The –ed Participle
分词有现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示“主动和进行”，被动表示“被动并完成”。
I. The functions of the –ed participle
1. as an attributive
a. spoken / written English b. a broken cup
c. a boy named Chen Ming
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d. This is one of the buildings built in the 1960s.
2. as a predicative a. The cup is broken.
b. I was surprised at the news.
c. He was disappointed to know the result.
3. as an object compliment (1) 在感觉动词后
a. I saw the boy beaten by his father. b. If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled.
c. Have you ever heard the song
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sung?
d. He found his car stolen.
(2) 在使役动词 get, have, leave, make后
e. Try to make yourself understood. f. He left his breakfast unfinished because he got up late. (比较) ：
Arrive here on time tomorrow. Don’t leave me waiting.
g. Please keep the door closed / open.
h. I must have/ get my car repaired. (比较)：
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The song got me wondering.
The teacher got the boy to clean the classroom.
i. He had his leg injured.
j. I won’t have myself treated as a guest. （不允许 ） （比较）：
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like this. Note:
在动词like, want, wish, order结构中用过去分词作宾语补足语。 a. I want the work ( to be) finished.
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b. He didn’t like his novel ( to be ) discussed in the newspapers.
4. as an adverbial
a. The professor appeared, followed by a group of students.
b. The old man entered the room, supported by his son.
c. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
d. Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
e. Made of plastic, the box is light to carry.
f. If / When heated to a high
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temperature, water will change into vapour.
g. With the work done, he went home. （比较）：
a. Having done the work, he went home.
b. He lay half dead, with all his ribs broken. （表结果）
c. With the boy leading the way, we got there on time.
d. With the teacher to help us, we won’t have any difficulty.
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独立结构：
a. The work done, he went home.
II. Differences between the –ed participle and –ing participle 1. 语态上
a. Who is the girl speaking to our teacher?
b. What is the language spoken in Australia?
c. I saw her opening the door? d. I saw the door opened. 2. 时间上
a. the changing world
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the changed world b. the rising sun the risen sun c. the falling leaves the fallen leaves
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