【英译汉必译题】
If a heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes a country a climate ogre, then Denmark — with its thousands of wind turbines sprinkled on the coastlines and at sea — is living a happy fairy tale.
Viewed from the United States or Asia, Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is \"what a global warming solution looks like,\" wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, in a letter to the group last autumn. About one-fifth of the country's electricity comes from wind, which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country.
But a closer look shows that Denmark is a far cry from a clean-energy paradise.
The building of wind turbines has virtually ground to a halt since subsidies were cut back. Meanwhile, compared with others in the European Union, Danes remain above-average emitters of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. For all its wind turbines, a large proportion of the rest of Denmark's power is generated by plants that burn imported coal.
The Danish experience shows how difficult it can be for countries grown rich on fossil fuels to switch to renewable energy sources like wind power. Among the hurdles are fluctuating political priorities, the high cost of putting new turbines offshore, concern about public acceptance of large wind turbines and the volatility of the wind itself.
\"Europe has really led the way,\" said Alex Klein, a senior analyst with Emerging Energy Research, a consulting firm with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Some parts of western Denmark derive 100 percent of their peak needs from wind if the breeze is up. Germany and Spain generate more power in absolute terms, but in those countries wind still accounts for a far smaller proportion of the electricity generated. The average for all 27 European Union countries is 3 percent.
But the Germans and the Spanish are catching up as Denmark slows down. Of the thousands of megawatts of wind power added last year around the world, only 8 megawatts were installed in Denmark.
If higher subsidies had been maintained, he said, Denmark could now be generating close to one-third — rather than one-fifth — of its electricity from windmills.
【参考译文】
如果说大量依赖石油燃料会让一个国家称为破坏环境的恶魔，那么丹麦，一个海岸线和海上布满数千台风力涡轮机的国家，简直是一个快乐地生活在童话故事里的国家。
从美国或者亚洲国家的角度看，丹麦是环境保护的楷模。自然资源防护委员会主席弗朗西斯于去年秋天在致该组织的信函中写道，该国（指丹麦）“正式解决全球变暖的方法所在”。该国五分之一的发电来自风能，风力专家称，这是全欧洲比例最高的国家。 但是如果我们进一步观察的话就会发现丹麦离“洁净能源的天堂”还差的很远。
由于津贴消减，风力涡轮机的建设实际上已经停止。而与此同时，与欧盟其它国家相比，丹麦排放的温室气体二氧化碳仍然超过平均值。尽管有许多风力涡轮机，丹麦大量的能源都是由燃烧进口煤的工厂生产的。
丹麦的经历表明了，要让使用石油燃料变富的国家改为使用风力之类的可再生能源是多么地困难。其中有许多的障碍，包括不断变化的政治优先权，将新涡轮建到海上成本高，
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担心公众是否能接受大型的风力涡轮机，以及风力本身的不稳定性。
“欧洲的确是领先一步了”办公室设在马萨诸赛州剑桥的咨询公司，新兴能源研究会高级分析员阿列克斯克雷恩这样说道。
在丹麦西部的某些地区，当刮起风时，能获得100％的能源需求。以绝对值计算，德国与西班牙产生的电能更多，但是这些国家风能发电仍只占总发电的很小一部分。欧盟27个国家的风力发电平均只占总发电量的3％。
但是，随着丹麦减缓步伐，德国人和西班牙人正在迎头赶上。去年全世界风力产生的数十亿瓦电中，丹麦只贡献了8百万千瓦。
他说，如果能保持较高的津贴，丹麦的风力发电占总发电的比率就不是五分之一了，而是三分之一。
【英译汉二选一】
【试题一】
ONE DAY in February 1926 an unknown American writer walked out of a New York snowstorm and into history. An important piece of that history is now in danger of being lost forever, caught in the controversy over the US trade embargo against Cuba.
The unknown writer was Ernest Hemingway, and the New York office he walked into was that of Maxwell Perkins, the most famous American literary editor of his day.
It is difficult to conceive -- 80 years and an incandescent literary career later -- the idea of publishing the 26-year-old Hemingway was a big risk. Hemingway had not yet published a novel. Indeed, his only published fiction consisted of a few short stories and poems, mostly in obscure Paris literary journals.
Yet Mr. Perkins, as Hemingway was to call him for years afterwards, even after they had become close friends, took the risk. On the spot, he offered Hemingway a deal included a generous $1,500 advance on an unfinished, unnamed novel that Perkins had not even seen.
Hemingway and Perkins began a correspondence that lasted for 21 years, until Perkins's death in 1947. A number of those letters are now housed in Cuba, at Finca Vigia, where Hemingway lived longer than anywhere else.
But the house is in danger of collapse.
A group of Americans is trying to save the house and its contents. Yet the US government won't let them.
The Treasury Department recently turned down the Hemingway Preservation Foundation's application for a license to permit its architects, engineers, and consultants to travel to Cuba to research a feasibility study to help the Cubans save Finca Vigia. This denial, which is contrary to the letter and spirit of the law, is being appealed.
【试题1参考译文】
1926年2月的某一天，一位不知名的美国作家走出了纽约的暴风雪，也走进了历史。但是，由于陷入美国向古巴禁运的争议之中，这段历史中一个重要的片目前受到了灭绝的威胁。
这位不知名的作家就是厄内斯特 海明威，而他走进的纽约办公室是他那个时代最著名的文学编辑麦克斯韦尔帕金斯的办公室。
很难想象，能活到80岁，职业生涯晚期拥有辉煌文学成就的海明威，在他26岁时，要出版他的作品是要冒很大风险的。之前海明威从来就没出版过小说。事实上，他出版过的
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小说也仅仅有一些短篇故事和诗歌，大部分还发表在晦涩难懂的巴黎文学期刊上。
然而，帕金斯先生还是承担了这个风险，尽管海明威很久之后再联系他，即便是在他们成为亲密的朋友之后。他当场就给海明威提供了一笔交易，包括对一本尚未完成，没有书名，甚至帕金森本人都没看过一眼的小说支付了一笔1500美元慷慨的预付款。
海明威和帕金斯从第一次通信开始一直坚持了21年书信往来，直至1947年帕金斯与世长辞。其中大量的信件都保存在古巴的Finca Vigia，海明威在那里呆的时间比任何地方都要长。
但是这件屋子面临着倒塌的危险。
一群美国人试图拯救这间屋子和里面的信件，但是美国政府不让他们这么做。 美国财政部最近拒绝了海明威维护协会的申请，该协会在申请中要求允许该协会的建筑师，工程师和咨询人员可以到古巴进行可行可行性研究来帮助古巴人民拯救Finca Vigia。由于这一否决违反了法律条文和精神，正受到起诉。
【试题2】【缺】
【汉译英】
【必译篇】
从19世纪40年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，至20世纪30年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺；再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从1978年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。
【参考译文】
From the Opium War and the First Sino-Japanese War after the 1840s, China's War on Foreign Invaders 1900 to the Japanese War of Aggression against China in 1930s, China was subject to
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the butchering of the then strong powers in the West and East and their extremely barbarian economic depredation. This, coupled with feudal corruption and years of successive civil strife and chaos, led to the loss of China's sovereignty and the horrendous suffering of her people, her national strength failing and people barely surviving. The grave disasters and the harsh facts have ingrained deeply into the Chinese nation the value of peace and the importance of development. Such a historic experience has shaped the psychology of the Chinese people in our quest for peace and hope for stability, consolidating our belief in following a path to peaceful development.
After the founding of New China in 1949, we have made arduous explorations in the course of our development, going through both the joys of success and the frustrations of failure. Starting from 1978, China has embarked on a new journey of transforming from a planned to a market economy, from cloistered up to opening up, from exclusive self-sustaining to integration into globalization. By following a path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in an independent and self-reliant manner, we have scored glorious achievements that attracted worldwide attention. Practice has amply demonstrated that it is right to adhere to a path of
peaceful development, as it conforms to both China's reality and the trend of the times. China will unswervingly march onward alongside this path to peaceful development.
【汉译英二选一】
【试题一】
1968年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。
母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。
每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊„„ 邮票是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。 【试题一参考译文】
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When I came from Beijing to Shanxi, the only person I worried about was my mom in hometown. She was blind and had nobody around, and was counting her days in the world. To part from her was the most anguishing to me, and the only way my mother could convey herself to me was through these tiny stamps.
As mom was blind, her letters were all written by other, with stereotyped contents. But the stamps were exclusively sticked by mum through effort-making feeling. She had stamped a pile of envelopes in preparation for use so as not to add troubling labor to others.
Each time I received a letter from mum, I would always started to stroke the stamp on upper right corner of envelope because it had been sticked by mom by her bare hands. It was regularly sticked, but never beautifully done with upside-down picture because my mother was so blind that she sticked it all by feeling. On these stamps, mom’s fingerprints remained, mom’s caring carried and mom’s scent omitting. Once I stared at them, my eyes brimmed over with excited tears.
These stamps were substitution for my Mom; and my understanding to stamps stemmed from them.
【试题二】
2007年1月28日清晨，一列我国最新CRH高速动车组列车在上海南站首次亮相，标志着中国铁路进入一个全新时代。
新型CRH高速列车最高时速可达250公里，目前运行时速160公里。共有200名乘客见证了列车从上海到杭州的首次运行，其高速、平稳及美妙的乘坐体验给大家留下了深刻印象。该列车的内外装饰都达到了国际统一标准，给乘客优越的旅行体验。此次提速的关键元素在于它的高科技车头，其重量与传统机车头相比减半，大大降低了能耗。
除了新型CRH高速列车人性化的设计外，乘客还能体验到更舒心的服务。春节临近，CRH高速列车的全面运营将有望缓解紧张的铁路运输压力，以便出行更加便捷舒适。 【试题二参考答案】
A new CRH (China Railway High－speed) bullet train made its debut at Shanghai South Railway Stationin the early morning of January 28，2007. It announced the beginning of a new epoch of China's railway industry.
The new CRH bullet train， which can travel at a top speed of 250 kilometers an hour，is
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currently running at a speed of 160 km/h. A total of 200 passengers，who witnessed its first run from Shanghai to Hangzhou，were deeply impressed by its high speed, stable operation and wonderful travel experience. The exterior and interior decoration is in line with international standard，providing passengers with a superior feeling of traveling. The key element of its speed improving is the high－tech locomotive，which the weight of it has been cut in half compared with the traditional ones for reducing power consumption.
Apart from the passenger－oriented design of the new CRH，customers can also expect better service for their enjoying ride. With the approach of the Spring Festival，the full implementation of the CRH bullet train can be expected to relieve the high congestion of railway travel so as to make the travel faster and more convenient.
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