简单句，并列句
Simple Sentence & Compound Sentence
I本章要点
1.简单句的否定形式。 2.简单句的特殊疑问句形式。 3.简单句的否定疑问句形式。 4.简单句的反义疑问句形式。 5.简单句中的祈使句。 6.简单句中的感叹句。 7.并列句的常见考点分析。 II简单句语法点分述 定义
由一套主谓结构构成的句子叫简单句。
简单句分为4类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。
一、简单句的否定形式
1.全部否定：neither, neither…nor, none, nothing, nobody, no one a.两者之间用neither of, neither…nor 他们两人没人懂英语。 玛丽和约翰都不住在这里。
b.三者及以上用none of, nothing, nobody, no one 这些答案没有一个是对的。 没有人同意你所说的。
2.部分否定：both, all, many, every…not 他们两人不都去开会。 闪光的未必都是金子。 All that glitters is not gold.
3.使用否定副词表示否定，否定副词有：rarely, hardly, nearly, few, little, seldom, scarcely, never
我从来都不喜欢看《生活大爆炸》。 他几乎不会说英语。
4.否定转移，常常与believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think连用 我们相信他做不到。
We that he do it.（详见宾语从句中相关语法解析） 二、简单句的特殊疑问句形式
1.who, whose为句首作主语，本身已经是陈述句语序了。 Who is in the classroom? Whose father works in Beijing?
2.含有插入语的特殊疑问句的结构。
特殊疑问词+do you think/do you suppose/do you say+陈述句 When do you think he will come? （他会来） 你刚提到他是做什么工作的？ 三、简单句的否定疑问句形式
回答永远是以事实为依据，肯定yes, 否定no 她不是个医生吗？ 不，她是。
四、简单句的反义疑问句形式
1.回答原则：和否定疑问句一样，根据事实回答。 You are a boy, aren't you? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
_____________________________
_____________________________
2.提问原则：前肯后否、前否后肯。
Your mom hates Rock and Roll music, ________ ________?
3.含有have的动词反义疑问 a.have的反义疑问用法
解释为“有”时，反义疑问中用have/do的各类形式都可以 You have a car, ________ ________?
解释为“非有”，例如吃饭，喝水，遭受到，那必须用do/did等形式 She had her watch stolen, ________ ________?
b.had better的反义疑问用法
You had better take off your shoes, ________ ________?
4.There be句型的反义疑问用法
There won’t be any trouble, ________ ________?
5.used to的反义疑问句
He used to live in London, ________ ________? He used to live in LA, ________ ________?
（英式）
（美式）
6.never, hardly, seldom, few, little在句中出现表达的是否定含义，反义疑问要用肯定形式 He has few buddies on QQ, ________ ________?
7.something, anything, everything, nothing, this, that, 动名词以及不定式作主语时，反义疑问句中的代词使用it；everybody, nobody等做主语，代词使用they Getting up early is important, ________ ________? Everybody likes Raymond, ________ ________?
8.these, those做主语时，反义疑问句中的代词使用they These are not books, ________ ________?
9.我愿意wish句型，反义疑问句用may I wish to go home now, ________ ________?
10.I don’t think/believe/expect否定转移的反义疑问，跟从句走
I don’t think he can finish the work, ________ ________?
11.You don’t think / He doesn’t believe/They don’t expect仍然遵循前否后肯原则，后跟主语走 You think he can’t finish the work, ________ ________?
12.祈使句的反义疑问句 Let’s…, shall we? 其他祈使句,will you?
Open the window, ________ ________?
13.感叹句的反义疑问句，一律用be的一般现在时否定 What a funny man, ________ ________? 五、简单句中的祈使句 今日事今日毕。
好好努力，否则你考试会不及格的。 六、简单句中的感叹句
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词，公式如下： What+(a/an)+(adj.)+n.+S+V! How+adj./adv.+(the+n.)+v.!
★真题试炼★
1)The robot can help me sweep the floor. ______ smart invention it is! A. What
B. What a
C. What an
D. How
2)______ important it is for kids to imagine freely! A. What How
B. What a
C. What an
D.
七．并列句的常见考点分析
定义：并列句是由and, but, or, so, for把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
★小试身手★
1)They see the trees ____ not the forest. 2)We’re here anyway ____ that’s lucky. 3)You are not listening, ____ I’ll shut up.
4)There will still be difficulties ____ we can manage. 5)The sea can be blue ____ grey.
6)It must have rained last night, ____ the ground is wet. 7)Hurry ____ you will miss the train. 8)I said it ____ I mean it.
9)The play began at eight, ____ we must have dinner at seven. 10)The days were short, ____ it was now December. IIIReview
1.The boss doesn't allow the clerks to smoke in the office, ________? A) does he isn't he 2. it.
A) both, and 3. in
B) neither, nor D) not only, but also
I enjoy the popular dance \"hip-hop\
B) doesn't he
C) is he
D)
This city used to have many famous landmarks, ________ many of them were destroyed the war.
C) either, or
A) or 4. 5.
B) but C) and
D) so
B) and
C) but
I have tried many times to memorize the poem, ______ I always fail. D) so
______ William ______ Frank like the iPad because it has various functions and easy to
operate.
B) Either...or
A) or
A) Both...and C) Neither...nor 6. 7.
A) Who A) isn't he wasn't he 8.
D) Not only...but also
D) What
D)
______ do you think it is not a good idea to keep a pet dog?
B) Where B) hasn't he
C) Why
The sick man's allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, ______?
C) is he
Parents should always keep an eye on little children, ______ they can easily get hurt.
B) but
C) and
D)
A) so 9. 10.
or
We can hardly tell what life without the Internet will be like in the future, ________?
B) can't we
C) will it
D) won't it
-Tom doesn't know how to draw a comic row of pictures.
B) So am I.
C) Neither do I.
D)
A) can we
- ________ A) So do I. Neither am I. 11.
Jennifer has two children and ________ of them were born in winter.
B) either
C) both
D)
A) all neither 12. 13.
Terry did very well in the interview, ___ he got his dream job in IBM. A) for
B) so
C) but
D) or
Don't let such a thing happen again, ________ you will lose your job!
B) but
C) or
D)
A) and so 14. 15. 16.
Seven Job’s death marked the end of an era, ____?
B) didn't he
C) did it
D) didn't it
Tourists can enjoy wonderful views on ____sides of the Huangpu River. A) all last. A) so
B) and
C) but
D)
B) both
C) any
D) either
A) did he
All the boys came to make fun of Tom, ___they stayed to play games with him happily at
or
17. 18. 19. 20.
Old Mr. Black lives happily with his three dogs. _______of them are part of his family.
B) All
C) None
D) Neither
Tom rarely visits her aunt during work days, ______?
B) hasn't he
B) and
C) does he
D) doesn't he
Sonia never cleans ______ even offers to wash the dishes. How lazy he is!
C) so
D) or
The twins and their mother were very tired, but____of them would stop for a rest.
C) none
D) either
A) Both
A) has he A) but
A) both B) neither
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．为了宣传和弘扬中华优秀传统文化, 某双语杂志将举办征文活动来介绍中国的经典故事, “程门立雪(Stand in the snow to wait for Master Cheng respectfully)”是其中一个选题。请你根据下面的内容提示, 用英语写一篇短文参加此活动。 内容提示：
1. 杨时去拜见老师程颐一老师在睡觉一杨时在雪地等一老师醒来发现杨时在门口 2. 通过介绍这个故事, 发表你的看法或者观点。 要求：
1. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯：词数：100左右. 2. 不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称、老师和同学的真实姓名。
【答案】Long long ago, there was a man called Yangshi. Once he went to visit his teacher, Chengyi. Unfortunately, Mr. Cheng was sleeping in the room. He didn’t wake up the teacher. So he stood in front of the gate. At that moment, there were snowflakes flying over his head and it was very cold. But yangshi still stood in the snow until Mr. Cheng woke up. When the teacher woke up, the snow was very deep. Yangshi was like a snowman standing at the gate. Finally, the teacher was moved deeply.
After reading the story, I think we should respect our teacher. We should study hard. 【解析】 【详解】
这是一篇材料作文，主要介绍中国的经典故事, “程门立雪(Stand in the snow to wait for Master Cheng respectfully)”。目的是宣传和弘扬中华优秀传统文化。时态为一般过去时，灵活运用动词的过去式。作文要包含材料上的所有信息，通过介绍这个故事，发表看法或者观点。写作时，避免汉语式英语。注意固定搭配及主谓一致的问题，例如:There was/ were...注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，具有条理性。
3． “inspire” 一词的汉语解释是“激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感；或启发思考”等。请以 “The person who inspired me”为题写一篇不少于 80 词的短文，向校报的英语园地投稿。 要点： 1. What kind of person is he/ she？
2. How did he/ she inspire you？
要求： 1. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 2. 语言流畅，字迹清楚。 【答案】The person who inspired me
Many people around gave me deep impressions. They helped me, encouraged me and inspired me. But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wang Peng.
Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes. He doesn't talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face. He is warm-hearted and ready to help others. If I need any help for my math exercises, he is always the one that can help me out. As a good student, he studies very hard. In the early morning, you can see him stand near a tree and read English intensively. Few students can arrive at school as early as he is. He also does well in many sports, such as badminton and ping-pang. He got the first prize in last year's ping-pang competition.
You can see the good personality and the spirit of persistence in this small body. He is my idol and I wish I could be a student as good as he is. 【解析】 【详解】
这篇作文要求我们以The person who inspired me为题，介绍一个曾经激励过你的人。题目中用问题的形式给予了提示，审题可知，短文应包括两个部分的内容：首先介绍这个激励过你的人是谁，他是怎样的一个人；然后介绍他是如何激励你的。学生们可以这两个问题为提纲，发挥想象力，充实细节信息，组织语言，连贯成文。短文应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主来叙述，人称是第三人称和第一人称，注意谓语动词形式的变化。写作时应注意：首先要符合题目要求，包括题目中要求的所有信息，不能遗漏要点，可以适当发挥，注意上下文的衔接。其次应注意英语表达习惯和汉语的不同，不要按照汉语思维逐词翻译。应该从句子的整体结构入手，写完整的句子。可以简单句结构为主，辅以并列句、复合句。为提升文章档次，应使用高级词汇以及复杂结构。同时语句之间使用恰当的连接成分使文意连贯、自然。 【点睛】
这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，介绍了一个曾经激励过自己的人。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整，层次清晰，短文分三段，第一段先介绍了这个人是谁，第二段描写了这个人身上的品质以及对自己的应选；最后一段结尾。各部分内容安排合理，主次分明。其次短文中使用了正确的人称和时态，文章以第三人称和第一人称为主来叙述，主要使用了一般现在时和一般过去时，动词形式变化准确，注意了第三人称单数形式以及过去式形式的变化，语法规范。用词准确，语言得体，句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。短文中使用了一些较好的句型和短语，如But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wang Peng.、Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes.、He doesn't talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face.、If I need any help for my math exercises, he is always the one that can help me out.、He also does well in many sports, such as badminton and ping-pang.、He is my idol and I wish I could be a student as good as he is.等等。
4．你有没有因为没能好好管理时间而影响了学习的经历?请你写一篇文章谈谈这件事及你
的看法。
内容包括：1.你没完成学习任务的经历（事情，原因及后果）；2.针对如何管理好时间给出几点建议。
作文要求：1.短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
3.词数80个左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。
Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my
study.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Once, I couldn't make good use of time and it had a bad influence on my study. I had an experience like this. Last weekend, my good friend, Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game. It was interesting. So I spent more time on it. I forgot to do my homework in the end. My teachers and parents were angry with me. I was also upset.
How to make good use of our time? I think we should make a weekday plan. We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. It can help us to remember what we have to do next. 【解析】 【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如make good use of，last weekend，how to do，play a game，a kind of，spent more time on，forget to do，in the end，be angry with，be going to do，on the paper，put up等。而特殊非谓语动词结构Jim taught me how to play a kind of computer game.和I think we should make a weekday plan. /We should write what we are going to do on the paper, mark the deadline of each thing clearly and put the paper up somewhere we can see it easily. /It can help us to remember what we have to do next.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。 【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。
5．书面表达
初中的生活美好而短暂。临近中考，压力骤增，父母的唠叨，老师的殷殷期望，自己的学业与梦想……倾诉是一副良方。请给七月的你写一封信，谈谈你身边存在的问题，你打算如何解决，鼓励自己生活还有诗和远方。请根据以下提示写一封给自己的信。
要求：1．表达清楚，语法正确，语句通顺，上下文连贯； 2．必须包括思维导图中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥； 3．词数：100词左右（开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数） Dear Future Me,
It is pleasant to spare my free time to communicate with you．I am so worried that … Your sincerely
【答案】It is pleasant to spare my free time to communicate with you．I am so worried that I can’t deal with all the problems present, which are mainly caused by two aspects.First,I can’t ignore my parents’ expectation .With the price of houses rising, they always work hard. However, they are more worried about their children’s exam as the final exam is approaching. Second, there is endless homework and tests every day. Therefore, I need change myself.
In order to adapt to the situation better, I should develop good life habits to keep healthy. Then making friends and communicating with them can make me happier. What’s more, there exist dreams and beautiful future waiting for us. I should not be pessimistic (悲观的). So never give in to the difficulties and stress easily. I believe I deserve having success. 【解析】 【详解】
本文写给未来的自己，目的在于倾诉压力，寻求方法，并重拾信心。第一段指出导致压力的两个方面First,I can’t ignore my parents’ expectation . Second, there is endless homework and tests every day.用First, Second点出。第二自然段提到释放压力的方法，应用In order to表目的。用What’s more表递进结构。并用祈使句So never give in to the difficulties and stress easily点题呼吁。整篇文章层次分明，结构紧凑。
6．书面表达。
职业生涯规划（career planning）一词源于1908年的美国，指的是对职业生涯乃至人生进行持续的系统的计划的过程。作为即将毕业的初中学生，我们也是时候该思考我们的职业生涯规划了。请以此为主题写一篇短文。 写作要求:
1.词数：80—120词；
2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。 参考要点： 1. 职业选择及原因；
2. 现阶段的准备(学习、兴趣发展等)； 3. ……
My Career Planning
_____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My Career Planning
Everybody has his or her dream and career. Different person has different ideas in choosing their career. For me, my ideal career is to be a teacher.
When I was still a little child in the primary school, I found it was so great to be a teacher. In my heart I think the teachers can teach students a variety of knowledge. What's more, to be a teacher could contribute a lot both to their students and to the society.
To be a teacher should be interesting but challenging. So I must study hard to learn a lot of knowledge and I should learn how to get on well with others. If I have a chance one day, I will choose to be a teacher.
【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇话题作文，以My Career Planning为话题，介绍我的职业规划。 【详解】
结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为单数第一，三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：Everybody has……，my ideal career is……，When I was……，So I must……等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。 【点睛】
本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了我的理想职业是当一名教师，接下来介绍我选择当老师的原因以及我现阶段的准备，最后表示只要我有机会，我将会选择做一名老师。此处a variety of, what’s more, both…and…，get on well with, choose to do sth等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。
7．你校正在举办以“社会主义核心价值观”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准备从“和善”这一点
展开论述，请根据提示，以“Kindness is a gift”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。
要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2）必须包括提示中所有信息，并适当发挥；
3）词数：100词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； 4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。 Kindness is a gift Dear classmates,
I think kindness is a special gift to everyone. How can we show it to others in our daily life? That’s all for my speech. Thank you! 【答案】例文Dear classmates,
I think kindness is a special gift to everyone. How can we show it to others in our daily life? When we’re at home, it’s important to show our respect to our parents. Helping them do some housework will make us close to each other. We should also be kind enough to our neighbours in our neighborhood. While they’re away from home, we can keep an eye on their houses. At school, tell our classmates to ask for help whenever they need. If one of them is absent from school, we can help them with the lesson. On the bus, we should take care of the elderly by giving them our seats. And once there is someone who tries to fight with the bus driver, it’s better for us to stop him.
I hope everyone can be kind to others so that we can live in a world full of love. That’s all for my speech. Thank you! 【解析】 【详解】
你校正在举办以“社会主义核心价值观”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准备从“和善”这一点展开论述，请根据提示，以“Kindness is a gift”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。内容要求中指出了写作要点，动笔前一定要认真阅读内容要点，根据内容要点组织材料，确定句子人称，时态等问题。可以先把各要点用句子表达出来，然后再组合成文。写作中注意语意通顺，符合逻辑关系，为了使短文更显得有逻辑性，在列举自己的优势时，可以适当使用序数词。举出的例子要有说服力，想象合理并适当发挥，不能遗漏要点。注意采用一些习惯的句
式，固定短语，以使自己的演讲稿更有文采。写完后多读几遍，适当修改。 【点睛】
这是一篇非常优秀的文章，作者用到了一些好的句型：it’s important to show our respect to our parents. Helping them do some housework will make us close to each other.；If one of them is absent from school, we can help them with the lesson.这些给文章增色不少。
8． 为响应我市全面创建国家文明城市的号召，丽水市中小学开展“文明城市，健康生活”为主题的英语征文活动。请你以“The Civilized City, the Healthy Life”为题，根据表格中的图片及文字提示，简要描述并适当发表自己的观点，写一篇英语短文。 Subject The Civilized City, the Healthy Life Ways of doing Your opinion ride bikes, reduce air pollution, throw rubbish into the bins, keep the city clean, plant more trees,… ……(至少2条) 注意：
(1)词数80-100左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数； (2)文中不得提及考生所在学校及自己的姓名。 The Civilized City, the Healthy Life
As a citizen of Lishui, it’s our duty to____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Civilized City, the Healthy Life
As a citizen of Lishui, it’s our duty to help build a civilized city so that we can live a healthy life. We can reduce air pollution by riding bicycles. It’s better for us to put rubbish into the rubbish bin. In this way, we can keep our city clean. And we’d better plant more trees to protect the natural environment.
In my opinion, I’ll try my best to make our city cleaner and more beautiful. Firstly, I can save water by taking shorter showers. Secondly, I can save energy by turning off the lights when I leave the room. In a word, everyone can do something to make a difference. 【解析】
试题分析：这是一篇话题作文。话题是“The Civilized City, the Healthy Life”；并给了一些提示和注意事项：(1)词数80-100左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
(2)文中不得提及考生所在学校及自己的姓名。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，要用上提示词，并适当发挥，要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，最后写出你的观点。注意主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。注意单词拼写，不要犯单词拼写错误，字数要符合要求。
【亮点说明】这是一篇比较优秀的作文，本文很好地完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点；要点全面，结构连贯；语言规范，叙事清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，能够把提示的内容叙述清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，没有单词拼写错误，字数符合题目要求。
9．假设某英文报“我爱写作”栏目为了配合创建“学习型城市”，正在举办专题英语征文比赛。请你根据下表所列的内容要点，以“Lifelong Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文，参加比赛。 终身学习的意义 终身学习的途径 终身学习的益处 1．人们上学学习、参加考试，但学习不只在学校； 2．学校毕业，不是学习的终止。 去博物馆、阅读书籍、体育锻炼、外出旅行 考生自拟(至少一点) 注意：
1．词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2．短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺； 3．短文不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
Lifelong Learning
When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”In many countries，people continue learning all their lives．
【答案】When you finish high school or university，is learning done? The answer is“no．”many countries，people continue learning all their lives．
Why is lifelong learning important? You go to school and learn．You study．Y take tests．But learning doesn’t only happen in school．And learning doesn’t stop wh you finish high school or university．You are learning all the time．For example，learni can happen when you go to a museum．It can also happen when you read a book．Y learn when you play a sport or when you take a trip．Learning is life! We never st learning．Every day，you can improve yourself by learning something new 【解析】
试题分析：考生首先要认真阅读前面的提示认真审题，确定文章的中心。注意文章文体、人称和时态。要求介绍。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。
温馨提醒：考生必须认真查验是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。
写作亮点：这篇文章语言规范，叙事清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，能够把提示的内容叙述清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯是一篇不错的文章。 考点：提纲类作文
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