重点词汇
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ革新ꢀꢀ 1.innovationꢀn.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ ,创新
2.clarityꢀn.ꢀ清ꢀꢀꢀ楚ꢀꢀꢀꢀ,ꢀ清晰ꢀꢀ 3.fluencyꢀn.ꢀ流畅ꢀꢀ,熟ꢀꢀꢀ练ꢀꢀ
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ变化,发展ꢀ 4.progression.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
ꢀ原则;行为准则ꢀ
5.principleꢀn.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
7.politicsꢀn.ꢀ政治ꢀꢀ ,政治活动ꢀ
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ不积极的,不主动的ꢀ
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ 8.contrastꢀn. 6.unmotivatadj.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ 异ꢀ,差别ꢀꢀꢀvꢀꢀtꢀ.ꢀꢀ形成ꢀ对ꢀ比ꢀ 差 ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ动力,ꢀ积极性ꢀ ꢀ
9.motivationn.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
10.ꢀinꢀvitꢀatiꢀonꢀn.邀请ꢀ 11.ꢀorꢀgaꢀnisꢀeꢀvt.组织,筹划ꢀ 12.ꢀbeꢀhaꢀlfꢀꢀꢀn.代表……ꢀ 13.ꢀtoꢀpicꢀꢀn.话题,题目ꢀ 14.ꢀcoꢀmꢀpeꢀtitoꢀrꢀn.选手,参赛者ꢀ 15.ꢀenꢀgaꢀgeꢀmꢀentꢀn.参与ꢀ 16.ꢀsiꢀncꢀereꢀlyꢀꢀadv.真诚地,由衷地ꢀ 17.ꢀbeꢀloꢀngꢀvt.属于ꢀ 18.ꢀapꢀprꢀovꢀalꢀꢀn.赞许;同意ꢀ 19.ꢀdeꢀfeꢀndꢀꢀvi.&ꢀvt.保护,保卫ꢀ
重点短语
1.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ代表某人 onbehalfꢀofꢀsb ꢀ ꢀ2.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ到目前为止,迄今为止ꢀ soꢀfar ꢀ 3.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ占据takeꢀupꢀ ꢀ 4.inꢀꢀcontrastꢀtoꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ 对ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ与……比
重点句式
1.Peer pressure can happen when we are influenced to do somethingthat we would not usually do because we want to be accepted by ourpeers.
2.When feeling bad or stressed,introverts look inside themselves forenergy and motivation.
Ⅱ.阅读导学
A.阅读P21课文,搭配段落大意。 1.Paragraphꢀ1ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ 2.Paragraphꢀ2ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ 3.Paragraphꢀ3ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ 4.Paragraphꢀ4ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ A.Waysꢀofꢀpeerꢀpressure’sꢀinfluence. B.Bullyingꢀfromꢀpeerꢀpressure. C.Definitionꢀofꢀpeerꢀpressure. D.Solutionsꢀtoꢀpeerꢀpressure. 答案:ꢀCABDꢀ
B.根据P22-23课文内容,选择正确答案。
1.What do we know about introverts according to the text?A.Sociable.ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀB.Talkative.C.Self-confident.D.Reserved.答案:Dꢀ
2.Why do extroverts tend to go shopping when feeling bad?A.They like to act first, and then think later.B.They enjoy being surrounded by people.C.They tend to speak freely before analyzing.D.They prefer to spend money with other people.答案:Bꢀ
3.What do introverts typically do?A.Managers.B.Teachers.C.Inventors.D.Politics.答案:Cꢀ
4.What can we safely say about introverts and extroverts?A.Both of them are made not born.
B.Introverts lead a happier life than extroverts.C.Different cultures value personalities differently.D.Neither of them is influenced by the environment.答案:Cꢀ
重点词汇
1.Imagine you are going toorganisean English Drama Competitionin your school or an English Poem Recitation in your class.想象一下,你将在学校组织一场英语戏剧比赛,或者在你的课堂上组织一场英语诗歌背诵课。(P18)
【词汇精讲】在本句中organise用作动词,意为“组织,筹划”,美式英语写成organize。
We will organisewine tasting parties for you.我们可以为你组织红酒品尝会。
I need toorganisea driver for tomorrow.我得为明天(的活动)安排一个司机。
【词汇拓展】
organise sb/sth into sth把……组成……organised adj.有组织的,系统的organiser n.组织者,安排者organisationn.组织;机构
We’ll organisesome students intothe basketball team.我们将组织一些学生参加篮球队。
They have established a student organisation.他们建立了一个学生组织。
2.I am writingonbehalfofthe school’s Student Union.我代表学校学生会写信。(P18)
【词汇精讲】在本句中on behalf of意为“代表”。Onbehalfofmy colleagues and myself I thank you.我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
They worked hard all their livesonbehalfofthe poor.他们毕生为穷人的利益而辛劳。
3.Competitorsshould be judged on their pronunciation,clarity andfluency,and also progressionof ideas and audience engagement.评判标准应该是参赛者的发音、清晰度和流畅度,以及创意和观众参与度的进展情况。(P18)
【词汇精讲1】在本句中competitor用作名词,意为“选手,参赛者”,还可以意为“竞争者;对手”。
That company is a strongcompetitorof us.那个公司是我们强有力的竞争对手。
The firm has better products than itscompetitors.这家公司的产品比其对手的好。
【词汇拓展1】
compete vi.比赛,竞争compete in参加……比赛
compete for为争取……而竞争compete with/against sb同某人竞争competitionn.竞争
competitiveadj.竞争的,有竞争力的
It would never win a prize in a cookingcompetition,but it wassurprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of the soup.
在烹饪比赛中它永远不可能得大奖,但这汤却好喝得难以置信,我们喝得一滴不剩。
China has to competewithother countries for the world market.中国必须与其他国家竞争国际市场。
The two friendscompetesforthe position of monitor.那两位朋友在当班长一事上是竞争对手。
Life in the USA wascompetitiveand offered endless opportunities aswell.
美国的生活竞争性很强,也提供无数的机会。
【词汇精讲2】在本句中progression用作名词,意为“变化,发展”。What China is going through is naturalprogressionfor the economy.中国正在经历的是经济的自然发展。
【词汇拓展2】
progress n.进步;发展;前进ꢀv.进步;发展;缓速前进;促进 in progress进行中
progress in/with在……方面取得进展 progress to进入……
The student is showing rapidprogressin his studies.这个学生学习上进步很快。
He continues to progressinhis studies.他的学业继续取得进步。
Progressingtoyour next point,I think we may safely forget such asilly idea.
倘若我们转入你的下一个论点,我想我们可能会把这样一个愚蠢的 看法抛在脑后的。
【词汇精讲3】在本句中engagement用作名词,意为“参与”,还可以意为“ 约会;约定;订婚;婚约;雇用;交战”。I have numerous engagementsfor next year.我明年有许多约会。
Theirengagementwas announced in the papers.他们订婚的消息登报了。
【词汇拓展3】
engagement for……的约会
engagement with sb与某人的约会
engage v.雇佣;与……交战;答应;订婚;预定;参加;从事engaged adj.忙碌的;已订婚的engage in参加;从事;忙于be engaged to订婚
The restaurant decided toengagea pop singer.餐馆决定雇用一名流行歌手。
The general tried to avoid anengagementwiththe enemy.那位将军竭力避免与敌军交战。I have no time toengageinthe debate.我没时间参加辩论。
4.We would not takeuptoo much of your time.我们不会占用你太多的时间。(P18)
【词汇精讲】在本句中take up意为“占据(时间或空间)”,还可以意为“拿起;开始;从事;继续做”。
She tookupthe receiver and began to dial the number.她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。
It is necessary for us to takeupproductive labour.我们需要从事生产劳动。
【词汇拓展】take over夺取;接管
take over to移交;遗留给take along随身带着take away带走,使离去
take in接纳;收容;消化;吸收;理解;欺骗take off脱;去掉;起飞;(事业)蓬勃发展take out拿出,取出take after与……相像
take on呈现;具有;担任(工作);承担(责任);雇用take back退回;收回;接回take to爱;喜欢;沉迷于
In 89 BC,the Romans tookoverPompeii.在公元前89年,罗马人占领了庞培城。
He did not takeinwhat he read because his mind was on somethingelse.
因为他心不在焉,所以不知道自己在读些什么。
5.We all want to be part of a group and feel like webelongtoourcommunity.我们都想成为一个团体的一员,并感到我们属于我们的社区。(P21)
【词汇精讲】在本句中belong to意为“属于”。
A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain mostpeople belongtomiddle class.
一项最近的民意调查显示,在现代英国,大多数人都属于中产阶级。Replace anything thatbelongstoyour neighbour that you, yourchildren, or your pets break or soil.
如果你、你的孩子或你的宠物把属于你邻居的任何东西损坏或弄脏,你要赔偿。
【词汇拓展】
(1)belong to无进行时态。
My brother is belonging to the school football team now.(误)My brother belongs to the school football team now.(正)我的弟弟现在是学校足球队的一员。
(2)belong to无被动语态,也不用过去分词表示被动。The tiger is belonged to the cat family.(误)The tiger belongs to the cat family.(正)老虎属猫科动物。
(3)belong to不接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。The diamond necklace belongs to mine.(误)The diamond necklace belongs to me.(正)这条钻石项链是我的。
The new bicycle belongs to my sister’s.(误)The new bicycle belongs to my sister.(正)这辆新自行车是我妹妹的。
6.People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may bemore likely to seek their peers’approvalby going along with riskysuggestions or choosing the “wrong” path.那些缺乏自信和不自信的人更有可能通过采纳有风险的建议或选择“错误”的道路来寻求同伴的认可。(P21)
【词汇精讲】在本句中approval用作名词,意为“赞许;同意”,还可以意为“批准;认可”。
We should submit our plans to the council forapproval.我们应该向理事会提交计划以求批准。Your approvalgives me much gratification.承蒙认可,我非常高兴。
【词汇拓展】
approve v.批准;赞成;同意;称许approve of赞成,赞许;认可
disapprove v.不赞成;不同意;不批准
Her father will neverapproveofher marriage to Tom.她的父亲决不会赞成她同汤姆结婚。
His appointment has not been formallyapprovedyet.他的任命还没有得到正式批准。
7.Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer groupand whom the group is unlikely todefend.恶霸挑容易的目标——同龄群体外的人以及该团伙不太可能保护的人。(P21)
【词汇精讲】在本句中defend用作动词,意为“保护,保卫”,还可以意为“辩护”。
Some players are better atdefending.有些运动员较擅长打防守。
He undertook todefendthis attitude.他开始为这一态度辩护。
【词汇拓展】
defend...from/against...保护……使不受……,为……辩护defend oneself自卫
defence n.防御;辩护;防务in defence of为……辩护;防卫in one’s defence为某人辩护
I don’t like to argue,butindefenceofthe Venice Film Festival,I haveto point out that we don’t just have Hollywood films.
我不想争论,但是我得为威尼斯电影节说句话,我得指出的是我们有的不只是好莱坞影片。
8.Incontrasttoextroverts,they value fewer,but deeper experiences.与外向的人相比,他们看重更少但更深刻的经历。(P22)【词汇精讲】在本句中in contrast to意为“与……对比”。
Incontrasttohis usual manner,Jackson began quietly, in an almostkind voice.
杰克逊一反他往常的作风,平和地、用一种几乎是与人为善的声音开始讲话。
He looks healthierincontrasttohis former self.他与以前相比,显得更健康些。
【词汇拓展】
当无比较对象时,还可以写成in contrast; in还可以被by取代,构成by/in contrast,意为“相反;相比之下”。
Incontrast,others insist on reading extensively.与此相反,其他人坚持广泛阅读。
Mr Caruso,bycontrast,looks to the past.相反,卡鲁索先生放眼过去。
contrast后面常接to,偶尔也接with,表示“对比或相反的东西”。Black is a contrastto/withwhite.黑与白是对立的。
in contrast with和in contrast to的区别:两者均可以解释为“和……做对比”,但后者的用法较为普遍。
This is incontrastwithprevious policies.这和先前的政策形成对比。
重点句式
1.Peerpressurecanhappenwhenweareinfluencedtodo
somethingthatwewouldnotusuallydobecausewewanttobe acceptedbyourpeers.当我们被影响去做一些我们通常不会做的事情时,因为我们想要被我们的同伴接受,同辈压力就会发生。(P21)
【句式剖析】这是一个主从复合句。句中when引导一个时间状语从句;that引导定语从句;because引导原因状语从句。本句中引导定语从句的that不能被which所取代,因为先行词something为不定代词。先行词为all、everything、nothing、something、anything、little、few、much等不定代词时,定语从句只能由that引导。All is not gold that glitters./All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不一定是黄金。
【句式拓展】下列情形也只能用that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词被all、each、few、much、every、no、some、any等不定代词修饰时。
All the books that you need are here.你所需要的书都在这儿。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
A contented mind is the greatest blessing(that)a man can enjoy in thisworld.
知足是人生在世最大的幸事。(3)先行词既有人又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。
(4)主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。Who is the man that is speaking over there?在那里说话的人是谁?
(5)先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时。The only thing that we have to fear is fear itself.我们唯一不得不害怕的就是害怕本身。(6)关系代词在从句中作表语时。
He is not the young man that he was thirty years ago.他已不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。
2.Whenfeelingbadorstressed,introvertslookinsidethemselves forenergyandmotivation.感觉不好或有压力时,内向的人会从内心寻找能量和动力。(P22-23)
【句式剖析】句中when引导一个省略形式的时间状语从句,补充完整为When they are feeling bad or stressed。如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,而且从句中含有be的某种形式时,可以把从句的主语和be一起省略。
I paid a visit to the Great Wall while (I was) in Beijing.我在北京期间参观了长城。
【句式拓展】
(1)当状语从句的主语和谓语是it is/was时,it is/was常被省略。You may turn to the dictionary when (it is) necessary.必要时你可以借助于字典。
(2)表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句中,如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致,就可将从句省略成“连词+分词”形式。“连词+现在分词”表示主动;“连词+ 过去分词”表示被动。
While (he was) waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of thebuilding.
在那里等待期间,他看见两个漂亮姑娘从大楼里走了出来。I will not attend his party unless (I am) invited.如果没有被邀请,我不会参加他的聚会。
文化意识
WhyRelationshipsMatter
Love is one of the most deep emotions known to humanbeings.There are many kinds of love,but many people seek itsexpression in a romantic relationship with a partner.
For many, romantic relationships consist of one of the most
meaningful aspects of life,providing a source of deep fulfillment.Theneed for human connection appears to be born—but the ability to formhealthy,loving relationships is learned.
Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationshipstarts to form in infancy (幼儿时期),in a child’s earliest experienceswith a caregiver who reliably meets the infant’s needs for
food,care,warmth,protection,stimulation,and social contact.Such
relationships are not destiny,but they are theorised to establish deeplyingrained patterns of relating to others.
Failed relationships happen for many reasons,and the failure of arelationship is often a source of great psychological anguish.Mostpeople have to work consciously to master the skills necessary tomake relationships endure and flourish.
高分写作 邀请信
一、审题定调
邀请信的内容主要包括邀请原因、活动地点和时间等,其特点是简短、热情,给人一种真诚、亲切的感觉。邀请信应使用第一人称, 双方的名字都要写全名;一定要表达希望对方参加的诚意,同时也希望对方给予答复。
二、谋篇布局
本写作任务可以分成三个部分。
第一部分:引入话题(开门见山,直接说出邀请的目的);
第二部分:具体介绍(邀请项目的时间、地点、方式、注意点等); 第三部分:表达期待。
三、写作模板Dear ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ,ꢀ
①I’m writing to invite you toꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ(邀请内容).②ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ (内容) will be held at/inꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ(地点) on ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ(日期
).③We would be honoured to have you there with us.ꢀ ④The occasion will start atꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ(具体时间).⑤This will befollowed by a ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ(进一步的安排).⑥At around ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ (时间),ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ(另一个安排).ꢀ
⑦We would appreciate it very much if you could accept ourinvitation.I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,Li Hua
四、组织语言
(1)I am very pleased to invite you to participate in...我非常高兴地邀请您参加……
(2)It is my pleasure/a great honour to invite you to...十分高兴/十分荣幸邀请您……
(3)Would you like to go swimming with me next Sunday?下个星期天你可以和我一起去游泳吗?
(4)I should be very glad if you would come to...如果您能来……我将非常高兴。
(5)It would be an honour to me if you would accept our invitation.如果您能接受我们的邀请,我将感到十分荣幸。
(6)I hope you’re not too busy to come.我期望您能在百忙之中抽空光临。
(7)We sincerely/faithfully hope you can attend...我们诚挚/真诚期待您能参加……
(8)We look forward to seeing you.期待您的光临。
(9)Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience.请尽早回复。
(10)If you can’t come,please let me know.如果您不能来,请通知我。
假定你是李华,你所在城市的一家剧院将在本周末举办一场京剧演出,外教Charlie对此很感兴趣并向你询问相关事宜。请你用英语给他写封邮件,内容包括:1.简要介绍京剧;2.邀请他前往观看。注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:京剧Peking Opera;脸谱facial make-up;选段selection
参考范文Dear Charlie,
I’m more than pleased to know that you are fond of Peking Opera.Aperformance of Peking Opera will be put on in a theater thisweekend.I’d like to share some relevant information with you.Peking Opera has a long history.Centered in Beijing,the opera hasmany types of facial make-ups,referring to different characters.Itsmusic and singing are unique and the costumes are graceful,whichhave typical Chinese characteristics.I believe you will love it.As the poster says,some popular selections will be performed thisweekend and some famous actors will show a visual feast to theaudience.So I invite you to go to the theater with me,where you canappreciate the performances.It will be well worth watching.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,Li Hua
Ⅰ.概要写作
根据P21课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文
Peer pressure can happen when we want to be accepted by our peers.(要点1)Peer pressure can affect our appearances and behaviours
because we don’t want to be different.(要点2) Peer pressure definitelyplays an important part in bullying.(要点3) To avoid peer pressure,westudents should build up self-confidence,surround ourselves withpositive role models and think about the consequences of theiractions.(要点4)
Ⅱ.课文语篇填空
Different people have different personality qualities.However,there aresome ꢀ1ꢀ(share) personality qualities,one ofꢀ2ꢀis betweenextroverts and introverts.ꢀ3ꢀthe one hand,extroverts are people wholook outwards.They areꢀ4ꢀ(friend),sociable,talkative,enthusiasticand self-confident.Typical extrovert jobsꢀ5ꢀ(be) inpolitics,sales,teaching and management.Introverts,onꢀ6ꢀother
hand,look inwards.They feel more comfortable alone and enjoy ideasand ꢀ7ꢀ(think).Introverts often work as artists,writers,engineersand ꢀ8ꢀ(invent).Some people say that extroverts and introverts areborn not made.Others believe that the environment is more importantin shaping ꢀ9ꢀ(one) personality.Studies have also found thatextroverts haveꢀ10ꢀ(high) happiness levels than introverts.ꢀ
答案:1.sharedꢀ2.whichꢀ3.Onꢀ4.friendlyꢀ5.areꢀ 6.theꢀ7.thinkingꢀ8.inventorsꢀ9.one’sꢀ10.higher
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