专业英语四级（语法与词汇）模拟试卷176 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1． Which of the following italicized parts is INCORRECT? A．The air-conditioner off, he has to use the fan instead. B．Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. C．There being less water left, she needs to boil some. D．Coming late to school, the teacher got angry.
正确答案：D 解析：考查独立主格结构。独立主格结构是由主语加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词等构成的一种独立结构，A为“主语+副词”构成的独立结构，表原因，相当于原因状语从句Because the air—conditioner is off；B、C为“主语+分词”构成的独立结构，也是充当原因状语。D斜体部分的逻辑主语是the teacher，但根据句意，上学迟到的显然是指学生，并非老师，D不符合语意逻辑，应改为独立主格结构表原因，即The students coming late to school，the teacher got angry． 知识模块：语法与词汇
2． All the following sentences have an object complement EXCEPT A．He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. B．I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.
C．The little boy didn’t fall asleep until his mother told him a story. D．The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.
正确答案：C
解析：A中的lively and interesting、B中的doing his homework和D中的to build a factorythere都是宾语补足语，起补充说明的作用。正确答案为C，其中的his mother told him a story是一个双宾语结构，him为间接宾语，a story为直接宾语。 知识模块：语法与词汇
3． In the sentence “Maggie will visit Mrs. White herself in two days”, the italicized word is used to modify
A．the prepositional phrase. B．the object. C．the verb. D．the subject.
正确答案：D
解析：考查反身代词的用法。A“介词短语”，B“宾语”，C“动词”，D“主语”。“亲自”修饰主语，是主语补足语，因此选D。herself是反身代词，不能修饰动词。 知识模块：语法与词汇
4． ______ the help of my English teacher, I would not have succeeded in the speech contest.
A．But for B．Despite
C．Regardless of D．Besides
正确答案：A 解析：根据句意，后半句的would not have succeeded是对过去的虚拟式表达，前半句则是对一个事实的描述，因此这里应该填入一个表达假设条件的词或词组，只有but for符合要求，等同于if it hadnot been for．．．。Despite“尽管”表让步，Regardless of意为“不管，不顾”，Besides“此外”表并列。 知识模块：语法与词汇
5． _____, I will spare no effort to persuade him to go abroad for further study. A．Though hard is the work B．However hard the work is C．Though hard the work is D．However the work is hard
正确答案：B
解析：引导让步状语从句的副词或连词的用法。however和though可以引导让步状语从句，但用法不同。however需与形容词或副词连用，表示对其进行强调，结构为“however hard+主语+谓语”，意为“不管如何努力……”，因此选B。D的词序不对，though是一个连词，需引导完整的句子作状语从句。A和C选项的词序都不对，应为though the work is hard或hard though the work is。 知识模块：语法与词汇
6． I expect the orange juice ______ undrinkable because it has been put there for several months.
A．becomes B．has become C．became D．had become
正确答案：B
解析：根据句意，橙汁已经变质，不能喝了，属于过去的动作对现在造成影响，只能用现在完成时，选B。 知识模块：语法与词汇
7． ______ time, they’ll probably agree with what you propose now.
A．Giving B．Had C．Having D．Given
正确答案：D
解析：特殊用法。Given用于句首表假设，其后跟名词、代词或词组，类似的词还有assuming，granted等。答案为D。 知识模块：语法与词汇
8． A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, ______ surprises all the people present.
A．which B．what C．that D．they
正确答案：A
解析：非限定性定语从句引导词用法。what和that都不能引导非限定性定语从句。如选D会造成两个完整句并列无连词，不符合语法规则。A中which指代逗号前面的整个分句，为正确答案。 知识模块：语法与词汇
9． You are ______ careful than your sister. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A．not more B．no more C．not less D．no less
正确答案：B
解析：考查比较结构辨析。not more．．．than指“不如……”，属于常规的比较级构成形式，表示在两者之间进行数量或程度上比较，如：She is not more diligent than her sister．(她不如她姐姐勤奋。)；no more．．．than是一个特殊用法，它并不在两者之间进行比较，而强调“和……一样不”。否定两者。同样，not less．．．than表示确实的比较，如：What he earns is not less than mine．(他赚的并不比我少。)；no less．．．than意为“不少于；和……一样”，表示肯定两者。根据下文的语境can’tdo the work that needs care and skill，可见这两个人都不是很仔细的人，故答案为B。 知识模块：语法与词汇
10． ______ she couldn’t understand was ______ more and more young people like to follow suit instead of keeping their own styles.
A．What; why B．That; what C．What; because D．Why; why
正确答案：A
解析：第一个空格应填入一个主语从句引导词，且该词在从句中充当宾语，因此只能用what。第二个空格是一个表语从句引导词，because无此用法，排除。从句是一个完整的句子，因此不用what，答案为A。 知识模块：语法与词汇
11． Almost all metals are good conductors, silver______ the best of all. A．is B．being C．has been D．is to be
正确答案：B
解析：独立主格结构。逗号前后分句缺乏连词，空格处不能填入谓语动词构成独立分句，因此只能选B构成独立主格结构，表伴随状态，相当于Almost all metals are good conductors．andsilver is the best of all. 知识模块：语法与词汇
12． It was not the first time she ______ in the exam. I think it’s high time we ______ the truth to our headteacher.
A．cheated; tell B．had cheated; told C．has cheated; told D．has cheated; tell
正确答案：B
解析：时态用法和虚拟语气。当句子里有序数词first／second／third．…副词only或最高级best／worst／most的时候，后面的从句要用完成时态，如：It is one of the most interesting books I’veever read．(这是我看过的最有趣的书之一。)因为句子是过去时，这里应该用过去完成时。另外，it’s(high)time后的谓语要用过去时表示虚拟语气，因此B是正确答案。 知识模块：语法与词汇
13． Only when one loses freedom ______ its value. A．does one know B．one knows C．one does know D．knows one
正确答案：A 解析：“only+状语从句”位于句首时，主句一般采用部分倒装语序，故答案为A。 知识模块：语法与词汇
14． ______, Mr. White scarcely considers the thought of his employees as well as their needs.
A．Even if he is a top executive
B．Being a top executive C．Since he is a top executive D．Although he is a top executive
正确答案：D
解析：连词的含义与用法。本句表达的是一般性的转折、让步关系，应该选D项Although表示“尽管，虽然”。A中的Even if也表示让步，但其意为“即使/纵然”，强调“假设的、退一步的”情况。B项Being a top executive是现在分词短语表示原因，相当于一个表示原因的状语从句，C项Sincehe is a top executive也表示原因，都不符合句意。 知识模块：语法与词汇
15． About one thousand students passed the entrance examination for postgraduate, many of______ ladies.
A．who B．them C．whom D．that
正确答案：B 解析：独立主格结构及代词的选用。由四个选项可看出逗号后面无谓语动词，因此要使用独立主格结构作状语，符合要求的只有选项B，指代前面的students。此题容易误选C，如果句中用了whom，则应出现一个句子作定语，即要补足系动词were。 知识模块：语法与词汇
16． You just lost quite a bit of blood, which is why you feel ______. A．faint B．feeble C．fragile D．vulnerable
正确答案：A
解析：因为失去了相当多的血，所以你会感觉虚弱晕眩。A. faint“眩晕的”，指人在特定场合感觉到的虚弱，通常是由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况。如本题，失血过多导致短暂性眩晕。
B．feeble指“身体衰弱无力”，通常与年纪大有关。 C．fragile“易碎的，易受伤的”，指物体容易打碎，或人体质虚弱、容易受伤害。
D．vulnerable“脆弱的”。 知识模块：语法与词汇
17． There has been a______ lack of communication between the management and the union.
A．regretful B．regretting C．regrettable
D．regretted
正确答案：C
解析：管理层与工会之间一直缺乏沟通，这很令人遗憾。A．regretful“后悔的，感到遗憾的”，一般用来形容人。
B．regretting是regret的现在分词。一般不作形容词。 C．regrettable表示“令人遗憾的，可惜的”，一般用来描述某件事(如本题)。 D．regretted是regret的过去分词，一般也不作形容词。 知识模块：语法与词汇
18． He has made a name for himself in the field of computers. The underlined part means______.
A．become a spokesman B．become an expert C．become notorious D．become famous
正确答案：D
解析：他在计算机领域很有名气。下划线部分的含义是——。A．become a spokesman“成为发言人”
B．become an expert“成为专家”
C．become notorious“变得声名狼藉”
D．become famous“出名”注：短语make a name for oneself的意思是“出名”，这与D的意思一致。 知识模块：语法与词汇
19． Many countries had made ______ agreements for health care with China. A．mutual B．common C．joint
D．reciprocal
正确答案：D
解析：许多国家和中国签订了医疗卫生互惠协议。A．mutual“互相的”，着重彼此共有或共享，局限于双方的关系，例如：mutual benefit双方利益。
B．common侧重两人或多人共有共同，但不暗示彼此间存在的等价关系，例如：Britain andAmerica share a common language．英国和美国共用一种语言。
C．joint“共同的，联合的”，强调至少两人或两方共同占用，侧重指一个统一体，例如：a jointstatement联合声明。
D．reciprocal“互惠的，对等的”，着重互惠，有来有往，例如：reciprocal relationship互惠关系。注：从题目可知，这里不仅是两者之间的互惠，而是多国之间，故用D而不用A。 知识模块：语法与词汇
20． Lady Gaga’s new album ______ to number one in the UK Official Chart. A．hoisted
B．ascended C．rocketed D．arose
正确答案：C
解析：Lady Gaga的新专辑迅速攀升到英国官方排行榜榜首。A．hoisted“升起，吊起”，多指借助机械手段来提升重物。
B．ascended指物体逐渐或继续上升、升起。 C．rocketed强调上升突然而速度迅猛(如本题)。
D．arose指无形的、抽象的东西的出现或产生，后常接from。 知识模块：语法与词汇
21． Hearing the news, they are ______joy and sorrow. A．alternatively B．alternately C．jointly D．mutually
正确答案：B
解析：听到这消息，他们悲喜交集。A．alternatively“两者选其一” B．alternately“交替地”
C．jointly“联合地，共同地”
D．mutually“相互地，彼此地”注：不能在悲和喜之间选择其一，因而不能选A。 知识模块：语法与词汇
22． Listening, speaking, reading, and writing ______ the fundamental order in language learning.
A．comprise B．compose C．consist D．constitute
正确答案：D
解析：听、说、读、写是学习语言的根本顺序。A．comprise“包含，由……组成”，例如：Our company’s product line comprises 2,500 differentitems．我们公司的生产线是由2500个不同的组成部分构成的。
B．compose“由……组成”，后接of，常用于被动语态，例如：The committee was composedmainly of teachers and parents．委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
C．consist“组成，由……组成”，后接of，常用于主动语态，例如：The problem consists of twoparts．问题由两部分组成。
D．constitute“构成，组成(整体)”(如本题)，例如：Crime and illegal drugs trade constitute thecity’s major problems．犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。 知识模块：语法与词汇
23． As our boss was away on a business trip, I was asked to ______ the weekly staff meeting.
A．introduce B．preside C．dominate D．chair
正确答案：D 解析：因为我们老板出差了．上司让我主持一周一次的员工会议。A introduce指“介绍”，例如：Allow me to introduce myself．请允许我自我介绍一下。
B．preside表示“主持(会议等)”时为不及物动词，后需与at或over搭配使用，例如：The PrimeMinister is scheduled to preside over the conference．按计划将由首相主持会议。
C．dominate指“控制，掌握”，例如：She completely dominated the conversation．谈话完全由她主导。
D．chair用作动词时含义与preside相同，意为“主持(会议等)”，是及物动词，例如：chair ameeting主持会议。注：根据空格后的宾语the weekly staff meeting，可判断此空应填入一个及物动词，故选D。 知识模块：语法与词汇
24． Workers in big firms receive a substantial part of their pay in the form of _____ and overtime.
A．prizes B．bonuses C．rewards D．gratuities
正确答案：B
解析：大公司的工人，工资很大一部分是奖金和加班费。A．prizes“奖，奖赏”
B．bonuses“分红；奖金” C．rewards“奖励；赏金”
D．gratuities“小费；退职金” 知识模块：语法与词汇 25． It is customary to ______ one’s resignation one month before one’s last day. A．turn down B．turn out C．turn up D．turn in
正确答案：D
解析：通常辞职要在一个月前递交辞职信。A．turn down“拒绝，调小，调低”
B．turn out“生产，结果是，关掉” C．turn up“出现，发生”
D．turn in“上交，归还” 知识模块：语法与词汇
26． Mary hoped that this job would serve as a firm ______ for her chosen career.
A．base B．basis
C．foundation D．ground
正确答案：C
解析：玛丽希望这份工作会为她所选定的职业打下坚实的基础。A．base侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义，例如：Wavescrashed and pounded at the base of the cliff．海浪冲击拍打着悬崖的底部。
B．basis主要用于比喻，指依据、根据等，很少用于实物，例如：Sound capital is the basis ofsound banking．健全的资本是健全的银行的基础。
C．foundation强调基础之牢固与持久(如本题)，例如：A body without knowledge is like ahouse without a foundation．一个没有知识的人就像一个没有根基的房子。
D．ground指花样图案等的底色，例如：The pattern was on a grey ground．图案为灰色背景。作理由、根据时常用复数，例如：There are some grounds for optimism．有一些乐观的理由。 知识模块：语法与词汇
27． The general manager told his secretary that he suffered from heart disease, but he would not admit it in ______.
A．secret B．private C．public D．detail
正确答案：C 解析：这位总经理告诉他的秘书他患有心脏病，但在公众场合他是不会承认的。A. in secret“秘密地”
B．in private“私下里”
C．in public“在公众场合”
D．in detail“详细地” 知识模块：语法与词汇
28． The general asks the soldiers many questions to keep them on their toes. The underlined part means ______.
A．curious B．busy C．focused D．alert
正确答案：D
解析：将军问了战士们许多问题，目的是要让他们保持警惕。下划线部分的含义是 。A．curious“好奇的”
B．busy“忙碌的” C．focused“专注的”
D．alert“警惕的”注：短语on one’s toes的意思是“保持警惕”，这里与D含义相同。 知识模块：语法与词汇
29． The statement completely laid bare its ______ for world conquest. A．admiration B．ambition
C．administration D．accusation
正确答案：B
解析：这份声明充分暴露了其要征服世界的野心。A．admiration“钦佩，羡慕”
B．ambition“雄心，抱负”
C．administration“管理，行政”
D．accusation“指控，谴责”注：句中的lay bare是“暴露”的意思。 知识模块：语法与词汇
30． Business schools around the globe are facing a ______ shortage within the next decade, according to the latest statistics.
A．crew B．faculty C．personnel D．staff
正确答案：B
解析：最新的统计数据显示，在未来10年内，全球范围内的商学院正面临师资短缺的问题。A．crew侧重表示“全体船员，机务人员”
B．faculty“全体教员”
C．personnel总称“全体人员”
D．staff“全体职员” 知识模块：语法与词汇
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