parentsshareꎬbutatensionstillexistsbetweenparentsrightstosharetheirexperiencesandtheirchildrensrightstoprivacy.
[E]“Wereinnowaytryingtosilenceparentsvoicesꎬ”Steinbergsays.“Atthesametimeꎬwerecognizethatchildrenmighthaveaninterestinenteringadulthoodfreetocreatetheirowndigitalfootprint.”Theycitedastudypresentedearlierthisyearof249pairsofparentsandtheirchildreninwhichtwiceasmanychildrenasparentswantedrulesonwhatparentscouldshare.“Theparentssaidꎬ‘Wedontneedrules—werefineꎬ’andthechildrensaidꎬ‘Ourparentsneedrulesꎬ’”Keithsays.“Thechildrenwantedautonomyaboutthisissueandwereworriedabouttheirparentssharinginformatioinaboutthem.”
[F]AlthoughtheAmericanAcademyofPediatricsoffersguidelinesrecommendingthatparentsmodelappropriatesocialmediausefortheirchildrenꎬitdoesnotexplicitlydiscussoversharingbyparents.“IthinkthisisaverylegitimateconcernꎬandIappreciatedtheirdraw ̄ingourattentiontoit.”DavidHillꎬafatheroffiveꎬsays.Heseesaroleforpediatricianstotalkwithparentsaboutthisꎬbutbelievesthemessagingmustextendfarbeyondpediatriciansoffices.“Ilookforwardtoseeingresearchersexpandourunderstandingoftheissuesowecantranslateitintoeffectiveeducationandpolicyꎬ”hesays.
[G]TheresbeenlittleresearchonthetopicꎬSteinbergwroteinalawarticleaboutthisissue.WhilestatescouldpasslawsrelatedtosharinginformationaboutchildrenonlineꎬStein ̄bergfeelsparentsthemselvesaregenerallybestsuitedtomakethesedecisionsfortheirfami ̄lies.“Whilewedidntwanttocreateanyunnecessarypanicꎬwedidfindsomeconcernsthatweretroublesomeꎬandwethoughtthatparentsoratleastphysiciansshouldbeawareofthosepotentialrisksꎬ”Steinbergsays.Theyincludephotosrepurposedforinappropriateorillegalmeansꎬidentitytheftꎬembarrassmentsꎬbullyingbypeersordigitalkidnapping.
[H]Butthatsthenegativesideꎬwithrisksthatmustbebalancedagainstthebenefitsofsharing.Steinbergpointedoutthatparentalsharingonsocialmediahelpsbuildcommunitiesꎬconnectspread ̄outfamiliesꎬprovidesupportandraiseawarenessaroundimportantsocialissuesforwhichparentsmightbetheirchildrensonlyvoice.
[I]AC.S.Mottsurveyfoundamongthe56percentofmothersand34percentoffatherswhodiscussedparentingonsocialmediaꎬ72percentofthemsaidsharingmadethemfeellessaloneꎬandnearlyasmanysaidsharinghelpedthemworrylessandgavethemadvicefromotherparents.Themostcommontopicstheydiscussedincludedkidssleepꎬmutritionꎬdisci ̄plineꎬbehaviorproblemsanddaycareandpreschool.
[J]“Theresthispeer ̄to ̄peernatureofhealthcarethesedayswithaprofoundopportu ̄nityforparentstolearnhelpfultipsꎬsafetyandpreventioneffortsꎬpro ̄vaccinemessagesandallkindsofothermessagesfromotherparentsintheirsocialcommunitiesꎬ”saysWendySueSwansonꎬapediatricianandexecutivedirectorofdigitalhealthatSeattleChildrensHospitalꎬwheresheblogsaboutherownparentingjourneytohelpotherparents.“Theyregettingnur ̄turedbypeopletheyvealreadyselectedthattheytrst.”shesays.
[K]“Howdoweweightherisksꎬhowdowethinkaboutthebenefitsꎬandhowdowealleviatetherisks?”shesays.“Thosearethequestionsweneedtoaskourselvesꎬandeveryone
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神考道有canhaveadifferentanswer.”
[L]Someparentsfindthebestrouteforthemisnottoshareatall.BridgetOHanlonandherhusbandꎬwholiveinClevelandꎬdecidedbeforetheirdaughterwasbornthattheywouldnotpostherphotosonline.WhenafewfamilymembersdidpostpicturesꎬOHanlonandherhusbandmadetheirwishesclear.“Itsbeenhardnottosharepicturesofherbecausepeoplealwayswanttoknowhowbabiesandtoddlers(学走路的孩子)aredoingandtoseepicturesꎬbutwemadethedecisiontohavesocialmediawhileshedidnotꎬ”OHanlonsaid.SimilarlyꎬAlisonJamisonofNewYorkdecidedwithherhusbandthattheirchildhadarighttotheirownonlineidentity.Theydiduseaninvitation ̄onlyphotosharingplatformsothatfriendsandfamilyꎬincludingthosefarawayꎬcouldseethephototsꎬbuttheystoodfirmꎬsimplyrefusingtoputtheirchildsphotosonothersocialmediaplatforms.
[M]“Formostfamiliesꎬitsajourney.Sometimesitgoeswrongꎬbutmostofthetimeitdoesntꎬ”saysSwansonꎬwhorecommendsstartingtoaskchildrenpermissiontopostnarrativesorphotosaroundages6to8.“Welllearnmoreandmorewhatourtoleranceis.Wecanaskourkidstohelpuslearnasasocietywhatsokayandwhatsnot.”
[N]Indeedꎬthatlearningprocessgoesbothways.BriaDunhamꎬamotherinSomervilleꎬMassachusettsꎬwassoexcitedtowatchamomentofbrotherlybondingwhileherfirst ̄graderandbabytookabathtogetherthatshesnappedafewphotos.Butwhensheconsideredpostingthemonlineꎬshetooktheperspectiveofherson:howwouldhefeelifhisclassmatesparentssawphotosofhimchest ̄upinthebathtub?“ItmademethinkabouthowImteachinghimtohaveownershipofhisownbodyandhowwhatissharedtodayenduresintothefutureꎬ”Dunhamsays.“SoIkeptthepicturestomyselfandacceptedthisasonemorestepinsupport ̄inghisincreasingautonomy.”
36.Steinbergarguedparentalsharingonlinecanbebeneficial.
37.Accordingtoanexpertꎬwhenchildrenreachschoolageꎬtheycanhelptheirparentslearnwhatcanandcannotbedone.
38.Onemotherrefrainedfrompostinghersonsphotosonlinewhensheconsideredthematterfromhersonsperspective.
39.Accordingtoastudyꎬmorechildrenthanparentsthinkthereshouldberulesonparentssharing.
40.KatlynBurbidgehadneverrealizedshehadtoaskhersonsapprovaltoputhisphotoson ̄line.
41.Amotherdecidednottoposthersonsphotoonlinewhenheaskedhernotto.
42.Awomanpediatriciantriestohelpotherparentsbysharingherownparentingexperience.43.Therearepeoplewhodecidesimplynottosharetheirchildrensphotosonline.
44.Parentsandphysiciansshouldrealizesharinginformationonlineaboutchildrenmayinvolverisks.
45.Parentswhosharetheirparentingexperiencesmayfindthemselvesintrudingintotheirchildrensprivacy.SectionC
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions
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神考orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)ꎬB)ꎬC)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne
Perhapsitistimeforfarmerstoputtheirfeetupnowthatrobotsareusedtoinspectcropsꎬdigupweedsꎬandevenhavebecomeshepherdsꎬtoo.Commercialgrowingfieldsareas ̄tronomicallyhugeandtakethousandsofman ̄hourstooperate.OneprimeexampleisoneofAustraliasmostisolatedcattlestationsꎬSuplejackDownsintheNorthernTerritoryꎬextendingacross4ꎬ000squarekilometersꎬtakingover13hourstoreachbycarfromthenearestmajortown—AliceSprings.
Theextremeisolationofthesemassivefarmsleavesthemoftenunattendedꎬandmonitoredonlyonceortwiceayearꎬwhichmeansifthelivestockfallsillorrequiresassis ̄tanceꎬitcanbealongtimeforfarmerstodiscover.
Howeverꎬrobotsarecomingtotherescue.
Robotsarecurrentlyunderatwo ̄yeartrialinWaleswhichwilltrain‘farmbots’toherdꎬmonitorthehealthoflivestockꎬandmakesurethereisenoughpastureforthemtograzeon.Therobotsareequippedwithmanysensorstoidentifyconditionsoftheenvironmentꎬcattleandfoodꎬusingthermalandvisionsensorsthatdetectchangesinbodytemperature.
“Youvealsogotcolorꎬtextureandshapesensorslookingdownatthegroundtocheckpasturequalityꎬ”saysSalahSukkariehoftheUniversityofSydneyꎬwhowillcarryouttrialsonseveralfarmsincentralNewSouthWales.
Duringthetrialsꎬtherobotalgorithms(算法)andmechanicswillbefine ̄tunedtomakeitbettersuitedtoailinglivestockandensureitsafelynavigatesaroundpotentialhazardsinclu ̄dingtreesꎬmudꎬswampsꎬandhills.
“Wewanttoimprovethequalityofanimalhealthandmakeiteasierforfarmerstomaintainlargelandscapeswhereanimalsroamfreeꎬ”saysSukkarieh.
Therobotsarenotlimitedtoherdingandmonitoringlivestock.Theyhavebeencreatedtocountindividualfruitꎬinspectcropsꎬandevenpullweeds.
Manyrobotsareequippedwithhigh ̄techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgorithmstoa ̄voidinjuringhumansastheyworksidebyside.Therobotsalsolearnthemostefficientandsafestpassagesꎬandallowengineersandfarmerstoanalyzeandbetteroptimizetheattributesandtasksoftherobotꎬaswellasprovidealivestreamgivingreal ̄timefeedbackonexactlywhatishappeningonthefarms.
Ofcourseꎬsomeworryliesinreplacingagriculturalworkers.Howeverꎬitisfarmersthatarepushingfortheadvancementsduetoever ̄increasinglaborvacanciesꎬmakingitdifficulttomaintainlarge ̄scaleoperations.
Therobotshaveprovidedmajorbenefitstofarmersinvariouswaysꎬfromhuntingandpullingweedstomonitoringtheconditionofeverysinglefruit.Futurefarmswilllikelyexperi ̄enceagreaterdealofautonomyasrobotstakeupmoreandmorefarmworkefficiently.46.Whatmayfarmersbeabletodowithrobotsappearingonthefarmingscene?
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Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
道有神考道有A) Upgrade farm produce. C ) Modify the genes ofcrops.
B)Enjoymoreleisurehours.D)Cutdownfarmingcosts.47.Whatwill“farmbots”beexpectedtodo?A)Takeupmanyofthefarmersroutines.B)Providemedicaltreatmentsforlivestock.C)Leadthetrendinfarmingtheworldover.D)Improvethequalityofpasturesforgrazing.
48.Whatcanrobotsdowhenequippedwithhigh ̄techsensorsandcomplexlearningalgo ̄rithms?
A)Helpfarmerschoosethemostefficientandsafestpassages.B)Helpfarmerssimplifytheirfarmingtasksandmanagement.C)Allowfarmerstolearninstantlywhatisoccurringonthefarm.D)Allowfarmerstogivethemreal ̄timeinstructionsonwhattodo.49.Whyarefarmerspressingforroboticfarming?A)Farmingcostsarefastincreasing.B)Roboticstechnologyismaturing.C)Roboticfarmingisthetrend.D)Laborshortageisworsening.
50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkfuturefarmswillbelike?A)Moreandmoreautomated.B)Moreandmoreproductive.C)Largerandlargerinscale.D)Betterandbetterincondition.PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thepublicmustbeabletounderstandthebasicsofsciencetomakeinformeddecisions.Perhapsthemostdramaticexampleofthenegativeconsequencesofpoorcommunicationbe ̄tweenscientistsandthepublicistheissueofclimatechangeꎬwhereavarietyoffactorsꎬnottheleastofwhichisabreakdowninthetransmissionoffundamentalclimatedatatothegeneralpublicꎬhascontributedtowidespreadmistrustandmisunderstandingofscientistsandtheirresearch.
Theissueofclimatechangealsoillustrateshowthepublicacceptanceandunderstandingofscience(orthelackofit)caninfluencegovernmentaldecision ̄makingwithregardtoregu ̄lationꎬsciencepolicyandresearchfunding.
Howeverꎬtheimportanceofeffectivecommunicationwithageneralaudienceisnotlimitedtohotissueslikeclimatechange.Itisalsocriticalforsociallychargedneuroscienceis ̄suessuchasthegeneticbasisforaparticularbehaviorꎬthetherapeuticpotentialofstemcelltherapyforneurodegenerativediseasesꎬortheuseofanimalmodelsꎬareaswherethepublicunderstandingofsciencecanalsoinfluencepolicyandfundingdecisions.Furthermoreꎬwithcontinuingadvancesinindividualgenome(基因组)sequencingandtheadventofpersonalizedmedicineꎬmorenon ̄scientistswillneedtobecomfortableanalyzingcomplexscientificinfor ̄
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神考道有mationtomakedecisionsthatdirectlyaffecttheirqualityoflife.
Sciencejournalismisthemainchannelforthepopularizationofscientificinformationa ̄mongthepublic.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouthowtherelationshipbetweenscientistsandthemediacanshapetheefficienttransmissionofscientificadvancestothepublic.Goodsciencejournalistsarespecialistsinmakingcomplextopicsaccessibletoageneralaudienceꎬwhilead ̄heringtoscientificaccuracy.
Unfortunatelyꎬpiecesofsciencejournalismcanalsooversimplifyandgeneralizetheirsubjectmaterialtothepointthatthebasicinformationconveyedisobscuredoratworstꎬobvi ̄ouslywrong.Theimpactofabasicdiscoveryonhumanhealthcanbeexaggeratedsothatthepublicthinksamiraculouscureisafewmonthstoyearsawaywheninrealitythesignificanceofthestudyisfarmorelimited.
Eventhoughscientistsplayapartintransmittinginformationtojournalistsandultimatelythepublicꎬtoooftentheblameforineffectivecommunicationisplacedonthesideofthejournalists.Webelievethatatleastpartoftheproblemliesinplacesotherthanthein ̄teractionbetweenscientistsandmembersofthemediaꎬandexistsbecauseforonethingweunderestimatehowdifficultitisforscientiststocommunicateeffectivelywithadiversityofaudiencesꎬandforanothermostscientistsdonotreceiveformaltraininginsciencecommuni ̄cation.
51.Whatdoestheexampleofclimatechangeservetoshow?A)Theimportanceofclimatedataisincreasinglyrecognized.B)Adequategovernmentfundingisvitaltoscientificresearch.C)Governmentregulationhelpsthepublicunderstandscience.D)Commonfolksscientificknowledgecanswaypolicymaking.52.Whatshouldnon ̄scientistsdotoensuretheirqualityoflife?A)Seekpersonalizedmedicalassistancefromdoctors.B)Acquireabasicunderstandingofmedicalscience.C)Havetheirindividualgenomesequenced.D)Makeinformeduseofanimalmodels.
53.Whyisitimportantforscientiststobuildagoodrelationshipwiththemedia?A)Ithelpsthemtoeffectivelypopularizenewscientificinformation.B)Itenablesthepublictodevelopapositiveattitudetowardscience.C)Ithelpsthemtoestablishamorepositivepublicimage.D)Itenablesthemtoapplytheirfindingstopublichealth.
54.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithsciencejournalism?A)Itiskeenontransmittingsensationalinformation.B)Ittendstooversimplifypeopleshealthproblems.
C)Itmaygiveinaccurateordistortedinformationtothepublic.D)Itmayprovideinformationopentodifferentinterpretations.
55.Whatshouldscientistsdotoimparttheirlatestfindingstothepublicmoreeffectively?A)Givetrainingtosciencejournalists.B)Stimulatepublicinterestinscience.
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神考C)Seektimelyassistancefromthemedia.D)Improvetheircommunicationskills.
PartⅣ
Directions:Forthispartꎬyouareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
近年来ꎬ中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资ꎬ以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求ꎮ除了新建体育馆外ꎬ许多城市还采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施ꎬ来增加当地体育馆的数量ꎮ在政府资金的支持下ꎬ越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放ꎬ或者只收取少量费用ꎮ许多体育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量ꎮ人们可以方便地在线预订场地和付费ꎮ可以预见ꎬ随着运动设施的不断改善ꎬ越来越多的人将会去体育馆健身ꎮ
Translation(30minutes)
道有神考2018.12 第 8页/共22页(第3套)
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