外延版七年级上册知识点汇总
Starter Module 1
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
Good morning /afternoon Thank you my teacher my friend Miss Zhou I’m… My mane’s … Hello ,class This is … His /Her name is … Nice to meet you It’s time to do sth See you tomorrow How are you? Fine ,thank you What’s your name, please ? Can you spell it ,please ? It’s time to go now .
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. Hello 做感叹词，你好是答招呼语和问候的话，一般用于熟人和朋友之间，也可用于陌生
人之间，语气比较随便，可单独使用，一方说hello对方也用hello来回答，也可加呼语，但用逗号分开。和它相近的用法有hi, hey . hello 也可用于引起注意常用在打电话时，相当于喂
2. good morning 早上好。是人们在早上或上午见面时比较正式的问候语，答语仍为good
morning . 在非正式的场合，如果是朋友家长或熟人之间见面可省略good , 只用morning 来互相问候。
3. goodbye 用做感叹词，再见！ 是英语里比较正式的告别用语。在实际生活中一般用于与陌
生人或年长的人告别，它的缩略形式byebye 或bye 可以用于比较随便的口语中，回答时只要重复一下即可。
4. Miss 小姐，老师 一般用于未婚女子的姓前
Mrs 夫人 一般用于已婚女子姓或丈夫姓氏前 Mr 先生 一般用于男子姓氏前
Ms 小姐，女士 一般用于不知道婚否的女子姓前，现在Ms 应用更广些。
5. 中国人的名字译成英语时 ，习惯上按汉语拼音来拼写，姓在前，名在后，书写时姓和名分
开写，而且二者的首字母要大写，若名字部分有两个字时，应连在一起写，只将第一个字母的首字母大写即可。Li Daming如果是复姓也写在一起，只将第一个字母的首字母大写即可。Sima Qian如果名字部分的第二个字是以元音字母开头的时候，一般要在两个字中间加’ Li Li’an否则容易读成李连。
6. how are you ? 是熟人见面时的问候语，通常是经过短暂时间之后再见面时表示问候，用于
询问对方身体状况，通常用I’m fine ,thanks ./Fine , thank you . /I’m very well ./I’’m OK等来回答。当别人用how are you ?来问候时，回答除了表示感谢，习惯上还要反问对方的身体状况。可一用Fine, thank you .And you ?来回答， And you 相当于And how are you ?你也好吗？对方回答I’m fine ,too .Thank you .
7. thanks 做感叹词，谢谢，是一个礼貌用语，thanks 与thank you 相同，但不如thank you
正式。当别人帮助关心称赞或祝福我们时应该表示感谢。
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8. This is 是英语介绍他人时习惯上用的句型，也可以That is 但一般不用He/She is 从交际
习惯上一般先把年轻人介绍给长者；先把地位低者介绍给尊者；在宾主之间，先介绍宾客；男女之间，先把男士介绍给女士。
9. see you tomorrow 是非正式的告别语，常用在家庭成员内部，同学之间，好友之间。这句
话的变体形式很多
see you see you next week see you later see you next Monday
10. nice to meet you 初次见面经人介绍后，两人之间的问候语，可用nice to meet you（too）
来回答。也可用于双方好久未见，偶然相逢时的场合，表示一种高兴的心情。 11. It’s time to do sth 到了做某事的时间了
It’s time to have a rest .
Starter Module 2
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
Sit down stand up put up your hand put down your hand open your book open the door/window close your book close the door/window listen to sb draw a picture telephone number a new student in Class 3 how many Mr Chen’s What’s your … number ?
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. 祈使句：是英语的基本句型之一，表示说话人的叮嘱，劝告，请求或命令，祈使句一般没
有主语，肯定结构都以动词原形开头。句末用感叹号或句号。朗读时用降调。祈使句的否定形式由Don’t +动词原形构成，常用来表示劝告建议。Don’t open your book . Please 可以放在祈使句中也可以用在疑问句中，在祈使句中可以放在句首也可以放在句末，用于句末时，其前面要用逗号隔开，在疑问句中则只能放在句末，前面加逗号。 Sit down please please sit down Can you spell it ,please ? 2. 基数词：英语中表示数目或数量多少的数词。 （一） 基数词的拼写：
（1） 1---12 的基数词是独立的单词，有其各自的形式。One ,two ,three, four, five, six, seven,
eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve (2) 13—19 的基数词以teen 结尾，单词的两个音节重读。Thirteen, fourteen , fifteen, sixteen,
seventeen, eighteen ,nineteen (3) 20---90 十位的整数都以ty结尾，单词的第一个音节重读。Twenty, thirty ,forty , fifty, sixty,
seventy, eighty , ninety,
(4) 21—99 之间的非正数须在十位与个位之间加连字符-.twenty- three (二)基数词的用法：
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（1）基数词表示编号，要将基数词放在被修饰词之后，首字母都要大写。Unit Two (2) 基数词表示电话号码，可单个读，重复的数字也可以用double . (3) 基数词表示年龄。 He is twelve years old (4) 基数词表示时间6：30 six thirty
(5) 基数词表示数学式子。 5+5=？ What’s five and five ?
3. 疑问词what 和grade class row team colour 等词一起连用用于提问年级，班级， 排， 组，颜色等. What class is he in ? He’s in Class 4 .
4. How old +be +主语？用于询问年龄。用于熟人之间或长辈询问晚辈。陌生人之间一般不能直接询问年龄，尤其不能询问女士的年龄
5. 英语中先说小单位再说大单位所以先说班级后说学年。I’m in Class Four ,Grade One
Starter Module 3
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
in English write it /them on the blackboard I don’t know You’re welcome of course what’s this in English ? how do you spell it ?
Can you say that again please ? can you help me ? What colour is it ?
Ⅱ.Grammars
1.can 是情态动词，能，能够 没有人称和数的变化，不能独立作谓语，必须与后面的动词一起构成谓语。含有情态动词的肯定句，大多数表示主语做某事的能力，变疑问句时，把can 提到句首即可。变否定句在can 后加not .
I can write in English . Can you see the picture ? Yrs ,I can . no, I can’t . 2.want 想要 后接名词、代词、动名词。
I want a pen . He doesn’t want it . I want to sit down . 3.help sb (to) do sth =help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
Can you help me (to) study my English ? Can you help me with my English ? 4.a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。 A map 按用于以元音音素开头的单词前。 An apple
5. in +某种语言 用某种语言 What’s this in English ? 6. what’s this /that ? 答语用It’s ….
7. no=not a /an /not any 修饰单数可数名词用not a /an 修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词用not any
8.what colour is it ?询问某物是什么颜色。答语用it’s +颜色
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Starter Module 4
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
Write in /on your favourite day table tennis after school in spring on Sunday my birthday in London good idea this afternoon my everyday English what day play football what day is it today ? It’s Monday . what day is your favourite day ? what’s the weather like in Beijing in summer? What’s your favourite sport? Let’s go swimming on Wednesday .
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. 关于星期的知识点
A 书写星期几开头字母要大写。可以用完整形式，也可以用缩写形式，其缩写形式除星期四是
前四个字母外，其他都是前三个字母，运用缩写形式是后面的点不能丢， Mon. Tue. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat. Sun.
B 一周中的第一天是星期天，以此类推，一周中的最后一天是星期六。
The first day of the week is Sunday .. The last day of the week is Saturday . C. 星期前不用冠词。
D．星期前用介词on . I don’t go to school on Sunday . E. 询问星期几用what day . 答语It’s +星期几 2.it 作代词时的其他用法。
A指代前面提到过的事物。 The pen isn’t Tom’s . It’s Jim’s . B. 代替指示代词this /that . What’s this ? It’s a book .
C.指婴儿或不明身份的人。 Who’s the baby ? It’s my son . Someone is knocking at the door ,who is it ? D. 指时间，距离长度，天气等。
How far is it from your home to school ? It’s sunny today . 3. write …in… 把……写在……上 多指写在书上或本子上
write …on…把……写在……上 多指写在黑板、墙、地等上面
You can write your name in the exercise book Don’t write your name on the wall . 4. favourite =like …best 最喜欢 Sunday is my favourite day . I like Sunday best .
5. what’s the weather like in + 时间/地点 = How is the weather in时间/地点 询问某时/某地天气
what’s the weather like in Shanghai ? = How is the weather in Shanghai? 6. let’s do sth 让我们做某事 Let’s go to school .
7. play +表示球类运动的名词，前不加冠词。 I like playing football .
Play+the +表示乐器的名词 前一定有冠词 He often plays the piano after school .
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8. like doing sth 表示经常性的动作或状态。 She likes eating apples .
Like to do sth 表示一次性的动作 Do you like to go to the zoo with me ?
9. go +表示运动的动名词 表示去做……运动 go swimming go skating go boating Go hiking go fishing go skiing 10. on in at
On 用在具体的日期前 on March 8 on one cold winter . on Sunday morning In 用在年月，世纪，四季，或泛指一天的上午下午晚上等 in the morning At 多用于表示具体部位钱和时刻前 at half past six . at noon
Module 1
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
be from years old the capital of China last name first name middle name full name given name family name how old English name
what about you ? welcome to Where are you from ? good to see you
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. be from =come from +地点 来自……，是……的人 Where is he from ? Where does he come from ?
He is from England. He comes from England . He is English .
2. what about =how about ……怎么样？常用来询问他人的情况，征求意见或提出建议。后接名词代词动名词。
What about the car over there ? I’m tired ,what about you ? My pen is black ,what about yours ? what about go swimming ? 3. capital 首都，省会，大写的
Beijing is the capital of our country . The capital of Shandong is Jinan . This is a capital letter .
4. given name =first name 名 family name = last name姓
In Chinese , the family name is the first and the given name is last . family name (last name)+ given name (first name)=Chinese name In English ,the given name is first and the family name is last . given name (first name)+ family name (last name)= English name
5.welcome to +地点 欢迎来到…… welcome to Class Two, Grade One .
6. where +be +主语+ from ? ……来自于哪？ Where are you from ?
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7. be 动词的用法
我用am, 你用are , is 连着他她它。单数名次用is , 复数名词全用are。 变疑问往前提， 句末问号莫丢弃。变否定更容易，be 后not 莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 8. 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词：用来代替上文提到的人或物人称代词分主格和宾格，主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中做宾语，用在动词和介词后。
主格：I you he she it we you they 宾格：me you him her it us you them
We are in Class One , Grade Two . Let me help him . he sits between her and us .
物主代词：表示所有关系的代词，物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前，名词性物主代词不修饰任何成分，单独使用。 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
形容词性物主代词: my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词： mine yours his her its ours yours theirs My coat is green ,what about yours (your coat
Module 2
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
On the right of on one’s right on the left of on one’s left next to
In front of in the photo bus station bus driver police station At school at home at the same hospital farm worker
for example family tree a hotel manager my family photo a photo of my family
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. 指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物。this ,that , these , those .
this these 谈论离自己近的人或物时，that, those谈论离自己远的人或物时 this that 是单数，these, those 是复数。
当指示代词作主语构成一般疑问句时，当指示代词所指的事物已确定，后面指示代词指人时用he ,she ,they ,来代替，指物时用it，they来代替。 Is this your bike ?Yes ,it is .
Are these your grandparents ?Yrs ,they are . Is this your friend Tony ? Yes ,he is .
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2. 名词所有格。
名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种形式，一种是’s 一种是of 所有格。 A． 通常在名词词尾加’s ， 以s 结尾的名词在s后加’ .Tom’s pen Teachers’ Day
B． 表示两者或两者以上共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加’s ,若表示分别拥有则名词后分别
加’s.
Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse . Tom’s and Jim’s books are missing .
C. of 所有格用来表示无生命的东西 a map of China desks and chairs of our school D. 双重所有格形式一是of +名次所有格 二是of +名词性物主代词。
He’s a friend of my brother’s . Is she a daughter of yours ?
E. 表示店铺，医院，诊所，住宅的名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称。At the doctor’s . F. 不定代词someone ,anyone 等和else 连用’s 应加在else 后，someone else’s
G. 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命东西的名词也可以在词尾加’s 或’ 构成所有格。
today’s newspaper three hours’ walk thirty tons’ weight China’s capital H. 用to 也可以表示所有格。“钥匙 答案 桥和路， 出入口所有歌格用to”
The key to the car the answer to the question the bridge to knowledge The way to the school the exit to the building the enterance to the theater 3. in front of 指在某一范围以外的前面 反义词是behind
in the front of 指在某一范围以内的前面 反义词是 at the back of The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom . Mary is standing in front of her car .
4. 询问职业的句型。
A. what +be +主语？ What’s your mother ? She’s is nurse .
B. what do/does +主语+do ?what does your brother do ?He’s is a policeman . C. what’s one’s job ?what’s your job ? I’m a teacher . 5. 动词+r/er/or 构成名词
manage—manager drive—driver write—writer
teach—teacher clean—cleaner play—player work---worker act—actor visit---visitor invent –inventor
5. policeman policewoman Englishman Englishwoman Frenchman Frenchwoman
其复数将man,woman 变成men women
Man woman 构成复合名词变为复数时，前后两个词都要变成复数。 Woman doctor---women doctors
Police 为警察，常与the 连用作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The police are coming .
Module 3
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Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
A lot of on the teacher’s desk on the classroom desk a map of the world a map of England dining hall science lab s ports hall how many in the middle of between…and on everyone’s desk a map of China on the left of classroom building school gate office building
Ⅱ.Grammars
1.There be 结构
表示某地某时存在某人某物 There be +某人/某物+某地/某时 ① There be结构的主语
a, There be结构的there 是引导词，无实义，其主语是be 后的名词或名词短语。且名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词，如a ,no , all 等修饰。也不用确定的限定词the ,this ,that ,these ,those 等修饰。
b. There be结构的主语不能是人称代词，专有名词及被物主代词或名次所有格修饰的名词。 误：There is China in the east of the world . there are their books on the desk . There are they under tree .
c.若要说明被限定的某人某物在某处时，常用某人某物+be +地点 Tom is in the room . ②There be结构的谓语
a, There be结构的谓语是be ，它在人称数上应和后面的主语即名词保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或可数名词单数时用is /was ,主语是复数时用are /were .主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，be的形式采取临近原则，即与离它最近的主语的数保持一致。
There is a picture on the wall . there is an orange and apples in the basket . There is some water in the bottle . There are some bananas in the basket .
b, There be结构的谓语动词有时不用be 而用其它动词，如live , stand , lie, seem 等使语言表达更生动。
Long long ago , there lived a king . ③There be结构的常见时态。
一般现在时态。 There is /are +名词 一般过去时态 There was /were +名词
一般将来时态 There is going to /will be +名词 现在完成时态 There has /have been +名词
④ There be结构可与情态动词连用，表示推测。There must be no one in the room . ⑤There be结构的句型转换。
a , 若对主语提问，无论主语是单数还是复数都用what’s +地点？ There are some flowers in the garden . There is a book on the desk . What’s in the garden ? What’s on the desk ? b ,对修饰名词的数词或表示不确定数目的词提问，如果是可数名词用how many +名词复数+are there +其它？如果是不可数名词用how much +不可数名词+is there +其它？
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There are some flowers in the garden .----- how many flowers are there in the garden ? There is a little milk in the glass . ----how much milk is there in the milk ? There is a cat in the room ---- How many cats are there in the room ? ⑥ 反义疑问句用be not there . ⑦ there be 与have/has 区别
a , There be 与has /have 都当有讲，但have表示所属关系，即持有，拥有，占有，而there be 表示客观存在，不说明所有关系。 He has a pen .
b . 当主语是物或时间名词时，而且表示整体与局部，两者可互换。 The building has 6 floors . there are 6 floors in the building . A week has seven days . there are seven days in a week . c,在一般时态是，there 不能与have 连用。
2. in the tree 指外来物体在树上。There is a bird in the tree .
On the tree 指树木本身长出的叶子。果实等。 There are a lot of apples on the apple trees . In the wall 指窗户钉子门洞孔等镶嵌入墙内。 There is a hole in the wall . On the wall 指地图画像等悬挂张贴于墙内。 There is a clock on the wall . 3.in the middle of 在……中间 He is standing in the middle of the room . There is a lake in the middle .
4.between…and 在……和……之间 put this box between the desk and the wall . 5.动词+ing 构成名词。 Build—building meet –meeting turn-turning
6.what’s …like ? ……是什么样子？ 指人时既可以指外貌特征又可以指人的品行特征。 What’s the weather like ? what’s he like ?He’s tall .he is clever .
7.a lot of =lots of 许多的，大量的 其后既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词当后面接可数名词时可以和many 互换，当后面接不可数名词时可以和much 互换。 We’ve got lots of oranges . (many) We’ve got lots of milk .(much) 8. furniture
furniture属表总称的物质名词（也有的书称之为集合名词），没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用，含义上永远是单数。如：
She furnished the apartment with modern furniture. 她给那套公寓装配了现代家具。 Many things, such as toys, furniture, and computers, are made of plastic. 许多东西如玩具、家具和电脑都是塑料做的。
1.that’s即使其前受到all, some等的修饰，也不能用复数。如： I’ve just bought some new furniture. 我刚买了一些新家具。 All the furniture was covered with dust. 所有家具都落满了灰尘。
2. 若要表示“量”，可用much, little, a little, a lot of, lots of等修饰，但不能用many, few, a few等修饰。如：
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The room had little furniture in it. 室内没什么家具。
There is a lot of furniture in his living-room. 他的客厅里有很多家具。
The room was small and contained far too much furniture. 房间很小而家具实在太多。 若要表示“数”可用a piece of (article, item) of等修饰。如： A desk is an article of furniture. 书桌是一件家具。
Most people look on a television set as an essential piece of furniture. 多数人都把电视机看成是必不可少的家具。
3. 若要表示“一套家具”，可用a suite of修饰。如： That’s a nice suite of furniture. 那是一套漂亮的家具。
Module 4
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
go shopping for something to eat /drink too much much too be good for be bad for how about all right too bad would like lots of health food a bit stay health get fat eat well every morning a bottle of juice It’s important to remember orange juice what kind of a western breakfast in the West eat well what kind of
Ⅱ.Grammars
1.Have /has got
(1)Have /has got 表示某人拥有某物have got 句式中have 有人称和数的变化，即当句子主语为第三人称单数时，用has got 形式。I have got some apples . We have got some milk . He has got an orange .
(2) 如果表示某人没有某物则用haven’t got ,hasn’t got 即在Have /has后加not 构成否定形式。 We haven’t got any juice . she hasn’t got any milk .
(3) 如果要询问某人有某物吗？则把have/has 提到主语前。 Have you got any carrots ? Yes, I have . / No, I haven’t . Has he got a new pen? Yes, he has . / No, he hasn’t . (4) there be 与have/has 的区别
A．there be 句型表示存在即指某地/某时有某人/某物。 There is a book on the desk . B. Have /has表示人拥有，指某人拥有某物。是一种所有关系。 I have got a cat . She has got some fruit .
C. 当主语是物或时间名词时，而且表示整体与局部，两者可互换。 The building has 6 floors . there are 6 floors in the building .
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A week has seven days . there are seven days in a week . 2. some any 都表示一些，可用作形容词在句中修饰名词。 A.Some 用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句和否定句中。
There are some people in the park . have you got any brothers? B. some any 即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。 Have you got any milk ? we have some books .
C. some 可用于表请求邀请希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中。 Would you like some water ?
D. any在表示“任何”意义的时候，后面接单数可数名词 You can buy this kind of books at any shop. 3.可数名词
名词复数规则变化：
（1）一般在词尾加s ,在清辅音后读/ z/ 在浊辅音和元音后读/iz/ maps bags (2)以x,s,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加es读/iz/ watches foxes (3)以辅音字母+将y变成I 再加es读/iz/ city—cities lady –ladies (4)以f,fe 等结尾的名词变f,fe,为ies读/ z/ 这样的词有： leaf,树叶 half半 shelf架子 , wolf 狼, thief贼 scarf, 围巾life 生命, knif小刀 wife妻子 “树叶落到架上半边黄，妻子围上围巾拿刀去砍狼，吓得小偷逃命忙” 不规则变化：
（1）特殊形式： man-men woman- women child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice (2)单复数形式相同Japanese Chinese deer sheep fish (3)关于某国人变复数：中日不变，英法变，其余S加后面 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishwoman-Englishwomen American-Americans Australian- Australian Canadian- Canadian German-Germans
(4)以O结尾的名词有些加es. 如：Negro-黑人 hero-英雄 tomato- 西红柿 potato-土豆 “黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆 ” 其它一般都加S zoo- photo- radio-
(5)复合前面是man,woman 变复数时，构成复合名词的两个额名词都变成复数形式，如果其他次变复数只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。
man teacher –men teachers apple tree——apple trees 4. 不可数名词。
(1)概述：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数目来计算没有词形变化，不能直接用a,an或数词修饰，词尾不能加s ,作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 news information rice
(2)不可数名词量的表达
A可用much, little, a little, a lot of, lots of a bit of .等修饰，但不能用many, few, a few等修饰。Some bread
B 数词或冠词+量词+of + 不可数名词 量词可以是单数，也可以是复数，但of 后的不可数名词只能是原形。A piece of paper some pieces of information
说明：可数名词表达量时也可以用此种表达，但要注意可数名词的数。
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A basket of apples two boxes of eggs
5.food 在大多数情况下做不可数名词，但有时也可用作可数名词。
（1）food 做食物粮食（与饮料相对的）食品讲时用作不可数名词。Food and drink 饮食（注意中英文词序的不同） we like Chinese food very much . let’s go to buy some food . (2) 当表示特定种类的食物时，food做可数名词，其复试形式foods。 A favourite food 最喜欢的一种食物 frozen foods 冷冻食品
(3) 食品类的不可数名词有：meat， beef， pork， chicken fish , rice 6. drink 的用法
（1）当饮料讲时是不可数名词。 Have you got any drink ?
(2) drink 指不同类别的的饮料时，为可数名词。Juice ,water and milk are healthy drinks . (3) drink 还可指一杯饮料，或一份饮料 Let’s have a drink . please give me a cold drink . (4)用作及物动词意为喝……。 You should drink more hot water .
(5)用作不及物动词意为喝酒，不需要再加宾语。My uncle doesn’t drink . Let’s drink to your health . (6) drink 类的不可数名词有juice, milk , orange , water , tea .coffee
7.candy 既是可数名词又是不可数名词。Candy做不可数名词意为糖果，做可数名词意为一块糖，candy常用于美式英语，英式英语常用sweet表示糖果，sugar泛指糖，是不可数名词。 I like to eat candy very much . we’ve got a bag of candies .
8．Fruit水果用来指水果的总称时，是不可数名词，指水果的种类或个别水果时，是可数名词。 Do you like fruit ? I like to eat apples ,bananas and other fruits . 9.chicken是鸡肉时为不可数名词，表示小鸡时则为可数名词。
Chicken is health food , I like eating it . we can see some chickens on the farm .
10.chocolate 作为巧克力，巧克力饮料，巧克力色讲时，是不可数名词，作为巧克力糖讲时，是可数名词。
Would you like a cup of hot chocolate ? /I have got a box of chocolate .
12. juice 果汁，肉汁，一般用作不可数名词。Juice 还可以加表示水果蔬菜名称的词作定语。
表示果汁的口味及性质。
Please give me a glass of juice . would you like some apple juice ? 13. fish 鱼肉，鱼
（1） 做鱼肉讲时是不可数名词。 Fish is delicious ,I like it very much .
（2） 作为鱼讲时，是可数名词，而且单复数形式相同。 Let’s buy some fish . （3） 作为鱼的种类讲时，是可数名词，但其复数形式是fishes .
There are all kinds of fishes in the river .
14. tooth的复数形式teeth英语中把oo变成ee为复数形式的可数名词常见的还有foot—feet 15. healthy 不可数名词健康 in good health 身体健康 in bad/poor health 身体不健康 形容
词为healthy 健康的 反义词为unhealthy 不健康的
My grandfather is seventy years old , but he is in good health . (he is healthy ) He is often ill .he is in bad health. (he is unhealthy ) 16. remember记起想起
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（1） remember to do sth 记得去做某事，表示这件事还没有做。
Remember to close the window before you leave the room .
(2) remember doing sth 记得做过某事，表示这件事做过了。 I remember having lunch .
17. buy 及物动词 买 其反义词为sell 卖 let’s buy some apples .
（1）要表示从……买……则用buy …from please buy some fruit from the shop . (2) 要表示给某人买某物则用 buy sth for sb or buy sb sth
I bought a book for my young brother . I bought my young brother a book .
18. too much 太多其后接不可数名词 ，too many 太多其后接可数名词的复数形式。much too 太……过于……后常接形容词副词表示程度。
I have got too much chocolate . he has got too many pens . You are much too kind to me . 19. all right 好吧 多用来表示同意对方的命令、请求、建议或安排等，意为好的，行，可以 How about some apples ? all right . 20. be good for 对……有好处 ，对……有益 其反义词组为be bad for 对……有坏处， 对……
有害 Vegetables are good for you . hamburgers are bad for your health. 21. kind 品种，种类
a kind of 一种…… two kinds of两种…… many kinds of 许多种类的…… different kinds of 不同种类的…… all kinds of 各种各样的……what kind of 哪一种哪一类 what kind of fruit have you got ? there are all kinds of bags in the shop . 22. a bit
(1) 稍微，有点 可以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词，此时 a bit 的用法相当于 a little The fruit is a bit sweet. Mum walks a bit fast . Please turn the TV down a bit . (2)a bit 可以修饰不可数名词，但其后不能直接跟名词，要先加介词of
A bit of milk a bit of water .
23. It +be + 形容词+to do sth 做某事怎么样
It is important to learn English well . It’s good for you to eat vegetables .
24. what’s your favourite food and drink? your favourite food and drink在句中作为一个整体看待，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
My favourite food and drink is noodles , fish and juice .但反过来应说 Noodles , fish and juice is my favourite food and drink 25. or and but
Or 连接 表示选择关系 Either you or he is right .
And 连词，和 连接两个并列的名词、代词、或两个形容词，在否定句中用or ，但如果前后名词都有no 修饰，则可以用and .
Tom and Jim are good friends . I don’t have a sister or brother . I have no sister and no brother .
But 连词，但是，可是 The bike is new but it doesn’t work . 26. eat drink have Eat 吃喝 后接表示面点，肉类，蔬菜和汤类等食物类的名词。The cake is good ,Let’s eat it .
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Drink 喝 后接表示酒水或果汁类的名词。 I want to drink some water .
Have 吃喝既可接 食物类名词也可接饮料类名词。 We have meat and vegetables for lunch 27. would like =want 想……
(1) would like sth 想要某物。 I would like a new bike .
(2) would like to do sth 想做某事 I would like to borrow a book from the library . (3) would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 I would like you to visit the park with us .
(4)would you like to do sth ?你愿意做某事吗？ 常用于 有礼貌的向别人提出邀请或建议，其肯定回答一般为that’s a good idea . Yes , I’d love/like to 否定回答常用 sorry / I’d love/like to,but I …
(5)如果服务员要给你提供一些吃的或喝的东西。Would you like a cup of tea ? 肯定回答Yes, please .否定回答 No , thanks .
Module 5
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
at noon have dinner have supper in the morning in the afternoon Half past get up start lessons have maths have breakfast have lunch in the evening in the day go home in the dining hall sports hall have a break watch TV go to bed go to sleep be good at school day go to school have a busy day on Sundays on weekdays at weekends start work in the playground talk with talk about play with sb leave home on Saturday afternoon talk to have an English lesson
Ⅱ.Grammars
1.时间的表达法：
(一) 顺读法：先说小时，后说分钟7.20 seven twenty 8：10 eight ten ( 二)逆读法：先说小时，后说分钟，中间用past,to 连接。
（1） 当分钟数小于等于30分钟时，用分钟数+past +小时数 几点过几分。
7：20 twenty past seven 8:10 ten past eight
(2) 当分钟数大于30分钟时，（60-分钟数）+to +(1+小时数) 差几分钟几点 9：40 twenty to nine 10.45 fifteen to eleven
说明：（1）逆读法时，30分钟可以用half ,15分钟可以用 a quarter . 6.30 half past six (2) 整点是数字加o’colock . o’colock .可以省略。 8 eight o’colck eight
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(3)时间前用介词at .
(4) 询问时间用what time
“ 时在前，分在后，quarter half 不能用。 如何使用past ,to ,我们可要看清楚。 前是分，后是点， past ,to 立中间。 Past 是加，to 是减，
如果表示几点半，要用half past 加钟点”
2.maths 数学，虽以s结尾作主语时谓语动词用单数。 I think maths is difficult .
3.lesson 课We have four lessons in the morning .
Lesson还可以当作教训讲 lesson from 从……中吸取教训。 give lesson to …给……上课 give sb a lesson 从……中吸取教训 4.love 后接动词不定式或动名词做宾语。
Love to do sth 表示具体的事 love doing sth 表示习惯和爱好 I like to read this book very much . I like reading .
Love 热爱，反义词hate 讨厌，厌恶 表示具有深厚的强烈的感情色彩，并具有一定的依附性。 Like 喜欢，反义词为dislike 不喜欢。 表示不反感，不带有强烈的感情色彩。，不会产生迫切的愿望。
5.be good at =do well in 擅长 后接名词，代词，动名词。
I like basketball ,and I a good at it . she is good at maths He is good at swimming . He does well in swimming . 6. talk 谈论，谈话 不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语，当表示与某人谈话或谈论某人某事时，
常构成固定搭配如下：
talk to sb 与某人交谈（强调一方说，一方听）
talk with sb 与某人谈话交谈（强调双方的互相交流）I often talk with my classmates . talk about sb/sth 谈论某人/某事
talk with sb about sth 与某人谈论某事。He talks with me about English . 7. begin 动词 开始。 其同义词为start
begin 后既可跟动词不定式也可跟动名词做宾语。 begin to do sth begin doing sth we begin to have an English lesson .
start 后面可接动名词或不定式，但在以下情况下，一般只用不定式结构。 (1)当物作主语时。 It started to rain .
(2)start 本身是动名词形式时。 I was starting to get angry .
(3)当start 后面接的动词为表示心理活动的动词，如understand ,realize 等。 8. when what time
When 用于提问更广泛的时间，除了可以问钟点外，还可以提问日期，月份，年份等 What time 用于提问具体时刻，常用于提问钟点。
8. on weekdays 在工作日，在平时 I can’t watch TV on weekdays
at weekends 在周末 They can play computer games at weekends .
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weekdays :from Monday to Friday weekends :Saturday Sunday
9. have breakfast have lunch have dinner have supper 在英语中，吃三餐通常用have，
有时也用eat 。表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词，如果表示一日三餐吃什么，要用have …for.
I have bread and eggs for breakfast .
Dinner 意为正餐时，只一天中最丰盛的一顿饭，可指中餐或晚餐，意为宴会时，既可指社交形式举行的宴会，也可以是家人再接假日团聚时所吃的好饭菜。 Supper 是晚餐晚饭的普通用法。
10. house home family
house 指房子，住宅，是指居住的建筑物（房屋住宅）。强调房屋所处的的地点，是不能迁移的。
Home 指家住所，指家庭成员所居住的那种环境或与房屋有关的加，有感情色彩，有团聚思念之含义，是可以变动的。
Family 家，家庭指的是家庭成员，如父母，子女，妻子，丈夫，兄妹等，一般不涉及房屋。 How many people in Tony’s family ? My family are tall . 11. go to bed go to sleep sleep
Go to bed 表示上床睡觉，与get up 起床相对。 Go to sleep 表示入睡与wake up 相对 Sleep 表示睡眠持续状态。 12busy 繁忙的
be busy with sth be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
I am busy with my homework . He is busy doing his homework all day .
13. for +时间 表示一段时间 对于for +一段时间提问，用how long 表示多久，多长时间。 How long do you have a break ? For twenty minutes .
14. finish A 做不及物动词时，结束，停止 the show finished at 10 . B 做及物动词，完成，结束
1)finish sth. 完成某事。 When are you going to finish your work?
2)finish doing sth. 做完某事。 He finished reading the book before supper.
15.job work
Job 可数名词，指用以谋生的具体工作，尤指为他人所雇。I want a job .
Work 不可数名词，指有报酬的工作，尤其指固定工作。He can’t find work in the city .
Module 6
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
a trip to the zoo go and see as well as welcome to over there
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a panda called on one’s back many kinds of live in in fact such as in Africa a kilo of come from live alone look at a little
all over the world be good at the favourite of people all over the world
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. 以f ,fe 结尾的可数名词变复数时，先将f ,fe 变成v再加es .初中阶段这样的词有
half-halves半 Leaf-leaves 树叶shelf –shelves架子 scarf –scarves 围巾wife –wives 妻子knife-knives小刀 wolf-wolves 狼 thief –thieves小偷 life-lives 命 “树叶落到架上半边黄，妻子围围巾拿到去杀浪，吓得小偷逃命忙”
2. such as 比如，例如后面跟所列举的事物。I like fruit such as apples ,bananas and oranges . 3. come from 来自，出身于 She comes/is from America .
4. different 形容词。不同的后面接可数名词时，用复数形式，其名词为difference There are different kinds of animals here .
Be different from 不同于 Our school is different from your school . 5. a …called/named …一个叫……的……
A girl called/named lingling a place named /called Beijing 6. here there 开头的句子，当主语是名词时，主语和谓语要倒装，即here/there +谓语+主语（名词）当主语是代词时，主语和谓语不到装。即here/there +主语（代词）+谓语 Here comes Li Ming . Here he is . 7.few/a few/little/a little
(a) few/a few + 可数名词, little/a little + 不可数名词
a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点 few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。 8.look at , see, read watch
Look at 看，强调看这个动作，但不一定看得见或看得清楚。
See 看见，看到，强调看的结果，see常与a /the film /play 搭配。表示看电影/戏剧。 Read 读，阅读，朗读
Watch观看，常指聚精会神地去看去观察。
Look at the picture , what can you see ? I like reading books . He doesn’t watch TV. 8.Africa 非洲 ，其形容词为African 类似的结构还有 Asia –Asian Australia-Astralia America-American Europe –European
七大洲：Asia 亚洲 Africa非洲 Europe欧洲 South America南美洲
North America 北美洲 Oceania 大洋洲 Antarctic 南极洲
四大洋：太平洋the Pacific 大西洋the Atlantic Ocean
印度洋 the Indian Ocean 北冰洋the Arctic Ocean
Europe 名词，意为欧洲 其形容词为European ,它以元音字母开头，但它的第一个音素/j/是辅音音素，所以该词前面的不定冠词要用a而不是an . a European country .
9. live in 居住在……生活在……后面往往接地点名词。Tom lives in China with his parents .
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10. as well as 并且，还有，也和主语一起用时谓语动词取决于as well as 前面的主语的数。 Tom knows Chinese as well as English . I as well as wang fang am in Class One . As well as as well
两个词的意思都有并且，还，也
As well as 后面一般跟句子成分，而as well 后常不跟句子成分，相当于too
He gives me money as well as advice (建议)=He gives me advice and money as well . Give me those as well =Give me those too .
11.alone 独自地表示客观数量就一个，不具有感情色彩。 Lonely指情感上的孤独，也指荒芜人烟的，人迹罕至的。
He lives alone ,but he doesn’t feel lonely . He lives in a lonely place ,he feels lonely .
Module 7
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
Connect to of course put in turn on on the computer on the Internet open the new document Save the document share sth with sb the times of trains go on the Internet make travel plans one and a half times write to
write it in the box listen to music watch movies click print and OK search for information every Friday afternoon use the keyboard in the world
send to play the computer games a box of at school at home do one’s homework click the mouse on the document at night
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. connect to 把……连接到…… let’s connect the monitor to the computer.
当主语是人时，connect 后既可接with 也可接to ,当主语是物时，connect后只能用with . He connects the printer with /to the computer . The printer connects with the computer .
2. turn on 打开，接通 turn the TV on =turn on the TV Turn on 与turn off 是一对反义词组，代词做宾语时，必须放在动词turn 和副词on 或off 中间，名词做宾语时，放在两者中间或放在on/off 后面均可。 turn up开大（点声 ）turn down 关小（点声） turn on open
两者意思相同，都有打开之意，但turn on 后接的名词是电器类事物，open 后接的名词是门窗之类的事物。 Turn on the computer open the window
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3.learn to do sth 学做某事 Mary is learning to sing .
4. first…next… then…finally … 首先……接下来……然后……最后…… 经常一起使用， 用来说明做某事的先后顺序，或事物发展的前后过程，使之有条理。
First, open a new document ,next, write your homework in the document ,then click save and write a name for it .finally , print .
5. use to 使用……去做…… we can use the words to answer the question . 6.save
1) 保存 how do you save a document ? 2) 挽救 the doctor can save the boy’s life . 3) 节约 we should save water .
7. paper 是不可数名词 纸 a piece of paper some paper five pieces of paper
8.share with 与某人分享……Mary and share a room . she shares her lunch with her friends . 9.plan 名词 计划 make a plan 制定计划 I make a plan to visit my friend . 动词 1) plan to do sth 计划做某事 He plans to play games tonight .
2)plan on+名词/动名词 计划/打算做某事 He plans on playing games tonight 3)plan –planning-planned
10.search for 搜寻，搜索，搜查 the man is searching for his son .
11. information 信息，不可数名词 a piece of information some pieces of information information 缩写为info. 在公共场所缩写为i ,指信息台，问讯处等。
12. send sb sth = send sth sb 发送/寄给某人某物 my sister often sends me a book . She sends emails to me every week . She sends me emails every week . 13.sometime ,sometimes. Some time . some times Sometime 表示将来或过去某个时间。
Sometimes 表示有时，用来描述现在或过去常发生的事。
Some time 名词短语，表示一段时间。 Some times 几次
“分开是一段，相连为某时， 分开s 是倍次， 相连s 是有时” 14.write to sb 给某人写信/电子邮件 write a letter /an email to sb
He often writes to his parents. He often writes letters /emails to his parents .
15. 数词+and +a half +名次复数 或 数词+名词（单数或复数）and +a half 多少又一半 三年半 three and a half years three years and a half 两千克半 two and a half kilos two kilos and a half 17. mouse 老鼠，鼠标 复数为特殊形式。 mice
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Module 8
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
have a birthday party at the birthday dinner at the party make a birthday cake happy birthday get birthday present a box of chocolates a cinema ticket a concert ticket a silk dress get some exercise go to the cinema go to concerts see a film on television at weekends on weekdays stay healthy every day hear from I’m afraid would like
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. would like =want 想……
(1) would like sth 想要某物。 I would like a new bike .
(2) would like to do sth 想做某事 I would like to borrow a book from the library . (3) would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 I would like you to visit the park with us .
(4)would you like to do sth ?你愿意做某事吗？ 常用于 有礼貌的向别人提出邀请或建议，其肯定回答一般为that’s a good idea . Yes , I’d love/like to 否定回答常用 sorry / I’d love/like to,but I …
(5)如果服务员要给你提供一些吃的或喝的东西。Would you like a cup of tea ? 肯定回答Yes, please .否定回答 No , thanks . 2. 频度副词
1)频度副词的定义：频度副词是用来表示表示某一动作发生的频率或某一状态出现的频率，即在一定的时间内动作重复发生，或状态重复出现的次数，常见的频度副词有always usually often ,sometimes seldom never 等，他们在程度上有别，一般说来按频度大小排列always一直> usually通常> often经常>sometimes有时> seldom很少> never绝不 2）频度副词在句中的位置关系：
A在be 动词之后 She is sometimes very busy .
B 在助动词或情态动词之后。I can always remember you . C 在行为动词的前面。 We often go there , “频度副词很重要，句中位置须记牢。 行为动词前，系情助动词后，
sometimes 最活跃，句首句末 容易找” 3)频度副词在句中的用法。
A通常和一般现在时连用， 表示经常或反复发生的动作，He often rains here in April . B always 与进行时连用时，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示赞叹厌恶等情绪。 He is always thing of others 。（赞叹） She is always asking silly questions (厌恶) C对频度副词提问用how often ,表示多久一次。
He never plays computer games How often does he play computer games ? 3.give sth to sb =give sb sth 给某人某物 当某物是代词时，只能用give sth to sb .
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she gives me a book She gives a book to me she gives it to book . 4.exercise既可是可数名词，又可是不可数名词
1)不可数名词 锻炼 take exercise take more exercise take a lot of exercise . His parents take exercise every morning in the park .
2) 可数名词 操， 练习题 Doing eye exercises is good for our eyes .
Our maths teacher often asks us to do many exercises . 5.wear put
Wear 及物动词，表示状态，穿着，戴着 He wears a pair of glasses Put on 及物动词短语，表动作 穿上 please put on your coat . 6.spend 花费时间/金钱 主语时人
Sb spends some time /money on sth 做某事花费某人……时间/金钱 his brother spends all his money on the study .
Sb spends some time /money (in) doing sth 做某事花费某人……时间/金钱 I spend half an hour (in) reading English every morning It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间 It takes me half an hour to read English every morning . 7.match
1)可数名词 （尤指体育方面的）比赛竞赛其复数形式为matches ，观看比赛要用watch。 There is a football match this afternoon .in our school .
2) 及物动词 匹配 相称 Match the words with the picture . 8. on television 通过电视，在电视上 on 通过……方式 I often learn English on television .
9.at weekends 在周末 常与一般现在时连用。 What do you do at weekends ? 10.hear listen
Listen 不及物动词 听强调听的动作，但不一定听到，如果后跟宾语，必须与介词to 连用，
即listen to . I often listen to music after school . listen !the girl is singing .
Hear 及物动词，听见，强调听的结果，不一定是有意识听 。 I can’t hear you .
11. hear from =get /receive a letter from 收到某人来信，后i额表示人的名词或代词。
He often hear from his friends ,
12. watch
watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 侧重做事的整个过程。
Watch sb doing sth 观看某人正在做某事 强调动作正在进行。
Do you often watch them play basketball ? He is watching us making a cake . 13.afraid 害怕，不敢
（1） be afraid of sb/sth 害怕某人某物 I’m afraid of dogs
（2） afraid +从句 I’m afraid I may be a little late .
（3） be afraid of doing sth 担心害怕做某事 She’s afraid of going out at night .
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（4） be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 。Mr Black was afraid to climb the tree ,for he was
afraid of falling down from it .
（5） I’m afraid not 恐怕不是这样。 13. 一般现在时态： (一) 意义：1）表示现在的状态 she is ten years old . 2) 表示主语具备的能力。 She can swim .
3)表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态
He always get up at six every day .
4) 表示客观存在的事实真理，名言警句等。 The earth turns around the sun . (二)标致词：always ,sometimes ,often ,usually ,never, seldom , every day, on Monday ,
in the morning, once a week
（三）构成：主语+原形（若主语为第三人称单数，动词也要用第三人称单数形式） （四）第三人称：既不是第一人称也不是第二人称的所有人称是第三人称。（第一人称I we 。
第二人称：you .）
（五）动词的第三人称单数构成：
1）通常情况下，在动词词尾加 s .在清辅音后读/s/ 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ works buys 2) 以x,s,ch,sh, o结尾的词在词尾加es读/iz/ watches goes 3) 以辅音字母+将y变成I 再加es读/iz/ carry—carries try—tries (六)句式变化。
1）含有系动词和情态动词的一般现在时，便否定句在系动词和情态动词后加not , 变一般疑问句将系动词情态动词提前， 2）行为动词的句式变化：
A 当主语是第一人称第二人称和第三人称复数时。 a 肯定句，谓语动词用行为动词原形。
b 变否定句，在行为动词前加don’t they don’t play football on Monday .
c变一般疑问句时，在句首加Do, 其肯定回答为 Yes, …do . 否定回答为No, …don’t 。 Do you like apples ?Yes, I do .
d 变特殊疑问句，由 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 构成
they watch TV on Sunday When do they watch TV? B.当主语是第三人称单数时，变疑问句和否定句的步骤是：
一加 变一般疑问句在句首加助动词Does , 变否定句在行为动词前加 doesn’t . 二改在句首加助动词Does , 或否定句在行为动词前加 doesn’t后，行为动词必须改为动词原
形。
三问号在句首加Does 变一般疑问句后，将原句句末的逗号变成问号。 Tom likes playing football ? Tom doesn’t like playing football . Does Tom like playing football ? Yes , he does No, he doesn’t
注意：do does 除了用作助动词外，还可做行为动词，意为 做 将含有 do one’s homework
do housework 等短语的肯定句变否定句时，不能在原句的do 后加not , 而是应该do 前加don’t doesn’t .
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We do our homework in the evening . My mother does housework every day . We don’t do our homework in the evening . My mother doesn’t do house work every day . Do you do your homework in the evening ? Does your mother do house work every day ? Yes ,we do ./ No , we don’t . Yes, she does / No ,she doesn’t . C 行为动词的一般现在时的特殊疑问句结构：
1)特殊疑问词+助动词（do/does）+主语+行为动词原形+其它？ I often send three emails to my friend every week . How many emails do you often send every week ? 2) 特殊疑问词+行为动词的第三人称单数+其它？
His mother cooks lunch for him . Who cools lunch for him ? D 常用的特殊疑问词。
问时间 when 问地点where 问人物who 问事物或事件what 问方式how问原因why 问哪个which 问具体时刻what time 问哪种what kind of 问频率how often 问一段时间how long 问多少how many/how much +名词
问什么科目what subject 问年龄how old 问颜色what colour
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Module 9
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
Lie in the sun stand in line enjoy the sun take photos of on a school trip the trip to go back to have a drink have a good time all over the world get off get on on sale a few walk on the Great Wall hot dogs ran for send to go home from work at the/this moment by email right now thank you for go to the theatre the Forbidden City times zones the homes of the movie stars
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. lie 1）躺、卧、平放 其现在分词为lying . My pet cat likes lying under the chair .
2) 说谎，撒谎 谎言 He is lying . tell a lie 说谎
2. in the sun 在阳光下 under the sun 世界上，天底下 Don’t read in the sun . 3.take photos of sb/sth 给……拍照 They are taking lots of the beautiful flowers . 4. wait for sb/sth 等候…… wait in line 排队等候
The men are waiting for a bus . They are waiting at the bus stop . 5.right now – at the moment 此刻 I’ll do it right now . 6. a few 一些 、几个 we are going away for a few days . 否定（几乎没有，少） 肯定（有些，有几个） 修饰可数名词 few a few 修饰不可数名词 little a little He is new in our class and he has few friends , I’m thirsty but there’s little water in the glass. You needn’t run ,there’s a little time left. 7.on sale 出售 for sale 待售
Some beautiful clothes are on sale now . He has some famous pictures for sale .
8. by email 通过电子邮件by 介词由、靠、用、通过。表示方法或手段。后接名词前没有任何修饰成分，无复数。By bus I’ll send some pictures him by email . 9. enjoy 及物动词 享受 喜欢后接名词代词或动名词。 We are enjoying the sun . he enjoys boating .
Enjoy oneself = have fun have a good time 过得愉快 We enjoy ourselves in the park .
10. anyway 副词 无论如何 ，反正 用于转移话题或结束话题。
I want to go and see him anyway . The work is very hard but we can finish it anyway . 11.get off 下车 get on 上车 Some people are getting off the train . 12. go back to = get back to 回到……
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He gets up ,drinks a cup of water and then goes back to bed . 13.leave 离开leave for 动身去…… some children leave school at 16.
Today ,we’ll leave Changsha and tomorrow we’ll leave for Beijing .
14.thank you for = thanks for 因……而感谢 后接名词代词或动名词。 Thanks for your help .
Thank you for helping me learn with my English . Thanks for helping me to learn English .
15.write ...to 给某人些…… can you write an email to me ?
write a letter to sb=write to sb 给某人写信 write back to sb 给某人回信 16. run for = run after 追赶
Don’t run for a car .It’s dangerous .
Run away 逃跑，冲跑 run out of 用光，用完 从……跑出来 run to sb 向某人跑
Module10
Ⅰ.Useful expressions:
Make lanterns dragon dance lion dance on TV at work
Clean the house sweep the floor cook the meal get ready for at the moment Put away sweep away Spring festival harry up on that day On the same day have a look at bad/good luck a kind of so much Father Christmas Merry Christmas on Christmas Eve Lantern Festival Traditional family dinner
Ⅱ.Grammars
1. 现在进行时态The present Continuous Tense 1）基本用法：
A. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Look! They are playing football . B. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 I’m reading Harry Potter these days .
C. 表示即将发生的动作，一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有come , go , stay, leave ,
spend , drive ,fly 等 。I’m coming now . He is leaving soon . My family is moving to Beijing next week . 2) 基本形式
肯定形式：am/is/are +doing He is doing well in his lessons . 否定形式：am/is/are +not+doing She is not reading .
一般疑问句：将am/is/are放在句首。 Are you feeling better now ?
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3）现在分词的构成：
（1） 一般情况下直接加ing , buy—buying drink –drinking find –finding
（2） 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，去掉字母e 加ing . take-taking come-coming
（3） 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的
动词双写此辅音字母，再加ing , sit –sitting stop-stopping run-running begin-beginning get –getting put-putting shop-shopping swim-swimming
（4） 部分以ie 结尾的单音节动词，先把ie 变成变成 y,再加ing .
lie –lying die –dying tie -- tying
4）标志词：look listen now right now at the moment . 2.what’s happening ? 在忙什么？
(1)Sth +happens +地点/时间 某地某时发生了某事
The story happened in 2003 An accident happened in that street
(2)Sth +happens +to sb 某人出了某事 A car accident happened to her this morning (3) Sb +happens +to do sth 某人碰巧做了某事
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday
(4) happen表示\"碰巧或恰巧发生某事\"时，还可用\"It happens / happened that...\"这一结构来表达。
It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon. 碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。
注：that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与\"sb.+ happen + to do sth.\"结构互换。 It happened that Brian and Peter were at home that day. = Brian and Peter happened to be at home that day.
3.1) get ready for 强调动作，为…作准备the farmers are getting for the next year
2)be ready for 强调状态，准备好了 They are ready for the sports meeting . 3)be ready to do sth 乐于做某事 she’s always ready to help others . 4. be at work =be working 在工作 I’m at working now . I’m working now .
5. put away 把……收起来，放好 其后接名词时，名词可以放在put away 中间，也可放在后面，但其后接代词时，代词必须放中间。
Please put your book away please put away your book . Is this your sweater ?please put it away . 与put 有关的常用短语。
Put up搭建，举手，张贴 put down放下 put on穿上 put off 推迟，延期put out 扑灭 6. join sb in (doing) sth 加入某人某事的行列或正在进行的事情中。 Why not join us in the dragon dance ?
7.hurry up 赶快 hurry up , or we’ll be late . Hurry off /away 匆匆离开 in a hurry 匆忙
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8. mean 意味着 后接名词代词动名词或that 从句。 What do you mean by saying so ?
1) mean to do sth 打算做某事 he didn’t mean to hurt you .
2)mean doing sth 意味着做某事 missing the bus means waiting for another twenty minutes . 3)mean 的名词是meaning .the meaning of … ……的意思 What’s the meaning of =what does /do …mean ?
What’s the meaning of your words ? what does your words mean ? 9.tell 讲述
1）tell sb sth =tell sth to sb 告诉某人某事 I tell you my name . I tell my name to you . 2)tell sb of /about sth 告诉某人关于某事 3)tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事 The teacher tells the boy not to open the door . 10. tell speak say talk
Tell 告诉。常用于tell sb sth =tell sth to sb tell sb (not) to do sth结构。同时还有讲述之意。 Tell a story 讲故事 tell a lie 说谎
Speak做不及物动词，强调说话的动作。意思是说话。用作及物动词时后跟某种语言。 Say 及物动词意为说，其后接说的内容，say sth to sb
Talk 不及物动词常用于talk to /with sb talk about sth with sb 结构。 11．So much 如此多，修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词用so many
There is so much ink on your face . there are so many apples on the tree .
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