第一课
Ⅳ.
1. We' re 23 feet above sea level.
2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.
3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.
4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.
5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.
6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.
7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.
8. ()h God, please help us to get through this storm safely.
9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually
grew dimmer and stopped.
10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.
第二课
IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.
4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.
6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.
7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.
8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.
9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting)．
10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．
11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．
12．People with brown skins are almost invisible．
13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies．
14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。
15．Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．
第三课
Ⅳ．
1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings．(Animals and birds are not capable of conversation．)
2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．
． 3． In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．
4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives．
5． The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．
6． These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．
7． The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the、rulers．
8．The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．
9． The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes． The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．
10． There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．
11． There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．
12． Even the most educated and literate people do not use standard，formal English all the time in their conversation．
第四课
1. Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.
2. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.
3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great
number of joint undertakings.
4. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.
5. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.
6. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force.
7. before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place
8. Yet both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.
9. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate)and let us remember that being polite is not a sign of weakness.
10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.
11. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their
loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).
12.Let history finally judge whether we have done our task welt or not, but our sure reward will be a good con-science for we will have worked sincerely and to the best of our ability.
第六课
IV. 1. Science is engaged in the task of making its basic concepts understood and accepted by scientists all over the world.
2. The car model, called Fiesta, seems to have disappeared completely.
3. The idea of a world car is similar to the idea of having a world style for architecture. /As architecture was moving toward a common International Style, it was natural for the automobile to do the same.
4. Things that are happening in auto making are similar to those happening in architecture.
5. The modern man no longer has very distint individual traits shaped by a special environment and culture．
6．The disadvantage of being a cosmopolitan is that he loses a home in the old sense of the world．
7．The benefit of being a cosmopolitan is that he begins to think the old kind of home probably restricts his development and activities．
8．The compelling force of technology to universalize cannot be resisted．
9．When every artist thought it was his duty to show his contempt for and objection to the Eiffel Tower which they considered an irreverent architectural structure．
10．a flexible and pliable quality that was beyond human powers and absolutely new
11．People used to firmly believe that the things they saw around them were real solid substances but this has now been thrown into doubt by science,
12．That，perhaps, shows how far logically modern aesthetic can go．／The solid banks can become almost abstract and invisible．／This is perhaps the furthest limit of how solid objective things may be disappearing．
第七课
1. As a boy and later when I was a grown-up man, I had of- ten travelled through the region.
2. But somehow in the past I never really perceived how shocking and wretched this whole region was.
3. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance
and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.
4. The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.
5. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. / All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright.
6. These brick-like houses were made of shabby, thin wooden boards and their roofs were narrow and had little slope.
7. When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.
8. Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / Even in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.
9. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.
10. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.
11. It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.
12. People in certain strata of American society seem definite- ly to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Chris- tian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.
13. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot un- derstand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.
14. They put a penthouse on top of it, painted in a bright, conspicuous yellow color and thought it looked perfect but they only managed to make it absolutely intolerable.
15. From the intermingling of different nationalities and races in the United States emerges the American race which hates beauty as strongly as it hates truth．
第八课
IV.
1. Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.
2. Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.
3. All the above-mentioned work shows how man has trans formed nature through his reason and skill.
4. Therefore pleasure and work went together so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.
5. Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolat ed leading this kind of ascetic life.
6. In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.
7. Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or pur pose.
8. Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.
9. Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.
10. Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if
it has better relations with the public.
11. The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more \"high-minded\" cover for what is really a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.
12. The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.
第九课
1.The 1oud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.
2.The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.
3. The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.
4. After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.
5. The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.
6. An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.
7. They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.
8. Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will be equal to the task.
9. The faint but compelling sweet scent of the drug drooz may fill the streets of the city.
10. Perhaps the child was mentally retarded because it was born so or perhaps it has become very foolish and stupid because of fear, poor nourishment and neglect.
11. The habits of the child are so crude and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it is treated kindly and tenderly.
12. They shed tears when they see how terribly unjust they have been to the child, but these tears dry up when they realize how just and fair though terrible reality was.
第十课
1.At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to
think about it longingly.
2.In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.
3.The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.
4.In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.
5.The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.
6.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.
7.The young people wanted to take part in the glorious ad-venture before the whole war ended.
8.These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their home towns or their families.
9. The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.
10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.
11. It was only natural that hopeful young Writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and \"Puritanical\" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.
12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.
第十一课
Ⅳ.
1. The English people may hotly argue and abuse and quarrel with each other but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feeling for each other.
2. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they consider to be lazy and troublesome people.
3. There are not many snarling shop stewards in the work-shop, nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of managers (or governing board of a factory).
4. The contemporary world demands that everything be done on a big scale
and the English do not like or trust bigness.
5. At least on the surface, when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass, English ness seems to put up a rather poor weak performance.
6. Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for changing and for no other useful purpose to be very wrong and harmful.
7. To regard cars and motorways as more important than houses seems to Englishness a public stupidity~
8. I must further say that while Englishness can go on fighting, there is a great possibility of Admass winning.
9. Englishness draws its strength from a reservoir of strong moral and ethical principles, and soon it may be asking for strength which this reservoir of principles cannot supply.
10. These people probably believe, as I do, that the 'Good Life' promised by Admass is false and dishonest in all respects.
11. They can be found too though there are not many of them now because these kind of people are dying out -- among the curt, bad-tempered, extremely conservative politicians who refuse to accept high posts in big commercial enterprises.
12. They are incompetent, lazy and inefficient, careless and untidy.
13. He will not even find much satisfaction in his untidy and disordered life where he manages to live as a parasite by sponging on people. This kind of life does not help a person to build up any self-respect.
14. These people think of the House of Commons as a place rather far away where some people are always quarreling and arguing over some small matter.
15. If a dictator comes to power, these people then will soon learn in the worst way that they were very wrong to ignore politics for they can now suddenly and for no reason be arrested and thrown into prison.
第十二课
Ⅳ.
1. The fate of an American is complicated and hard to understand.
2. They were uneasy and uncomfortable in Europe as I was.
3. They were all trying to find their own special individualities.
4. I don't think I could have accepted in America my Negro status without feeling ashamed.
5. Europe can also have a very frustrating or disabling effect.
6. It is easier in Europe for people of different social groups and occupations to intermingle and have social intercourse.
7. In Europe a good waiter and a good actor are equally proud of their social status and position. They are not jealous of each other and do not live in fear of losing their position.
8. I was born in New York but have lived only in some small areas of the city.
9. The reconsideration of the significance and importance of many things that one had taken for granted in the past can be very painful, though very valuable.
10. The life of a writer really depends on his accepting the fact that no matter where he goes or what he does he will always carry the marks of his origins.
11. American writers live in a mobile society where nothing is fixed, so they do not have a fixed society to describe.
12. Every society is influenced and directed by hidden laws, and by many things deeply felt and taken for granted by the people, though not openly spoken about.
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