考研英语(二)模拟试卷145(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（二）模拟试卷145 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

For many people, emotions are a scary thing. 【C1】______of the problem is that we just don’t know what to do with them, according to Darlene Mininni, Ph. D, author of The Emotional Toolkit. So we adopt the only strategies we【C2】______know. If you’re a man, you might distract yourself【C3】______playing video games, tinkering with your tools or drinking alcohol, she said. If you’re a woman, you might shop or eat. 【C4】______to these tools occasionally is OK, Mininni said. Making them part of your regular coping repertoire, however, is problematic. Emotions are valuable, and【C5】______a bounty of benefits. Emotions send us important messages and help us connect with others and accomplish great things, Mininni said. Using【C6】______strategies, however, can sabotage our relationships, job and even our health, Mininni said. In fact, people who handle stress effectively have healthier immune systems, don’t get sick as often and age【C7】______16 years more slowly than people who don’t. There’s actually【C8】______consensus on what an emotion is, and scientists may have various interpretations. Mininni【C9】______emotions as a “full-body experience,” an interplay between our thoughts and physical sensations. For instance, a kind of giddy happiness and anxiety have the same sensations, such as tight muscles and a【C10】______heart. What determines whether we feel happy or anxious are our thoughts. Mininni said that all emotions【C11】______into these categories: anxiety, sadness, anger and happiness. In order to identify the【C12】______of your emotion, ask yourself these questions: Anxiety: What am I afraid of? Sadness; What have I lost? Anger: How have I or my values been attacked? Happiness; What have I gained? Once you’ve identified your emotional state, the last step is to take【C13】______. Ask yourself if there’s anything you can do to solve the situation, Mininni said. If there is, consider what you can do. If there’【sC14】______you can do, determine how you can cope with the emotion, she said. Mininni suggested meditating, getting social support, writing, exercising and seeking therapy. Think of these strategies as an emotional toolkit. You simply【C15】______your kit, and pick out the healthy tool you need, Mininni said. In fact, you can create an real toolkit, and pack it with【C16】______items such as sneakers, your journal, funny films, favorite books and a list of people you’d like to call when you’re【C17】______. The strategies that work best will【C18】______with each person, depending on your personality, physiology and other individual factors, Mininni said. For some people, running works wonders in alleviating anxiety. For others, meditation is【C19】______. Emotions may seem confusing and threatening but applying the above practical and clear-cut approach reveals emotions for【C20】______they really are; useful, informative and far from murky.

1． 【C1】 A．Apart B．Part

C．A portion D．Portion

正确答案：B

解析：固定搭配题。part of something是固定用法，前面一般不加不定冠词a／an或者定冠词the。比如：Part of the money will be spent on…，part of the problem是一个在英语中使用频率非常高的短语，意为“问题的一部分”，类似的搭配还有：part of the reason／explanation／story等。portion是可数名词，需要与冠词连用，往往指某个物体上的“一部分”、够一个人吃的“一份饭菜”，或者分配到人头上的“责任、义务、过错”，几乎从不与problem搭配。

2． 【C2】 A．do B．don’t C．did D．didn’t

正确答案：A

解析：语义关系题。第一段除了…said等间接引语句子之外，通篇都采用现在时，所以基本可以排除[C]和[D]。在定语从句the strategies that we______know中，该句子成分齐全，最合理的解释是：该句缺少一个强调助动词do，即“我们确实知道的策略”。

3． 【C3】 A．by B．from C．into D．to

正确答案：A

解析：搭配题。distract的常见用法为distract sb．／sth．from sth．“将某人的注意力从……上转移过来”或distract sb．／sth．by sth．“用……转移某人的注意力”。题干的意思是“通过玩视频游戏等来转移自己的注意力”。[A]by最符合文意，而distract与[C]into和[D]to都不能搭配。

4． 【C4】 A．Applying B．Going C．Turning

D．Using

正确答案：C

解析：短语辨析题。结合上下文内容，本句中的tools其实是“(不好的)方式、方法、技巧”之意，整句的意思是“这些办法偶尔为之是可以的”。turn to除了表示“向……请求帮助”和“使用某个新办法(来解决问题)”之外，还可以与anger／crime／drink／drugs／violence等带有贬义的词语搭配，所以[C]Turning最为准确。[A]Applying to“(法律、规定等)适用于……”；[B]Going to“去往……”；[D]Using to，无此用法，只有used to“过去常常”。

5． 【C5】 A．derive B．obtain C．offer D．weigh

正确答案：C

解析：搭配辨析题。[A]derive，[B]obtain，[C]offer，[D]weigh四个选项都可以和benefit搭配，但含义有较大的差别。[A]derive为正式用语。在短语derive benefit from…“得益于……”中，benefit常用不可数名词单数形式；[B]obtain也偏正式，在短语obtain benefits from…“从……获益”中，benefit常用名词复数形式。本句的意思是“情绪是宝贵的，能带来很多益处”，所以[C]offer无论从语义还是词法上看，都是最合适的选项。[D]weigh与the benefits也可搭配，但意思是“权衡利弊”。

6． 【C6】 A．healthy B．unhealthy C．sound

D．innovative

正确答案：B

解析：语义关系题。结合上下文看，相连几句的大意是：尽管正确地流露和表达情感会带来很多好处，但是，宣泄不当却会后患无穷。因此，此处需要填入一个贬义词。四个选项中，只有[B]unhealthy最为恰当，为正确答案。其他三个选项的意思分别为：[A]健康有益的；[C]明智的；完好无损的；[D]创新的。

7． 【C7】 A．prior to B．next to C．near to D．up to

正确答案：D

解析：语义关系题。选对答案的关键是理解句义：正确应对压力，合理调节情绪，能让人年轻“多达”(up to)16岁。[A]prior to“在……之前”；[B]next to和[C]near to意思相近，常指“接近于……；靠近于……”或“差一点就……”。所以，[D]up to是正确答案。

8． 【C8】 A．a B．an C．no D．the

正确答案：C

解析：语义关系题。该句的意思是“对于究竟什么是情绪，人们实际上并没有达成共识，而科学家们也可能有着各自的解读”。因此[C]no为正确答案。

9． 【C9】 A．defines B．discusses C．explains D．illustrates

正确答案：A

解析：搭配题。正确答案是[A]defines，就单词用法而言，define…as…是最为常见的搭配。其他三个选项的搭配多为：[B]discuss…with…；[C]explain…to…；[D]illustrate that／how。

10． 【C10】 A．big

B．pounding C．strong D．weak

正确答案：B

解析：词汇辨析题。本句的大意是：幸福感和焦虑感仅从生理知觉上有时难以区分，同样都存在肌肉紧张和心跳加速的现象。四个选项都可与heart搭配，但区别显而易见：[A]a big heart“慷慨善良”；[B]a pounding heart“心跳加速”；[C]a strong heart“身体健康；内心强大”[D]a weak heart“衰弱的心脏”。所以，[B]pounding最为恰当。

11． 【C11】 A．belong B．fall C．go D．move

正确答案：B

解析：搭配题。该句的意思是“所有的情绪都可以归为这几类……”。在此语境下，能与category搭配的常用动词和动词短语包括：belong to；come into；fall into；fit；fit into。可见[B]fall into最为正确。

12． 【C12】 A．burden B．conflict C．intimacy D．message

正确答案：D

解析：词汇辨析题。本段介绍了情绪的种类，并且建议读者先识别自己的情绪状态，然后再“对症下药”。[A]burden“负担；责任”；[B]conflict“冲突”；[C]intimacy“亲密关系；亲密感”；[D]message“信号；信息”。message还可指“身体和大脑之间相互传递的信号”，所以从语义和文体角度来看，[D]message是正确答案。

13． 【C13】 A．action B．advice C．aim D．attitude

正确答案：A

解析：逻辑关系题。[A]take action“采取行动”；[B]take advice“采纳忠告”；[C]take aim“瞄准”；[D]take a…attitude“采取……的态度”。尽管从语言使用上几乎都能说得过去，但依据上下文可推断，米妮妮的观点是：聆听心声，采取行动，以便解决它，继而放下它。所以[A]action是正确答案。

14． 【C14】 A．anything B．everything C．nothing D．something

正确答案：C 解析：语义关系题。前文的Ask yourself if there’s anything you can do和If there is，consider what you can do很明确地建议能解决就解决，本句自然而然地过渡到不能解决又该怎么办的问题上来。也就是说，如果当事人无力解决现实问题，那就应该想别的办法来应对自己的情绪。从词法方面而言，[A]anything，[B]everything和[D]something都正确，所以可同时排除。

15． 【C15】 A．choose between B．decide among C．reach into D．think about

正确答案：C

解析：短语辨析题。针对情绪问题，米妮妮列举了一些自我调适的办法，并建议读者将这些办法想象成工具箱中的各种工具。心情不好时，便可将手伸进工具箱，选择合适的工具来使用。[C]reach into是个固定的动词短语，如：He reached into the bag and took out a book．选项[A][B][D]均不符合句意。

16． 【C16】 A．comforting B．comforted C．comfortable D．comfort

正确答案：A

解析：词汇辨析题。如果说把一些方法视为抽象版的工具的话，那么手可触碰到的物体就是不折不扣的工具了。在这个real toolkit里，作者建议装进能够缓解压力、放松心情的各种物品。[A]comforting是现在分词，可作定语，意思是“让……受到安慰的；使……放松心情的”，偏向于精神层面；[B]comforted是过去分词，可作定语，意思是“受到安慰的”；[C]comfortable是形容词，常与bed；bedroom；clothes；seat；shoes等用品连用，意思是“(穿／住／用起来很)舒适的”，偏向于物质层面；[D]comfort可用作名词性定语，除了极个别的历史学术语外，只用于短语comfort food，意思是“让人心情愉悦的食物”。通过辨析可知，正确答案是[A]comforting。

17． 【C17】 A．exhilarated B．happy C．jealous D．upset

正确答案：D

解析：词汇辨析题。[A]exhilarated“欣喜若狂的”；[B]happy“高兴的”；[C]jealous“嫉妒的”；[D]upset“沮丧的”。该句的意思是“在你沮丧时可以给名单上的人打电话”。[D]upset是正确答案。

18． 【C18】 A．stay B．stick C．vary

D．value

正确答案：C 解析：词汇辨析题。[A]stay with“和……待在一起”;[B]stick用作动词是“坚持；坚守”之意，所搭配的介词是to，不是with；[C]vary“变化”，用于短语“vary with…”中，意思是“因……而异”，符合句意，是正确答案；[D]value用作及物动词，是“珍视；珍惜”之意，一般不与with搭配。

19． 【C19】 A．bad B．worse C．fine D．better

正确答案：D

解析：语义关系题。前文介绍说缓解紧张情绪的方法因人而异，对有些人而言，跑步有奇效。从语义关系上判断，下一句应该进行对比：对另一些人来说，冥想则更有效。据此可排除[A]bad和[B]worse选项。在[C]fine和[D]better选项之间，后者更加恰当，因为fine的语气不如better强烈有力。

20． 【C20】 A．how B．what C．why D．whether

正确答案：B

解析：词义辨析题。该句中介词for引导的是一个宾语从句，意思是“展现情绪的本来面目”。此宾语从句缺少疑问代词what，故选项[B]what是正确答案。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

The coast of the state of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial activity of the ice age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting

inlets and lagoons of contorted grottos and nooks. The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier. Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water, seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recendy though, Bar Harbor has become a burgeoning arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the flora and fauna of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine plants. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling , and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Adantic seaboard. From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier.

21． Which of the following lists of topics best outlines the information in the selection?

A．Ice-age glacial activity The Islands of Casco Bay Formation of Cadillac Mountain Summer residents of Mt. Desert Island

B．Formation of a drowned coastline The topography of Mt. Desert Island The environment of Mt. Desert Island Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island

C．Mapping the Maine coasdineThe arts community at Bar HarborHistory of the National Park System Climbing Cadillac Mountain

D．The effect of glaciers on small islands Stone-age dwellers on Mt. Desert Island The importance of biodiversity Hiking in Acadia National Park

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。全文通篇讲述了淹没的海岸线的形成以及Mt．Desert Island的地形地貌、环境和旅游景点。选项[A]只涉及文中部分内容；选项[B]包括了选文的主要内容；选项[C]涉及文中部分内容，但History of the National Park System文中并未涉及；选项[D]所列内容未出现在文中。因此正确答案是[B]。

22． According to the selection, a large number of small islands along the coast of Maine are the result of______.

A．glaciers forcing a mountain range into the sea

B．Maine’s location between the temperate and sub-Arctic zones C．the irregularity of the Maine coast

D．the need for summer communities for wealthy tourists and artists

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到第二段。根据第二段第二句可以判断形成大量小岛的原因是冰川压迫山脉下沉到海中，即选项[A]。选项[B][C]在文中虽有提及，但并不是形成诸多岛屿的原因，选项[D]文中并未提及。因此正确答案是[A]。

23． According to the selection, the coast of Maine is______. A．2,500 miles long B．3,500 miles long C．225 miles long D．235 miles long

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到第三段。该段第一句提到了缅因州海岸线的长度是2 500英里. 第一段中提到的225英里指的是从北到南的直线距离，并非海岸线长度，因此选项[C]错误，选项[B][p]不正确。正确答案是[A]。

24． The content of the fourth paragraph indicates that the writer believes that______.

A．the continued existence of national parks is threatened by budget cuts

B．the best way to preserve the environment on Mt. Desert Island is to limit the number of visitors

C．national parks allow large numbers of people to visit and learn about interesting wilderness areas

D．Mt. Desert Island is the most interesting tourist attraction in Maine

正确答案：C 解析：推理题。根据题干定位到第四段。该段主要讨论了Acadia National Park的旅游情况，其中提到该国家公园的落成使得大量游客可以来参观游览。选项[A][B][D]文中均未提及，因此正确答案是[C]。

25． Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the fourth paragraph of the selection?

A．The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves. B．Acadia National Park is one of the smallest of the national parks.

C．On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the year-round residents and the summer tourists.

D．Due to its location and environment, Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly

diverse animal and plant life.

正确答案：D

解析：主旨题。第四段中主要讲述的是Mt．Desert Island由于其地理位置以及环境的影响，岛上拥有丰富的动植物资源。选项[A][B][C]均未出现在第四段，只有选项[D]正确。

The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved around eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil, if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good eris occured when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble. One myth that expresses this concept of bad eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone. . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury, Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous feud between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legitimate heirs to the throne. Hence, when we are told,” If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us. . . with a vengeance! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.

26． According to the passage, the ancient Greeks believed that the concept of eris defined the universe______.

A．as a hostile, violent place B．as a condition of opposites

C．as a series of problems

D．as a mixture of gods and man

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第二句。该句大意为，古希腊人相信世界以对立的形式存在。选项[A]只提到了bad eris；选项[C]只涉及人类生活，没有包括整个宇宙(universe)；选项[D]在文中未涉及。因此，正确答案是[B]。

27． Most specifically, bad eris is defined in the passage as______. A．the violent conditions of life B．the problems man encounters

C．the evil goddess who has a golden apple D．the murderer of generations

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到第一段第六句。该句大意为，恶的厄里斯会在极端的境况下冒出来，并控制人们的生活。选项[B]只涉及了人类生活中出现的问题而没有包括整个宇宙(universe)；选项[C]只涉及了以一位女神为化身的具体的某一方面，不够全面；选项[D]在文中没有涉及。因此，正确答案是[A]。

28． It can be inferred that Zeus married Thetis off because______. A．he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind

B．he feared the gods would create bad eris by competing over her C．he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her

D．he feared having an affair with her and, subsequently, a child by her

正确答案：D

解析：推断题。根据题干定位到第二段第三句。该句大意为，(宙斯)为了避免被自己的儿子摧毁，他说服忒提斯与凡人结婚，这样他们的孩子将无法挑战神族。根据前一句可知，忒提斯将生出一个拥有强大力量，能摧毁其父亲的孩子，因此宙斯为了避免与忒提斯发生关系生下孩子，所以让忒提斯与凡人结婚生子，那么他自己(宙斯)就可以避免被他们生的孩子摧毁，因为他不是孩子的父亲。选项[|A][B][C]均不正确，正确答案是[D]。

29． It can also be inferred that Zeus did not fear a child sired by King Peleus because______.

A．he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus B．he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War

C．he knew that no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal god

D．he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else

正确答案：C

解析：推断题。根据上一题可以推断，凡人的孩子是不可能威胁到神的，因

此宙斯觉得无论凡人的孩子多么强大，也不可能威胁到永生的神。因此，正确答案是[C]，其他选项文中未涉及。

30． According to the passage, Achilles______. A．defeated Zeus during the Trojan War B．dies during the Trojan War

C．was born 20 years after the war because of the disruption Eris caused at the wedding

D．was the illegitimate son of Peleus

正确答案：B

解析：推论题。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句。该句大意为，厄里斯由此摧毁了这对夫妇未来的希望，使之失去王位的合法继承人，由此可知，阿基里斯是忒提斯和珀琉斯的儿子，并死于特洛伊战争。选项[A]文中未提及；选项[C]错误，因为厄里斯有意制造了这场金苹果纷争并导致了后来那场毁掉阿基里斯的特洛伊战争；选项[D]错误，因为阿基里斯是忒提斯和珀琉斯正式结婚后生下的孩子，并不是私生子。因此正确答案是[B]。

The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting. At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body’s immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule, the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation, this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader. Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen. Antigens are not to be confused with allergens, which are most often harmless substances ( such as ragweed pollen or cat hair) that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another

individual ( except an identical twin, whose cells carry identical selfmarkers) also act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, non-antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes, which protrude from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry several hundred. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be a so-called autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosis. The painful side effects of these diseases are caused by a person’s immune system actually attacking itself.

31． What is the analogy used to describe the communications network among the cells in the immune system?

A．The immune system’s memory.

B．Immune troops eliminating intruders. C．Bees swarming around a hive. D．A sea of microbes.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段第三句。该句大意为，这些细胞组成集合和子集，像成群结队的蜜蜂聚在蜂巢周围一样传达和接收信息。因此，可以判断正确答案是[C]。

32． After you have had the chicken pox, your immune system will be able to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A．prevent your offspring from infection by the chicken pox virus

B．distinguish between your body cells and that of the chicken pox virus C．remember previous experiences with the chicken pox virus

D．match up and counteract non-self molecules in the form of the chicken pox virus

正确答案：A

解析：推断题。根据题干可以定位到第二段。该段后半部分主要讲述了我们的免疫系统是如何防御入侵细胞的。选项[B][C][D]在文中均提到，只有[A]未涉及，因此正确答案是[A]。

33． How do the cells in the immune system recognize an antigen as foreign or non-self?

A．Through an allergic response. B．Through blood type.

C．Through fine hairs protruding from the antigen surface. D．Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据题干可以定位到最后一段。该段第六句大意为，一个抗原的异质性是通过一种错综的和特有的形态被证实的，这种形态叫做抗原决定基。因此可以判断正确答案是[D]。

34． Why would tissue transplanted from father to daughter have a greater risk of being detected as foreign than a tissue transplanted between identical twins?

A．The age of the twins’ tissue would be the same and, therefore, less likely to be rejected.

B．The identical twin’s tissue would carry the same self-markers and would, therefore, be less likely to be rejected.

C．The difference in the sex of the father and daughter would cause the tissue to be rejected by the daughter’s immune system.

D．The twins’ immune systems would remember the same encounters with childhood illnesses.

正确答案：B

解析：推论题。根据题干可以定位到最后一段。该段第四句提到，异体身上的组织和细胞(除了同卵双胞胎，因为他们的细胞带有相同的同类标记)都可以是抗原。由此得出的推论是，父女之间的组织移植相比起同卵双胞胎之间的移植，更可能会被免疫系统认定为异体组织。因此，正确答案为[B]。

35． Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? A．An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.

B．The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and non-self.

C．One of the immune system’s primary functions is the allergic response. D．The human body presents an opportune habitat for microbes.

正确答案：B

解析：主旨题。全文第一段引出了免疫系统的工作原理，并在第二段主要讨论了该系统如何区分自身细胞和外来细胞这一能力，在最后一段重点阐述了免疫功能中抗原的活动情况。因此，正确答案是[B]。选项[A][C][D]在文中均有涉及，但并非全文围绕的中心话题。

Glaciers consist of fallen snow that compresses over many years into large, thickened ice masses. Most of the world’s glacial ice is found in Antarctica and Greenland, but glaciers are found on nearly every continent, even Africa. Presently, 10% of land area is covered with glaciers. Glacial ice often appears blue because ice absorbs all other colors but reflects blue. Almost 90% of an iceberg is below water; only about 10% shows above water. What makes glaciers unique is their ability to

move. Due to sheer mass, glaciers flow like very slow rivers. Some glaciers are as small as football fields, whereas others grow to be over 100 kilometers long. Within the past 750, 000 years, scientists know that there have been eight Ice Age cycles, separated by warmer periods called interglacial periods. Currently, the earth is nearing the end of an interglacial, meaning that another Ice Age is due in a few thousand years. This is part of the normal climate variation cycle. Greenhouse warming may delay the onset of another glacial era, but scientists still have many questions to answer about climate change. Although glaciers change very slowly over long periods, they may provide important global climate change signals. The girth of the ice, combined with gravity’s influence, causes glaciers to flow very slowly. Once a mass of compressed ice reaches a critical thickness of about 18 meters thick, it becomes so heavy that it begins to deform and move. Ice may flow down mountains and valleys, fan across plains, or spread out to sea. Movement along the underside of a glacier is slower than movement at the top due to the friction created as it slides along the ground’s surface. Most glaciers are found in remote mountainous areas. However, some found near cities or towns present a danger to the people living nearby. On land, lakes formed on top of a glacier during the melt season may cause floods. At the narrow part of a valley glacier, ice falling from the glacier presents a hazard to hikers below. When ice breaks off over the ocean, an iceberg is formed. Glaciers are a natural resource and contain 75% of the world’s freshwater. People worldwide are trying to harness the power of these frozen streams. Some towns rely on glacial melting from a nearby ice cap to provide drinking water. Some farmers spread soil or ashes over snow to promote melting, hoping that the melting will provide water to irrigate crops in drought-stricken areas. Others have channeled meltwater from glaciers to their fields. Scientists and engineers have worked together to tap into glacial resources, using electricity that has been generated in part by damming glacial meltwater.

36． According to the passage, what is a negative effect of living too close to a glacier?

A．The mass of the glacier reaches a critical thickness. B．About 10% of a glacier shows above water.

C．Spreading dark material over snow promotes melting. D．Lakes formed on top of glaciers may cause floods.

正确答案：D

解析：信息筛选题。选项[A][B][C]在文中均提到，但不符合题目中negative effect的要求，因此只有选项[D]冰川顶部形成的湖泊会导致洪水属于负面影响。故正确答案是[D]。

37． According to the passage, where can glaciers be found? A．Only on Antarctica.

B．Only Greenland and Alaska.

C．On nearly every continent.

D．Only the north and south poles.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段第二句后半部分。该句提到，几乎每个大陆都有冰川，甚至包括非洲。因此，正确答案为[C]。

38． According to the passage, why does glacial ice often appear blue? A．Because it does not absorb the color blue.

B．Because it absorbs all other colors but reflects blue.

C．Because it does not absorb all other colors including blue. D．Because it is blue in color.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段第四句。该句提到，冰川通常呈蓝色，这是因为冰吸收了其他所有颜色而单单反射蓝色。只有选项[B]符合，故正确答案为[B]。

39． After reading the passage, what can one conclude about glaciers? A．There will not be another Ice Age coming.

B．Glaciers have both negative and positive effects on human life. C．Scientists have difficulty studying glaciers.

D．Scientists have minimal data on the formation of glaciers.

正确答案：B

解析：推论题。本文通篇讲述了冰川的形成、变化以及给人类生活带来的各种影响。选项[A]文中未涉及；选项[B]符合全文信息总结后得出的结论；选项[C]虽有涉及(第二段后半部分提到，温室效应可能会推迟另一个冰河时代的到来，但气候变化方面的诸多问题仍然有待科学家们回答。)但并非可以通过全文得出的结论；选项[D]文中未涉及。因此，正确答案为[B]。

40． After reading the passage, what can one infer about glaciers? A．Further exploration is needed to tap the power of glacial ice in fueling electric energy.

B．With variations in climate, glaciers shrink and expand.

C．Glaciers form in cold regions where the rate of snowfall is greater than the melting rate of snow.

D．Glaciers are usually bordered at the sides by rock debris.

正确答案：A

解析：推论题。文中最后一段提到诸多冰川可以造福人类，其中提到，科学家和工程师们齐心协力开发冰川资源，所使用的电力部分来自冰川融水。由此可以推论，今后人们可以在开发利用冰川供电方面作出探索。选项[A]符合这一点；选项[B]提到的气候与冰川之间的关系在第二段有所涉及，但这一推断太过肯定，

不符合原文；选项[C]文中未涉及；选项[D]文中未涉及。因此，正确答案是[A]。

Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list[A]to[G]for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points)[A]Prepare for temptation. [B]Stay organized. [C]Prioritize your assignments. [D]Focus on what you do. [E]Find a productive study environment. [F]Study effectively. [G]Make a detailed schedule. When it comes to studying, managing your time is of the uttermost importance. You should determine how much time spent studying is enough, which varies from student to student and from one class to another. The following are some helpful tips on better managing your time. 【R1】______ Instead of just determining time to study in your head, make a subject-specific calendar and mark is so you can be reminded effectively. You will be more likely to follow through with your study plan if it is clearly marked on your calendar. Making a schedule and sticking to it will allow you to develop a routine that you can easily follow. Remember, you will have to revise your study schedule each semester to accommodate your class schedule and your other changing commitments. 【R2】______ Sorting out your assignments is a good way to ensure you spend the appropriate amount of time studying for each class or subject. Devote more time to studying subjects that are new to you or those in which your grade needs improvement. Also, remember to study the harder subjects first so that you tackle them with a fresh mind. Additionally, you should organize your studies with important tests or exams in mind. 【R3】______ You will inevitably be driven to distraction at some point, but don’t get discouraged. Rather, learn from your mistakes, and look for patterns in the times you put off studying. Additionally, establish a way to reward yourself with fun activities after you finish a study session. This will give you the extra boost of energy to accomplish what you need to so you can enjoy spending time with your friends and family. 【R4】______ All students have a place where they are able to stay on task and maximize their time. Actually, some students find it ideal to study in a coffee shop or another place where there is background noise. Some students become more distracted when they study alone because there is no accountability. If you tend to stay on task when there are other students around who are devoting time exclusively to studying, go to these places at the right time. 【R5】______ Since you will be enrolled in several classes at a time, it is important that you systematize your class and study materials in a way that makes it easy to access them. Find a method that works for you, such as using a separate binder or folder for each class. Also, you don’t want to interrupt your study session by searching your room for flash cards or notes. If you are taking online courses, figure out how to avoid wasting time sifting through your hard drive for course materials.

41． 【R1】

正确答案：G

解析：本文介绍如何做好时间管理，以确保高效而愉快地度过学生生涯。借助关键词、理清逻辑关系是选对小标题的关键。第二段讲述了制定详细学习计划的重要性，因为这是“从头到尾执行你的学习计划(follow through with your study plan)”的先决条件。选项[G]“制定一个详细的计划”是正确答案。

42． 【R2】

正确答案：C

解析：本段中的sorting out appropriate amount of time，study…first等重点短语提供了有价值的选择线索，要“将任务归类”，分辨轻重缓急，学习时就不会眉毛胡子一把抓了。

43． 【R3】

正确答案：A 解析：“走神；注意力转移(distraction)”是人之常情，只要找出原因、找到规律便能抵御“诱惑(temptation)”，学习生活两不误。

44． 【R4】

正确答案：E

解析：本段介绍选择学习环境也是因人而异的，关键是如何才能让自己“专注并且效率最大化(stay on task and maximize their time)”。举例说明选对an ideal place to study in是何其重要。

45． 【R5】

正确答案：B

解析：课程多，所学内容繁杂，学习生涯的苦与乐众所周知。如何才能做到忙而不乱、有条不紊，这也是时间管理的重要课题。systematize your class and study materials，avoid wasting timesifting through your hard drive等方法和目的均提示着stay organized是正确答案。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． Artificial intelligence was a catchword at the Summer Davos forum in Dalian, Liaoning province, which concluded on Thursday. While participants from the academia, governments and the corporate sector had in-depth discussions on the future of AI technology at the three-day event, consultancy companies released reports highlighting the economic benefits of AI for China and the world at large.

However, history tells us that, while technological advancements have brought us benefits, they have also led to great social upheavals, by, for example, changing the production and labor structures, and forcing many workers to either adapt to the changes or lose their jobs. In the 18th century, for instance , skilled workers rose up in revolt to resist the Industrial Revolution, with their protests culminating in movement that saw textile workers destroying machinery. We may not see similar protests today, but history should serve as a warning against the indiscriminate development and application of AI technology. While we may gain a lot of benefits from AI, we must work out plans to offset its negative impact on society, especially for workers.

正确答案： 周四在辽宁省大连市举办的夏季达沃斯论坛上，人工智能是一个热词。在为期三天的会议中，来自学术界、政府和企业界的人士对人工智能技术的未来进行了深人探讨，咨询公司发布的报告突显了人工智能将为中国乃至整个世界带来的经济效益。 然而，历史告诉我们，虽然技术进步给我们带来了好处，但也导致了巨大的社会动荡，例如，技术进步改变了生产和劳动力结构，迫使许多工人要么适应变化，要么失去工作。例如在18世纪，技术工人起来反抗工业革命，他们的抗议活动最终达到高潮，纺织工人们将机械破坏。我们今天可能不会看到类似的抗议活动，但历史应该作为一种警告，我们对人工智能不能不加鉴别地开发和应用。虽然我们可以从人工智能中获得很多益处，但我们必须制定计划，以抵消其对社会，特别是对工人的负面影响。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

47． You have bought a camera from a department store last weekend but several problems arise as you use it. Write to the customer service department to complain about this and give your suggestions about how to fix the problem. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

正确答案：Dear Manager, I am writing to complain about the quality of the digital camera I bought last weekend at your department store. The camera has been in my possession for five days, problems have emerged one after another. For one thing, the brightness of the screen can not be adjusted, making the camera no different from a traditional one. For another, the battery is distressing as it supports the camera’s operation for only two hours. Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another camera or declare a refund. I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention. Yours, Li Ming

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)

48． Write an essay based on the following table. You should1) describe the table and2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

正确答案： The table compares top four languages in terms of the number of people who use them on the Internet; English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic. Statistics indicate that more than 870 million netizens worldwide use English, accounting for 25. 9%. In comparison, more than 700 million people prefer Chinese when surfing the Internet, comprising 20. 9%. The total number of web users relying on English and Chinese amounts to 46. 8%, which makes both arguably the most influential languages around the globe. Obviously, as a lingua franca, English is more widely used than any language since it still embodies the essence of advanced technology and mainstream culture. The number of Chinese native speakers has surpassed the 1. 3 billion mark, but only total half of the netizens using Chinese. Language, in a broad sense, is unique to human society. Nevertheless, the popularity varies with each language. As China continues to accelerate the structural reform of its economy and strengthen its cross-cultural communication with other parts of the world, I am sure that the number of Chinese users in cyberspace will soon exceed that of English users.