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2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit2单元知识点总结

2024-09-01 来源:易榕旅网
2020年春人教新目标英语八年级下册

Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.

词汇学习

1351 in fact [in 'fækt] phr. 实际上

1352 at midnight phr. 在半夜

1353 arrive [ə'raiv] v 到达,抵达某地

1354 telephone ['telifəun]v 打电话给(某人)

1355 complain [kəm'plein] v 抱怨,发牢骚

1356 quarrel ['kwɔrəl] v 争吵

1357 quarrel with['kwɔrəl wið]phr.(和某人)吵架

1358 surprise [sə'praiz] n 惊奇,惊讶

1359 police [pə'li:s] n 警察(局)

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1360 voice [vɔis] n 说话声,嗓音

1361 enjoy oneself[in'dʒɔi wʌn,self]phr.过得快乐,玩得痛快

1362 themselves [ðəm'selvz] pron他们自己

1363 care [kɛə] v 介意,在乎,关心

1364 half-way adv 在途中,半路上

1365 trouble ['trʌbl] n 麻烦,烦恼

1366 headache ['hedeik] n 头痛

1367 have a headache phr. (患)头痛

1368 cough [kɔf] v & n 咳嗽

1369 have a cough phr. (患)咳嗽

1370 terrible['terəbl]adj可怕的

1371 serious ['siəriəs] adj 严重的,严肃的2

1372 pain [pein] n 疼痛,疼

1373 dream [dri:m] n & v梦,梦想,向往

1374 worst [wə:st] adj 最坏的,最恶劣的

1375 wake [weik] v (使)醒来

1376 wake up phr. 醒来,唤醒

1377 as soon as conj 一...就

1378 asleep [ə'sli:p] adj 睡着的,熟睡的

1379 fall asleep phr. 睡觉,入睡

1380 plant [plɑ:nt] n & v 植物 种植

1381 storm [stɔ:m] n 暴风雨

1382 stop...from phr. 阻止...做

1383 difficult ['difikəlt] adj 困难的,难的

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1384 pill [pil] n 药丸,药片

1385 awake [ə'weik] adj 清醒的

1386 be awake phr. 醒着的

1387 relax [ri'læks] v 放松,轻松

1388 again and again phr. 再三地,一再地

1389 angry ['æŋgri] adj 发怒的,生气的

1390 hard [hɑ:d] adj 硬的

1391 smell [smel] v 闻,嗅,散发(气味)

1392 rich [ritʃ] adj 有钱的,富裕的,丰富的

1393 become [bi'kʌm] v 变得,变成,成为

1394 instead [in'sted] adv 代替,顶替

1395 instead of [in'sted əv] phr. 代替

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1396 look over phr. (仔细)检查

1397 enough [i'nʌf] adj 足够的,充分的

1398 take exercise phr. 做运动

1399 fat [fæt] adj 肥胖的

1400 thin [θin] adj 瘦的,薄的

一、重点短语

1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日

2. an old people’s home 养老院

3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难

4. used to 曾经… 过去_

5. care for 关心;照顾

6. the look of joy 快乐的表情

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7. at the age of 在......岁时

8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净

9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀

10. give out 分发;散发

11. come up with 想出;提出

12. make a plan 制订计划

13. make some notices 做些公告牌

14. try out 试用;试行

15. work for 为…工作;为…. 效力

16. put up 建造;举起;张贴

17. hand out 分发;散发;发给

18. call up 打电话;召集

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19. put off 推迟;延迟

20. for example 比如;例如

21. raise money 筹钱;募捐

22. take after 与......相像;像

23. give away 赠送;捐赠

24. fix up 修理;修补;解决

25. be similar to 与……相似

26. set up 建立;设立

27. disabled people 残疾人

28. make a difference 影响;有作用

29. be able to 能够

30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目

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31 after-school study program 课外学习项目

32. two weeks from now=in two weeks 两周后

33. future dream job 未来理想职业

34. come true 实现

35. at the age of four 在4 岁的时候

36. go on a journey 旅行

37. at the same time 同时

38. at least 至少

39. book sale 售书活动

40. be worried about=worry about 担心

41. summer vacation 暑假

42. not… any more 不再

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43. write a letter 写信

44. answer the phone 接电话

45. open and close the door 开关门

46. a friend of mine 我的一个朋友

47. a special trained dog 一条受过特殊训练的狗

48. be excited about 对… 感到兴奋

49. six months of training 六个月的训练

50. at once 立刻马上

51. change one’s life 改变某人的生活

52. be strong in 在某方面表现强

二、重点语法

1. sick children/kids 生病的儿童

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不能说 ill children

2. cheer …up, give… out, hand… out 等词组为动+副结构,名词放中间或后面,代词必须放中间用宾格。

3. come up with a plan/an idea/a way/

4. put off +doing/名词

give up+doing/名词

5. clean up为动词短语,clean-up为名词6. lonely 孤独的,表人的感受

Alone 单独的,表人的个数。

7. take care of =look after 照顾

care for关心,关爱

8. volunteer to do

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decide to do

9. such +a/an +形+名

So+形+a/an+名 均表示“如此…的…”

10. at the age of four= when he was four.

11. how to do 特殊疑问词+to do

12. lucky 比较级 more lucky less lucky

friendly 比较级 friendlier friendliest

13. make it +形+for sb. to do 使某人干什么成为怎样。

find it +形+for sb. to do 发现都某人来说什么怎样

14. make a difference to sb. 对某人产生影响

15. a friend of mine=one of my friends

16. at once =right away=right now

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情态动词的基本用法归纳

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。

一、 can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

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2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

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This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?

二、 may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

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3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

1.He may /might be very busy now.

2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

三、 must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’to(不必).

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

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t, don’t have 2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

四、 dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

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2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1.You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.

五、 shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?

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2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

3. He shall be punished.(威胁)

六、 will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

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1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

七、 should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

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should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

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表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

He should have finished the work by now。

表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

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1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

He will have arrived by now

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