostofthetimeitdoesn􀆳tꎬ”saysSwansonꎬwhorecommendsstartingtoaskchildrenpermissiontopostnarrativesorphotosaroundages6to8.“We􀆳lllearnmoreandmorewhatourtoleranceis.Wecanaskourkidstohelpuslearnasasocietywhat􀆳sokayandwhat􀆳snot.”

[N]Indeedꎬthatlearningprocessgoesbothways.BriaDunhamꎬamotherinSomervilleꎬMassachusettsꎬwassoexcitedtowatchamomentofbrotherlybondingwhileherfirst ̄graderandbabytookabathtogetherthatshesnappedafewphotos.Butwhensheconsideredpostingthemonlineꎬshetooktheperspectiveofherson:howwouldhefeelifhisclassmates􀆳parentssawphotosofhimchest ̄upinthebathtub?“ItmademethinkabouthowI􀆳mteachinghimtohaveownershipofhisownbodyandhowwhatissharedtodayenduresintothefutureꎬ”Dunhamsays.“SoIkeptthepicturestomyselfandacceptedthisasonemorestepinsupport ̄inghisincreasingautonomy.”

36.Steinbergarguedparentalsharingonlinecanbebeneficial.

37.Accordingtoanexpertꎬwhenchildrenreachschoolageꎬtheycanhelptheirparentslearnwhatcanandcannotbedone.

38.Onemotherrefrainedfrompostingherson􀆳sphotosonlinewhensheconsideredthematterfromherson􀆳sperspective.

39.Accordingtoastudyꎬmorechildrenthanparentsthinkthereshouldberulesonparents􀆳sharing.

40.KatlynBurbidgehadneverrealizedshehadtoaskherson􀆳sapprovaltoputhisphotoson ̄line.

41.Amotherdecidednottopostherson􀆳sphotoonlinewhenheaskedhernotto.

42.Awomanpediatriciantriestohelpotherparentsbysharingherownparentingexperience.43.Therearepeoplewhodecidesimplynottosharetheirchildren􀆳sphotosonline.

44.Parentsandphysiciansshouldrealizesharinginformationonlineaboutchildrenmayinvolverisks.

45.Parentswhosharetheirparentingexperiencesmayfindthemselvesintrudingintotheirchildren􀆳sprivacy.SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

2018.12 第 4页/共22页(第3套)

神考orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)ꎬB)ꎬC)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

Perhapsitistimeforfarmerstoputtheirfeetupnowthatrobotsareusedtoinspectcropsꎬdigupweedsꎬandevenhavebecomeshepherdsꎬtoo.Commercialgrowingfieldsareas ̄tronomicallyhugeandtakethousandsofman ̄hourstooperate.OneprimeexampleisoneofAustralia􀆳smostisolatedcattlestationsꎬSuplejackDownsintheNorthernTerritoryꎬextendingacross4ꎬ000squarekilometersꎬtakingover13hourstoreachbycarfromthenearestmajortown—AliceSprings.

Theextremeisolationofthesemassivefarmsleavesthemoftenunattendedꎬandmonitoredonlyonceortwiceayearꎬwhichmeansifthelivestockfallsillorrequiresassis ̄tanceꎬitcanbealongtimeforfarmerstodiscover.

Howeverꎬrobotsarecomingtotherescue.

Robotsarecurrentlyunderatwo ̄yeartrialinWaleswhichwilltrain‘farmbots’toherdꎬmonitorthehealthoflivestockꎬandmakesurethereisenoughpastureforthemtograzeon.Therobotsareequippedwithmanysensorstoidentifyconditionsoftheenvironmentꎬcattleandfoodꎬusingthermalandvisionsensorsthatdetectchangesinbodytemperature.

“You􀆳vealsogotcolorꎬtextureandshapesensorslookingdownatthegroundtocheckpasturequalityꎬ”saysSalahSukkariehoftheUniversityofSydneyꎬwhowillcarryouttrialsonseveralfarmsincentralNewSouthWales.

Duringthetrialsꎬtherobotalgorithms(算法)andmechanicswillbefine ̄tunedtomakeitbettersuitedtoailinglivestockandensureitsafelynavigatesaroundpotentialhazardsinclu ̄dingtreesꎬmudꎬswampsꎬandhills.

“Wewanttoimprovethequalityofanimalhealthandmakeiteasierforfarmerstomaintainlargelandscapeswhereanimalsroamfreeꎬ”saysSukkarieh.

Therobotsarenotlimitedtoherdingandmonitoringlivestock.Theyhavebeencreatedtocountindividualfruitꎬinspectcropsꎬandevenpullweeds.

Manyrobotsareequippedwithhigh ̄techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithmstoa ̄voidinjuringhumansastheyworksidebyside.Therobotsalsolearnthemostefficientandsafestpassagesꎬandallowengineersandfarmerstoanalyzeandbetteroptimizetheattributesandtasksoftherobotꎬaswellasprovidealivestreamgivingreal ̄timefeedbackonexactlywhatishappeningonthefarms.

Ofcourseꎬsomeworryliesinreplacingagriculturalworkers.Howeverꎬitisfarmersthatarepushingfortheadvancementsduetoever ̄increasinglaborvacanciesꎬmakingitdifficulttomaintainlarge ̄scaleoperations.

Therobotshaveprovidedmajorbenefitstofarmersinvariouswaysꎬfromhuntingandpullingweedstomonitoringtheconditionofeverysinglefruit.Futurefarmswilllikelyexperi ̄enceagreaterdealofautonomyasrobotstakeupmoreandmorefarmworkefficiently.46.Whatmayfarmersbeabletodowithrobotsappearingonthefarmingscene?

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Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

道有神考道有A)  Upgrade    farm  produce.          C ) Modify   the  genes  ofcrops.

B)Enjoymoreleisurehours.D)Cutdownfarmingcosts.47.Whatwill“farmbots”beexpectedtodo?A)Takeupmanyofthefarmers􀆳routines.B)Providemedicaltreatmentsforlivestock.C)Leadthetrendinfarmingtheworldover.D)Improvethequalityofpasturesforgrazing.

48.Whatcanrobotsdowhenequippedwithhigh ̄techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgo ̄rithms?

A)Helpfarmerschoosethemostefficientandsafestpassages.B)Helpfarmerssimplifytheirfarmingtasksandmanagement.C)Allowfarmerstolearninstantlywhatisoccurringonthefarm.D)Allowfarmerstogivethemreal ̄timeinstructionsonwhattodo.49.Whyarefarmerspressingforroboticfarming?A)Farmingcostsarefastincreasing.B)Roboticstechnologyismaturing.C)Roboticfarmingisthetrend.D)Laborshortageisworsening.

50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkfuturefarmswillbelike?A)Moreandmoreautomated.B)Moreandmoreproductive.C)Largerandlargerinscale.D)Betterandbetterincondition.PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thepublicmustbeabletounderstandthebasicsofsciencetomakeinformeddecisions.Perhapsthemostdramaticexampleofthenegativeconsequencesofpoorcommunicationbe ̄tweenscientistsandthepublicistheissueofclimatechangeꎬwhereavarietyoffactorsꎬnottheleastofwhichisabreakdowninthetransmissionoffundamentalclimatedatatothegeneralpublicꎬhascontributedtowidespreadmistrustandmisunderstandingofscientistsandtheirresearch.

Theissueofclimatechangealsoillustrateshowthepublicacceptanceandunderstandingofscience(orthelackofit)caninfluencegovernmentaldecision ̄makingwithregardtoregu ̄lationꎬsciencepolicyandresearchfunding.

Howeverꎬtheimportanceofeffectivecommunicationwithageneralaudienceisnotlimitedtohotissueslikeclimatechange.Itisalsocriticalforsociallychargedneuroscienceis ̄suessuchasthegeneticbasisforaparticularbehaviorꎬthetherapeuticpotentialofstemcelltherapyforneurodegenerativediseasesꎬortheuseofanimalmodelsꎬareaswherethepublicunderstandingofsciencecanalsoinfluencepolicyandfundingdecisions.Furthermoreꎬwithcontinuingadvancesinindividualgenome(基因组)sequencingandtheadventofpersonalizedmedicineꎬmorenon ̄scientistswillneedtobecomfortableanalyzingcomplexscientificinfor ̄

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神考道有mationtomakedecisionsthatdirectlyaffecttheirqualityoflife.

Sciencejournalismisthemainchannelforthepopularizationofscientificinformationa ̄mongthepublic.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouthowtherelationshipbetweenscientistsandthemediacanshapetheefficienttransmissionofscientificadvancestothepublic.Goodsciencejournalistsarespecialistsinmakingcomplextopicsaccessibletoageneralaudienceꎬwhilead ̄heringtoscientificaccuracy.

Unfortunatelyꎬpiecesofsciencejournalismcanalsooversimplifyandgeneralizetheirsubjectmaterialtothepointthatthebasicinformationconveyedisobscuredoratworstꎬobvi ̄ouslywrong.Theimpactofabasicdiscoveryonhumanhealthcanbeexaggeratedsothatthepublicthinksamiraculouscureisafewmonthstoyearsawaywheninrealitythesignificanceofthestudyisfarmorelimited.

Eventhoughscientistsplayapartintransmittinginformationtojournalistsandultimatelythepublicꎬtoooftentheblameforineffectivecommunicationisplacedonthesideofthejournalists.Webelievethatatleastpartoftheproblemliesinplacesotherthanthein ̄teractionbetweenscientistsandmembersofthemediaꎬandexistsbecauseforonethingweunderestimatehowdifficultitisforscientiststocommunicateeffectivelywithadiversityofaudiencesꎬandforanothermostscientistsdonotreceiveformaltraininginsciencecommuni ̄cation.

51.Whatdoestheexampleofclimatechangeservetoshow?A)Theimportanceofclimatedataisincreasinglyrecognized.B)Adequategovernmentfundingisvitaltoscientificresearch.C)Governmentregulationhelpsthepublicunderstandscience.D)Commonfolks􀆳scientificknowledgecanswaypolicymaking.52.Whatshouldnon ̄scientistsdotoensuretheirqualityoflife?A)Seekpersonalizedmedicalassistancefromdoctors.B)Acquireabasicunderstandingofmedicalscience.C)Havetheirindividualgenomesequenced.D)Makeinformeduseofanimalmodels.

53.Whyisitimportantforscientiststobuildagoodrelationshipwiththemedia?A)Ithelpsthemtoeffectivelypopularizenewscientificinformation.B)Itenablesthepublictodevelopapositiveattitudetowardscience.C)Ithelpsthemtoestablishamorepositivepublicimage.D)Itenablesthemtoapplytheirfindingstopublichealth.

54.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithsciencejournalism?A)Itiskeenontransmittingsensationalinformation.B)Ittendstooversimplifypeople􀆳shealthproblems.

C)Itmaygiveinaccurateordistortedinformationtothepublic.D)Itmayprovideinformationopentodifferentinterpretations.

55.Whatshouldscientistsdotoimparttheirlatestfindingstothepublicmoreeffectively?A)Givetrainingtosciencejournalists.B)Stimulatepublicinterestinscience.

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神考C)Seektimelyassistancefromthemedia.D)Improvetheircommunicationskills.

PartⅣ

Directions:Forthispartꎬyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

近年来ꎬ中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资ꎬ以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求ꎮ除了新建体育馆外ꎬ许多城市还采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施ꎬ来增加当地体育馆的数量ꎮ在政府资金的支持下ꎬ越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放ꎬ或者只收取少量费用ꎮ许多体育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量ꎮ人们可以方便地在线预订场地和付费ꎮ可以预见ꎬ随着运动设施的不断改善ꎬ越来越多的人将会去体育馆健身ꎮ

Translation(30minutes)

道有神考2018.12 第 8页/共22页(第3套)

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