一、本单元知识目标
1.掌握以下单词及用法：
CD player, several, shelf ,already, on ,knowledge, yard, schoolyard ,step ,librarian, probably, pay, sadly, mark, bookmark ,encourage, once ,abroad ,copy
2.理解以下单词： screen spoil
3.掌握以下词组及用法： at the moment
used to put sth. down / put down sth. pay for sth. come up with think of get sth. back pick up
4.灵活运用以下句式进行交际： --- Excuse me, have you got …? --- Yes, I have. ( Sorry, I haven't.) --- Why don't you …? --- Thanks, I will.
--- Thanks a lot. ( Thanks very much.) --- You are welcome. --- Have you ever done…? --- Yes, I have, once. ( No, never.) --- I've just done… --- Really? 5.语法
理解现在完成时的用法及构成；掌握其陈述句形式、疑问句形式和简略答语；牢记动词的过去式和过去分词（规则形式和不规则形式）。 二、本单元课文难点讲解 Lesson 1
1. Have you got…? 你有……吗？ 在口语中，have常与got连用。 have got = have
Have you got…? = Do you have…?
eg. I have got no idea where to go . 我还没有决定上哪。 = I have no idea where to go.
Have you got any pen friends in America? 你在美国有笔友吗？ = Do you have any pen friends in America?
2. They are on that shelf. 它们在那个架子上。 shelf变复数，改f为v, 加es： shelf --- shelves 类似的以f或fe结尾的名词变复数还有： leaf --- leaves（树叶） knife --- knives（小刀） wife --- wives （妻子） life --- lives （生命） 但是也有例外，如： roofs （屋顶）, proofs（证据） 3. Why don't you ask Jim? 为什么不去问吉姆？ Why don't you … ? = Why not …?
eg. Why don't you get up earlier? 为什么不早点起床？ = Why not get up earlier?
Why don't you use your own dictionary？为何不用你自己的字典？ = Why not use your own dictionary? 4. It must still be there. 它肯定还在那里。 must be用来表示对事情进行较肯定的猜测。
eg. The man with glasses must be the manager.那个戴眼镜的男人肯定是经理。 She must be very sad after hearing the news. 听到那个消息她一定很难过。 Lesson 2
1. used to do 强调过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。
eg. There used to be low and dirty houses. 那里曾是些低矮而肮脏的房屋。（现在不是了） He is not what he used to be. 他已不是旧日的他了。
Did they use to visit you on Saturday? 他们以前常在星期六来拜访你吗？ 2. She likes reading on many different subjects. 她喜欢读许多方面的书籍。
like doing表示经常性的喜爱做的事情，like to do则表达喜欢做更加具体的某一件事。 eg. We like playing football after school. 我们喜欢放学后踢足球。 I like to have black tea. 我喜欢喝红茶。
3. Sometimes she reads a few lines, puts down the book, walks a few steps and thinks for a while and then walks away with the book. 有时候，她读上几行，放下书，走几步，思考一会儿，然后拿着书便走开了。
① line: 行，列
eg. How many lines of words are there on this page? 这一页上有多少行字？
② put sth. down / put down sth.放下
eg. He put down the receiver and began to cry. 他放下话筒开始哭。 Would you please put the books down? 你可以把书放下吗？
③ step: 步，迈步
eg. He took a step towards the door. 他向门口迈了一步。 The school is only a step away. 学校就在附近。
4. I've looked for it everywhere, but I can't find it. 我到处都找遍了，可是没有找到。 look for: 寻找
eg. Mum is looking for her gloves. 妈妈在找她的手套。
与look搭配的常用短语还有：
eg. Look at the blackboard, please! 请看黑板！
I look after the baby when she's out. 她不在时我照看孩子。
Why not look up the word in the dictionary? 为什么不到字典里去查这个单词呢？ Look out, there's a car coming. 留神，汽车过来了。
I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。
5． Somebody will probably find it and return it sooner or later. 或许有人会找到那本书，迟早会还回去的。
① probably：大概，或许 eg. --- Will it rain this afternoon? --- Probably not.
今天下午下雨吗? 大概不会。
② sooner or later: 迟早
eg. They will know the secret sooner or later. 他们迟早会知道这个秘密的。 6. What was worse, Grandma lost more books. 更加糟糕的是，奶奶还丢了一些书。
worse是bad的比较级，“意思是更坏，更不好”；worse还能用作ill的比较级，意思是“（病情）更严重，更糟”。
eg. He's getting steadily worse. 他的病情每况愈下。 At least, she's no worse. 至少她的病没有恶化。
7. One day, the librarian came up with an idea. 有一天，图书管理员想出了一个办法。
① come up with是一个短语动词（动词和介词一起构成的固定词组），意思是“找到，提出（答案，解决办法）”。
eg. He couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. 那时他想不出一个合适的答案。
② 常见的由动词和介词一起构成的短语动词还有： begin with以……为开始 get off从……下来 hear of听说 jump into跳入 fight about为……而斗争 listen to听…… learn from向……学习 look at看…… look for寻找 pay for…为……付钱 look after照顾 point at指向……
send for派人去请…… talk about (sth.)谈论某事 talk to (sb.)与某人交谈 wait for等待 worry about为……担心
③ 注意：“动词+介词”构成的短语动词，后面跟宾语时，宾语只能放在介词后面。如： How much did you pay for the coat? 这件外套你付了多少钱？ Don't worry about me. 别为我担心。
8. I'm afraid I have to pay for the lost books. 恐怕我得赔偿那些丢失的书了。 ① I'm afraid: （表示抱歉）恐怕；我想…
eg. I am afraid you are wrong about that. 这事儿我想恐怕是你错了。 I'm afraid I've broken your pen. 我是怕把你的笔弄坏了。 ② pay for: 偿还, 赔偿
eg. How much did you pay for the book? 那本书你赔了多少钱？
9. Now her lost books are usually returned to the library. 现在她丢失的书总能被还回图书馆。 此句中are returned是一个被动结构，表示书是被人们所归还的。 Lesson 3
1. I didn't quite understand how they got the book back so quickly until I picked up ……直到有一天我拾到了一本奶奶丢的书后，我才明白为什么大家能那么快的将拾到的书还回。
① not until: 直到……才
eg. We can't go until Thursday. 我们要到星期四才能去。
The boy couldn't sew until he was six. 那个男孩直到六岁才会用针缝东西。
② pick up: 捡起，拾起
eg. He picked the wallet up and gave it back to me. 他拾起皮夹递给了我。
2. I've just finished reading the book. 我刚刚读完了那本书。 finish doing sth.做完……（后接动名词）
有些动词(动词短语)后只能接动名词，如；finish（完成）, enjoy（喜爱）, mind（介意）, resist（反对，抵抗）, avoid（避免）, practise（练习）, give up（放弃）, insist on（坚持）, put off（推迟）, object to（反对）等。
eg. Would you mind changing places with me so that I can be nearer the fire? 你能不能与我换一换位置,这样我可以离炉火近一点。 The twin brothers always enjoy going to the concert. 这一对双胞胎弟兄俩对听音乐会总是兴致勃勃。 Lesson 4
1. What do you do every day as a librarian? 你作为图书管理员，每天都做些什么？ as在该句中的意思是“作为”。
eg. As a doctor, he is successful. 作为一名医生，他是成功的。 三、本单元词语辨析
1. Maybe it’s yours. ( Lesson 1 ) Maybe/ may be
① maybe是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用作状语。 Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。
“Will he come tomorrow?” “Maybe not.” “他明天来吗？” “也许不”。
② may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是……，可能是……”。
It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。 The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。
2. She often borrows books from school library. ( Lesson 2 ) borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
① borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借进来”。 We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。 I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。
borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能与时间段连用。
You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 ) I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 )
② lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。 Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。 He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。
lend与borrow一样，也是一个瞬间完成的动作，不能与一段时间连用。
③ keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此可以与时间段连用。
You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。 I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。 ④ use也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，使用”。 May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗？
He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。 3. …when she left for home. ( lesson 2 ) leave/ leave for
① leave意思是“离开，留下”。
We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。 ② leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。 We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下月去西藏。 The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。
四、同步练习
Ⅰ选择填空
1. Whose books are these? They are _______. A. my B. me C. mine D. our
2. The boy didn't go out ____ he finished his homework. A. since B. until C. or D. but
3. Mr Green asked the children to _____the words in the dictionary. A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after
4. May I _____ your bike ? Certainly , but you can't _____it to other. A. lend, lend B. borrow, lend C. borrow , borrow D. lend, borrow
5. Mr Brown _____in China since 20 years ago. A. worked B. works C. is working D. has worked
6. There______ be many trees here two years ago. A. is B. are C. use to D. used to
Ⅱ仔细阅读对话，选择对话右边框内的句子填空格，使对话意思连贯正确。 A: 1 ？
B: Yes. Have you got a book on Chinese history? A: 2 . Here it is. B: Oh, good. Thank you, 3 , Liu Hua? C: I want to borrow a book about football.
A: Oh, you are lucky. We have just got a new one. I think you will be pleased with it. C: Thank you very much. B: 4 ? A: Two weeks. B: 5 ?
A: Yes, you can. But you'll have to come and renew(续借) it if you can't finish it on time.
A. What about you D. Let me see
B. Can I keep it a little longer E. Do you want to borrow a book C. How long may I keep this book F. Can I help you Ⅲ 阅读理解
Over thirty thousand years ago people from northern Asia went to America. Today, we call these people Indians.
The Indians went to America because the weather began to change. Northern Asia became very cold. Everything froze. They had to move or die. How did the first Indians go to America? They walked!
Later Columbus found the New World in 1492. At first, only a few Europeans followed. They traveled to America in boats. For the next three hundred years, about 500,000 people went there. Then the number grew very quickly. From 1815 to 1915, over thirty-two million Europeans left their countries and went to the United States. The biggest groups were from Germany and Italy. These Europeans spoke many different languages. Most of them took almost no money. They went to America so that they could find a better life.
根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案. ( ) 1. __________ went to America first. (A) People from northern Asia (B) People from Europe (C) People from Germany (D) Columbus
( )2. Why did the Indians go to America? Because ________. (A) northern Asia became very hot (B) northern Asia became very cold (C) they were interested in America (D) they liked traveling
( ) 3. The New World was ___________.
(A) Italy ( B) northern Asia (C) Germany (D) America
( ) 4. The first Europeans went to America _______________. (A) by ship (B) by bike ( C) by boat ( D) by train
( ) 5. These Europeans ______________. (A) didn't speak the same language (B) spoke English only (C) spoke German only
(D) spoke both English and German
( ) 6. The Europeans went to America in order to _________. (A) find the New World (B) find a better life (C) build more boats (D) learn English
五、同步练习答案及讲解
Ⅰ选择填空：
1. C 应该用名词性物主代词。
2．B not until结构。
3. B look up查找，查询
4. B “我”是借进，用borrow,不能往外借出，用lend.
5. D 此句话为现在完成时。
6. D used to过去曾有的。
Ⅱ仔细阅读对话，选择对话右边框内的句子填空格，使对话意思连贯正确。 1. F 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B
Ⅲ 阅读理解
1. A 参考文章第一行。
2. B 参考文章第三、四行。
3. D 通过上下文可知，哥伦布发现的新大陆就是美洲。
4. C 参考文章第七行。
5. A 参考文章倒数第二行。
6. B 参考文章最后一行。
The National Library of China in Brief
The National Library of China is situated in the West of Beijing. Its predecessor was the Capital Library established in 1909. In 1916 the Library started accepting the legal deposit copies of the national publications. In 1928 the Library got name of the National Beiping Library. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Library was renamed Beijing Library. From 1987 the name, National Library of China, has been used in the communication and cooperation with the libraries of other countries. In December 1998, the State Council approved that the Chinese name of the Library is changed to Zhong Guo Guo Jia Tu Shu Guan (the National Library of China).
The Library has the total floor area of 170,000 square meters, ranking first in the national libraries in Asia, and fourth in those of the world.
The National Library of China is a comprehensive research library, a national repository of the home publications, a national bibliographic center, a national center of library information networks, and the library research and development center. The Library serves for central legislature, government, key research institutions, academy, education, business and the general public. The Library is responsible for implementing the official cultural agreements and conducts communication and cooperation with the libraries both at home and abroad.
The Library has a rich collection of 22,400,000 volumes, ranking fifth in the libraries of the world. In the collection there are 270,000 volumes of rarebooks; 1,600,000 volumes of general ancient books; 35,000 pieces of the scripted turtle shells and animal bones. The Library not only has the largest collection of Chinese books in the world, but also the biggest collection of materials in foreign languages in the country. It has a strong collection in those materials, such as manuscripts of the notables, revolutionary historical materials, Chinese doctoral dissertations, the UN publications and the increased number of e-publications.
The Library opens to the public 365 day a year and its on-line services are available 24 hours a day via its linkage with various multimedia networks and on Internet.
the largest library in the world
You might think the largest library in the world would be in Europe．But it isn't．It's in Washington, D．C．It's called the Library of Congress（国会图书馆）．
President John Adams started the library in 1800 for members of Congress．He wanted them to be able to read books about law．The first 740 books were bought in England．They were simply set up in the room where Congress met．Then Thomas Jefferson sold Congress many of his own books．He felt Congress should have books on all subjects, not just on law．This idea changed the library for good．
The library grew and grew．Now it covers acres of land．It contains 20 million books as well as scores of pictures, movies, globes and machines．Experts(专家) in every field work there．Hundreds of people call every day with all kinds of questions．Many of them get answers right over the phone．
The library is a huge storehouse．Thomas Edison's first movie and Houdini's magic books reside（居住） there．And it is the proud owner of the world's best collection of comic（喜剧的） books．
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