李靖
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语、状语和宾补。 1作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being.动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。 ----- What made him angry?
------ Mary’s /My/His/Her Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late. 比较：Being exposed to the sun is harmful to the skin. Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
句型: It’s no use/no good doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 比较：It is adj for/ of sb to do sth.
练习：1._________________ in a well-known university is what everyone wished for
A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The girl’s being educated D. The girl to be educated 2.---- Who is the man______ to the teacher? ----- A model worker______ our school.
A. talks, visits B. is talking; is visiting C. talking; visiting D. talking; visited 参考答案：CC
2.作定语（前置定语和后置定语）
前置定语：一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如：
swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词 listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水 working people 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子
区别下面短语：
the developing countries/ the developed countries the falling/ fallen leaves the people present 到场的人/ the present people 现在的人
the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱 the boiling/ boiled water. 后置定语：
There are many people ______ (wait) outside the hall.
1
There are many problems ______ ( remain) to be solved. The flowers _______ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people. There are many people _______ (invite) to the party. The film, ______ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal. The meeting_________(hold) now is of great importance.
The meeting_________(hold) yesterday was of great importance. The meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. He is always the first_______ (come) and the last _______ (leave). He is the only person ________(know) the truth. He was the best ______ (do) the job.
参考答案：waiting/ remianing/ smelling/ invited/ set/ being held/ held/ to be held/ to come/ to leave/ to know/ to do
3.作表语
动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某
件事”等。例如：
His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。 比较下列区别
excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired
exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/tiring He is moved by the moving movie. 4.作宾语
①考虑、建议和原谅，承认、推迟没得想像 避免、继续练，否认完成停感谢 不禁止介意准逃亡
consider（考虑）;advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议); excuse/pardon(原谅)；
admit/acknowledge(承认)；delay/postpone/put off(推迟); imagine/fancy(想像)；avoid（避免）；miss（错过）；practise（练习）;deny(否认);finish(完成); appreciate(感谢);forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脱)；
enjoy（享受）；risk (冒险)；tolerate/bear/stand/put up with(容忍)；quit（停止）advocate（提倡）；resist （抵制）understand（理解）；allow/permit(允许)
f eel like doing sth（喜欢做某事; give up doing (放弃做某事); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; can’t help doing sth（情不自禁）; be worth doing sth (值得做某事)； have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做...有困难/麻烦); have a hard/good time doing sth; have fun doing sth It is no use/good doing sth做.......没有用处/好处
There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间
2
It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done值得做某事
②forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________ go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________ mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________ regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________ regret doing sth/having done________________________________________ remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________ stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________ try to do sth______________________ try doing sth____________________ be afraid to do sth_________________ be afraid of doing sth______________ be sure to do sth__________________ be sure of doing sth_______________ Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。） Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。） I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。） I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。） I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。） I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。） Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）
He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）
I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）
③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.
④动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying.
⑤在短语devote oneself/ one’s time to(把...贡献给...)；look forward to(期望)；pay attention to(注意)； attach importance to (重视)； be used/accustomed to(习惯于做某事)；when it comes to (当谈到做某事) ,get down to(着手)；prefer doing sth to doing sth（喜欢...而不喜欢）; turn to doing sth(转向)；thanks to(多亏); lead to(导致)；the key to doing sth(做某事的关键)；object to/be opposed to(反对)；contribute to(有助于)；be addicated to doing sth(沉湎于；对...上瘾)；make contributions to(对...做出贡献) ；due to（由于）；apply oneself to (致力于) ；stick to（坚持）；come close to （接近于）等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
3
⑥在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。
⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.
5.动名词作状语
动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 ①Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (时间)
= While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. ②Living far from the comany, he has to get up early every morning.(原因) =Because he lives far from the comany, he has to get up early every morning. Not konwing her address, I might as well telephone her to come. (原因)
= Because I didn’t know her address, I might as well telephone her to come. Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried. (原因) ③He sat on the sofa, watching Tv. (伴随状语) = He sat on the sofa and watched Tv.
④ Her parents died in 1990, leaving her with her yonger brother.(结果状语,表示自然而然的结果) 比较下面的句子：
When he hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.（结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果） ⑤ Using your head, you will find a way. (条件) = If you use your head, you will find a way.
⑥ He came running back to tell me the news.(方式) ⑦ Woking hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.(让步)
= Although he worked hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired. 固定的结构 generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲 considering/ given 考虑到 judging from/by 根据....判断 compared with 与....相比 provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设
to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说 To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是 seeing that 鉴于
Considering his age, he is quite tall.
Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.
I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.
独立主格主从句主语不一致，从句可变为非谓语，带有自己的逻辑主语.该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况 4
下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 常见的独立主格结构有如下几种：
1). 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：
The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
2). 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：
The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
3). 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
4). 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5). 名词/主格代词+副词。如：
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6). 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 7). There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 8). It being +名词（代词）如：
It being christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
with复合结构的构成
5
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1）with+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系） All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系） With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes. 4）with+宾语+to do（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义） I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. 5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
1）______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’colck. 2)_______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 3) _______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed. 4) _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.
5)__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to gfive in.
6) ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.
参考答案：to sleep; seen; seeing; Having cleaned; having been surrounded; lost
6.作宾补时
①tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask + sb to do
He asked me to finish it in time.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. ②feel(一感); hear\\ listen to(二听); have \\ make\\ let(三使)；see\\ watch\\ observe\\ notice\\ look at\\ find (六看) + sb do/doing/done等感官使役动词后不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要还原to. I heard him call me several times. Tom was made to sing. I heard her singing the song when I passed her room. Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard. We found the village greatly changed. I heard the song sung in english many times. 注：上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如： He was seen to come．
The boy was made to go to bed early. 比较：
get sb to do sth= let/ make have sb do sth
6
get sth done= have sth done
get sb sth doing 使某人/某物开始行动起来 have sb doing sth 使某人不停地做某事 get done 被.....
The teacher get us to read the text aloud.
Her son has been ill for days .She needs to get him examined in the hospital. He managed to get the horse running. we couln’t get the car starting. He got run by the car.
注意：have 表示“有” have sth to do (主动)
have sth to be done (被动) I have a lot of clothes to wash today.
I am going to do some washing today.Do you have any clothes to be washed.
③在do nothing／anything／everything but(except) do sth结构中。例如：
Last night I did nothing but watch Tv．昨天晚上，我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是，如果谓语动词不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking．医生除了让他戒烟，其它什么都没有说。 There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent．除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别有别的办法。
练习题
Ⅰ、单项选择：
1.No one enjoys _______ at.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house _______. A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in 3.They insisted on _______ another chance to try.
A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given 4. --- Where is my passport? I remember _______ it here.
--- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember _______ it with you all the time. A. to put；to take B. putting；taking
7
C. putting；to take D. to put；taking
5.His room needs _______, so he must have it _______. A. painting；painted B. painted；painting C. painting；painting D. painted；painted
6.After finishing his homework he went on _______ a letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write
7.The young trees we planted last week require _______ with great care. A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of
8.Only _______ English doesn't mean _______ the language. A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning
9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _______. A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age. A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study
11.Remember _______ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back
12.As she is looking forward to _______ from me, please remember _______ this letter on your way to school.
A. hear；post B. hearing；to post C. be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting
13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing 14.Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 15.We appreciate _______ us to the ball.
8
A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited
16.Would you mind _______ quiet for a moment? I'm trying _______ a form. A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill out C. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 17.He was afraid _______ for being late.
A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen 18.I'd like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week. A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off
19.I don't see how I could possibly manage _______ the work without _______. A. finish；helping B. to finish；being helped C. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped 20. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well. A. doing；being done B. doing；doing
C. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done
21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted _______ the work. A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing 22. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week. A. answe 1ab1 r B. answering C. writing D. to post 23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape _______ by the police. A. to be caught B. be caught C. being caught D. catching
24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I _______ it at home. Then I remembered _______ it out to pay for the taxi. A. must have left；to take B. may leave；taking C. might leave；to take D. could have left；taking 25. _______ the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.
A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard 26. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______.
9
A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laugh C. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing 27.It's no use _______ so much money on clothes.
A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent 28.The sentence needs _______.
A. improve B. a improvement C. improving D. improved
29.If he succeeded _______ a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now. A. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for 30.I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. to take Ⅱ、填入动名词的适当形式：
1. Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island? (stay) 2. I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh) 3. She didn't mind _______ overtime. (work)
4. To make a living, he tried _______, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)
5. We are looking forward to Mary's _______. (come) 6. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save) 7. She ought to be praised instead of _______. (criticize). 8. Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win) 9. He came to the party without _______. (invite)
动名词专项练习题参考答案
Ⅰ、1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.C 29.C 30.C Ⅱ、1.staying 2.laughing 3.working 4.writing; painting 5.coming 6.having saved 7.being criticized 8.winning 9.being invited
10
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容