第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Some young people win attention because of their good looks or their singing ability. A much smaller number gain fame because they have done something important and worthwhile with their abilities. Rishab Jain is among the latter. In 2018, 13-year-oldRishab developed a way to use AI technology to help pancreatic(胰腺的) cancer patients and won the3MYoung Scientist Challenge, a nationwide middle-school science competition, and its $25,000 prize.
In the last stage of the contest, Rishab competed againstnine other finalists at the 3M Innovation Center(创新中心) in St.Paul,Minnesota. Leading up to the big meet, each finalist had partnered with a scientist to further develop their inventions.
Rishab explains what led him to create his invention. First,a family friend died of cancer. Then Rishab learned about how deadly pancreatic cancer is, and that its low survival rate is due to how difficult it is to treat. \"I'm also into programming, so I was learning about AI technology. I decided to try to solve a real-world problem using it.\"
His winnings have been put in further research and in his nonprofit Samyak Science Society, which helps poor children enter the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) education. Rishab is also raising awareness about pancreatic cancer. These efforts make him quite different from teenagers of his age. Considering becoming a biomedical engineer or a doctor一or both, he has also put some money aside to further his own learning. Almost certainly the doors of higher education will open wide to him before he even knocks.
That's an outstanding outlook for one so young. Rashib is committed to helping very sick people in need. He is also providing teenagers of his age with a much-needed model of what kinds of things youth can achieve. 1. What can we learn about the 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2018? A. It was intended to solve medical problems. B. It was a nationwide AI competition for teenagers.
C. It offered the finalists an opportunity to work with scientists. D. It allowed the finalists to learn AI technology in the 3M center. 2. How did Rishab win the 3M Young Scientist Challenge? A.He showed excellent programming ability.
B. He figured out the survival rate of pancreatic cancer. C. He introduced poor children to STEM education. D. He applied AI technology to treating pancreatic cancer. 3. Which of the following best describes Rishab?
A. Talented and caring. B. Independent and humorous. C. Responsible and patient. D. Polite and inspiring.
B
The history of the flying car is almost as old as that of powered flight itself. It started with the Curtiss Autoplane of 1917, an awkward-looking machine with removable wings. It never left the ground. Later machines made it into the skies but failed to take off commercially. Money is now pouring into flying taxis. On March 30th Lilium, a German company that develops them, announced a merger with SPAC, an acquisition company that values it at $3. 3 bn -- a sign that investors think the business will fly.
Thanks to better batteries and lightweight materials, some of them are ready to carry passengers. Up to 300 firms are working on short-range battery-powered craft that take off and land vertically. Carmakers, tech companies and others are investing money into the field. The government isoffering a glide pathto certification.America's Federal Aviation Administration is engaged in the process with around 30 firms, says Natasha Santha of LEK, a consulting company.
Midway between a cab and a helicopter, flying taxis have distinct advantages over both. Quiet electric motors allow them to operate frequent services. They require only a patch of concrete to land, unlike noisy helicopters, which face severe operating restrictions in most cities. They can fly four or five times faster than a cab can drive and do not get stuck in traffic. Prices can be kept low by ride-sharing. Joby, based inCalifornia, says its five-seater machine will enter commercial service in 2024. The firm calculates the initial cost of around $4 per person per mile may soon fall by 25%. A trip fromManhattanto JFK airport would then cost $30-40 per passenger.
The real revolution will come when full autonomy takes out the cost of a pilot. Archer hopes to run such aircraft by 2028. They face fewer obstacles in the air than earth-bound cars do on the road; airliners mostly fly on autopilot as it is. Still, as one industry insider puts it, it is probably best to accustom passengers and regulators to airborne taxis before getting rid of the driver. 4. What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. The flying car can date back to the 1920s.
B. Investors see the potential of the business of the flying car.
C. The flying car never left the ground successfully in history. D. A German company has launched a new flying car into the market. 5. What does \"offering a glide path\" in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A. Giving the green light. B. Providing timely assistance. C. Presenting legal guidance. D. Conducting strict management. 6. Which of the following is the strength of flying taxis?
A. Costing as little as cabs. B. Saving passengers from the traffic jam. C. Reducing air pollution. D. Having no operating restrictions. 7. What can be inferred about the flying taxis from the last paragraph? A. They will develop faster than cars.
B. Passengers will quickly get used to taking them. C. The regulators will take measures to promote them. D. Autopilot flying taxis will probably replace those with pilots.
C
Born in 1954, Oprah Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show as the most influential woman in the world. It's no surprise that her recognition can bring overnight sales fortune that defeats most, if not all, marketing campaigns. The star features about 20 products each year on her \"Favorite Things\" show. There's even a term for it: the Oprah Effect.
Her television career began unexpectedly. When she was 16 years old, she had the idea of being a journalist to tell other people's stories in a way that made a difference in their lives and the world. She was on television by the time she was 19 years old. And in 1986 she started her own television show with a continuous determination to succeed at first.
TIME magazine wrote, \"People would have doubted Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of big size. As interviewers go, she is no match for Phil Donahue. What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, rich humor and, above all understanding. Guests with sad stories to tell tend to bring out a tear in Oprah's eye. They, in turn, often find themselves exposing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TV audience.\"
\"I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. It doesn't matter how far you might rise. At some point you
are likely to fall if you' re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you' re constantly pushing yourself higher, higher the law of averages, you will at some point fall. And when you do, I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction\" as Oprah addressed graduates at Harvard on May 30.
8. What does the Oprah Effect refer to in the first paragraph?
A. the influence on talk show hosts B. the power of Oprah's opinions. C. the effect on a business. D. the audience of Oprah's talk show. 9. What can be inferred about Oprah's television career?
A. She must have been challenged a lot B. She gained fame as planned. C. It lives up to her parents' expectation. D. She once gave up on her choice. 10. What message did Oprah give to Harvard graduates?
A. Success comes after failure. B. Pushing physical limits makes no sense C. Aiming higher hurts D. Failure is part of life. 11. Which of the following best describes Oprah Winfrey? A. Friendly. B. Humorous C. Determined. D. Patient
D
Improvements to energy efficiency, such as LED lights, are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions. Yet a growing body of research suggests that arebound effect could wipe out more than half of the savings from energy efficiency improvements, making the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change even harder to hit.
A team led by Paul Brockway at the University of Leeds, UK, looked at the existing 33 studies on the impact of the rebound effect. First comes the direct rebound: for instance,when someone buys a more efficient car, they may take advantage of that by driving it further. Then comes the indirect rebound: fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy, consuming energy.
Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect, they produced very consistent estimates of its impact, leading the team to conclude that the effect wipes out, on average, 63 percent of the anticipated energy savings.
“We're not saying energy efficiency doesn't work. What we're saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously,” says Brockway.
The idea that increased efficiency may not deliver the hopedfor savingsdates back to the Jevons paradox(悖论), named after the economist William Stanley Jevons, who, in 1865,observed that more efficient coal use led to more demand for coal.
If the rebound effect does prove to be as big as suggested, it means future global energy demand will be higher than expected and the world will need far more wind and solar power and carboncapture technology than is currently being planned for.
But that doesn't mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect. One answer is to double down on energy efficiency and do twice as much to achieve the same effect. 12. Which of the following is a rebound effect? A. A man uses LED lights to cut carbon emissions. B. A company uses coal more efficiently to reduce waste. C. A family saves money by using energysaving devices.
D. A lady spends savings from her fuel efficient car on more clothes. 13. How did Paul Brockway's team carry out their research? A. By interviewing economists. B. By analyzing former studies. C. By modeling the rebound effect. D. By debating about the Jevons paradox.
14. What would Paul Brockway probably agree with? A. Authorities should dismiss energy efficiency. B. Worldwide efforts to preserve energy are in vain. C. The rebound effect helps protect the environment. D. More attention should be paid to the rebound effect.
15. What's the author's attitude towards limiting the rebound effect? A. Positive. B. Pessimistic. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
Wayswe can fed the world in 2050
Some estimates suggest our global population could reach a total of 10 billion people by 2050. It’s clear that
traditional agriculture has to change to fed that many people.___16___
Creating robot farmers
Such exploration has been done. The Small Robot Company inBritainhas created three small robots: Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom takes geography pictures of plants in the field, and sends them back for analysis. Then Dick spray(喷洒) crops with precision, avoiding unnecessary polluting and saving resources. Harry plants, completing with a robotic drill(机械钻).___17___These tasks are traditionally done by a human.
___18___
Ordinary heavy tractors(拖拉机) roll across the field, compacting(压实) the soil and squeezing the gaps inside. This compaction greatly affects the soil's ability to hold onto water and nutrients. Using smaller, lighter robots to do the jobs currently performed by tractors could hugely help reduce these issues, hence promoting to keep precious soil in good condition.
Giving waste a second chance
According to the United Nations, “An estimated third of all food produced ends up rotting in the dustbins of consumers and sellers.\" There are countless brilliant ideas and measures to help, but I advocate one brilliant approach—using app like“Too Good To Go\".___19___These foods may be abandoned but still perfectly eatable.
Making smarter choices
We spend time with farmers, producers, sellers and consumers.___20___Building a worldfed by sustainable(可持续的) agriculture is a tough task, which requires changes to the whole model of growing, processing, transporting, storing and selling.
On the Whole, in order to ensure we have enough food in the future, farmers, scientists, engineers, sellers, business leaders, governments and individuals should come together to join the effort, taking action to value our food and its producer. A. Preserving precious soil
B. Slowing the ageing process of food
C. We find it necessary to produce record quantities of food D. We find our current ways of agriculture just aren't sustainable. E. The App enables sellers to shift foods to customers at a lower price. F. Together, they carry out the dull tasks with greater accuracy and less water. G. Here are some potential solutions helping us get ready to feed the 10 billion. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
That was a happy evening for the little Down syndrome (唐氏症) girl — a teenager the size of a ten-year-old. She and her family were___21___themselves at McDonald’s. She made her way to the restroom. Her younger,but___22___, brother sat quietly. He noticed something, which___23___, she had not noticed.
Four teenagers had taken an interest in the little girl the moment they___24___her. They were openly laughing and pointing.
The brother___25___for his sister. He walked to the guys. They paledslightly and looked alarmed when this total stranger — their___26___by a year or two — placed his hands___27___on their table. They studied each other while he was clearly in their___28___, and while they were most definitely out of their comfort zones. The brother___29___with one hand for one of them to move over. He___30___to sit right down next to them. Somewhat in___31___, and caught completely unprepared, they made space for him. “I was watching you making fun of my sister,” he quietly___32___them. All four stumbled (磕磕绊绊) over their words in their rush. “Who? That was your sister? We weren’t making fun of her! We___33___we would never___34___ anyone. We just felt sorry for her.” But he told them again, “I watched you.” They___35___, knowing they had been caught red-handed and maybe even realizing their___36___and cruelness. Maybe they even sense the love this brother had for his sister. The brother turned___37___them and then he said___38___“I feel sorry for people like YOU!”
Then he walked away. When the sister went back to her seat, the four looked away,___39___sure they looked ly anywhere___40___that little girl.
21. A. caring B. cooking C. enjoying D. helping 22. A. elder B. smaller C. bigger D. smarter 23. A. thankfully B. hopefully C. greatly D. cautiously 24. A. robbed B. spotted C. blocked D. caught 25. A. made up B. put up C. took up D. stood up 26. A. colleague B. class C. group D. junior 27. A. cautiously B. carefully C. strangely D. ly 28. A. turn B. mind C. space D. view 29. A. remarked B. signed C. drew D. fought 30. A. intended B. promised C. agreed D. ordered 31. A. joy B. surprise C. peace D. pride
32. A. informed B. commanded C. convinced D. ordered 33. A. resist B. complain C. swear D. insist
34. A. look up at B. look up to C. look down at D. look down on 35. A. wound him up B. gave in C. joined up D. called on him 36. A. curiosity B. violence C. carelessness D. rudeness 37. A. to B. in C. up D. down
38. A. pitifully B. strongly C. cruelly D. honestly 39. A. made B. were made C. making D. were making 40. A. other than B. better than C. more than D. less than 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
If you went looking for a___41.___(differ) planet, from Earth as you could find, you wouldn't have to go all that far, at least in space terms. Just look to___42.___fifth planet in our, solar system, Jupiter. This gas giant has no solid surface. Its diameter (直径) is more than 11 times as great as Earth's. Its mass is more than twice than___43.___of all the other planets in. the solar system combined. Jupiter's atmosphere is covered with bands of clouds and filled with vast___44.___(spin) storms. The most famous of these is the Great Red Spot,___45.___is so big that Earth could fit inside it.
Jupiter is also a planet full of___46.___(puzzle). Those thick bands of clouds hide. what is happening inside the planet. Is there water? How much? Does Jupiter have a solid center? And then there's the question of just what___47.___(drive) those monster storms.
Nine spacecrafts___48.___(send) to study Jupiter by now. The most recent was Juno, which arrived at the planet in July 2016. It will orbit this gas giant at least until July 2021. When the spacecraft___49.___(final) retires, its Earth-bound pilots will send it on a path to dive to its____50.____(dead) into the Jupiter's atmosphere. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As one of the most important traditional festival in China, the Mid-Autumn Festival dated back to over 1,000 years ago. General speaking, people regard it a celebration of their hard work and harvest.
On Mid-Autumn Day, all family member spare no effort to go back home to have a dinner together wherever they are. After dinner, they appreciate the beautiful full moon while eat moon cakes, the traditional food for the festival, that is round in shape and means family reunion. Both of the moon, the moon cakes and the relaxed atmosphere combine to create a feeling of happiness in everyone’s heart. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你想邀请英国朋友John在暑假期间到你的家乡进行参观游览。请你写一封邀请函，要点如下：
1.享受免费住宿； 2.游览名胜古迹； 3品尝特色小吃；
4.感受当地历史文化和风土人情。 注意：1.词数100左右：
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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参考答案
1. C 2. D 3. A
4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D
8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C
12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
16. G 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. D
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. A 41. different
42. the 43. that 44. spinning
45. which 46. puzzles
47. drives 48. have been sent 49. finally 50. death
51.(1). festival→festivals (2). dated→dates
(3). General→Generally (4). 在it后加as
(5). member→members (6). 删除a (7). eat→eating (8). that→which (9). Both→All
(10). relaxed→relaxing 52.略
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