谓语动词

三、谓语动词

(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致

①、主谓分割原则

例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,

A

America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.

B C D

分析：C错，应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。

②、与后者一致原则

not…but, 强调but后面的名词，

not only…but also

③、与前者一致原则

名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is,

中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致

例：The athlete, together with his coach and

A B C

several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.

D

分析：D错，与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致，改为is

④、就近原则

or, either…or, neither…nor,

单数名词+or+复数名词+are

如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那么变为is

所以注意一点： 如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数

如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数

例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are

A B

amazingly complex for single-celled animals.

C D

分析：A错，应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断，主语应该为复数，or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致，behavior是用单数形式，因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。

⑤定语从句主语就近原则

There are five apples that are red.

apples是复数，因此从句谓语动词是复数。

例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets

A

carry a supply that last just a few seconds.

B C D

分析：D错，应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数，其谓语动词应为单数形式。

⑥the +形容词主谓一致

The rich are not always happier than the poor.

The rich 表示一类人，应该用复数

⑦、倒装句的主谓一致

改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况：

a. there be 句型

there be+名词+名词，那么最近的名词决定其形式

b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词，名词其实是主语，所以be和名词保持一致

例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.

A B C D

分析：there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式，society当然用单数，A错，there are 改为there is

例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific

A B

Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30

C

miles in width.

D

分析：倒装句，are改为is

例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and

A B C

Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film

D

presented on the five-story-tall screen.

分析：D错，应改为films , 主语实际上是名词，应该与谓语动词保持一致。

⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致

fifty percent of + 名词

one percent of + 名词

谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系，主要取决于后面的名词，比如：

one percent of my students + are

fifty percent of my time is spent on working.

这里要强调两个结构

half of =fifty percent

most of + 可数名词 + are

most of + 不可数名词+ is

例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been

A B C

found in central and eastern Canada.

D

分析：C错，应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语，作主语的中心词half当然表复数，相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。

例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized

A B

in the United States are for foods and beverages.

C D

分析：A错，应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品，beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料，故（C）、（D）均没有错。

(二) 谓语动词的时态

①、主要考察时间状语

例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.

A B C D

分析：Metal, aluminum同位语，in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态，把has been改为was

②、For和since的区别

区别一：For 后面使用时间段，since 后面使用时间点

区别二：Since 只能用在现在完成时态，For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时

I has been a teacher for three years.

I has been a teacher since 1996.

I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以，for three years表示一段时间，was 表示过去做了三年，现在不是老师了

例： Since 1921 the budget of the United States became

A B

the primary responsibility of the president.

C D

分析：A错，应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态，而句中谓语动词为过去式，其时间状语应与之呼应，故改Since为In。

例：Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of

A B C

the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.

D

分析：D错，应改为for。since引导时间状语时，主句谓语动词为一般完成时；主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for；而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。

52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.

A B C D

自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态，live

(三) 谓语的语态

语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。

有四组动词是改错题中常考的：

①、prove

My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的

尽管是被证明，但习惯上用主动；

例：A majority of the reports received from people claiming

A

to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be

B C

mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked.

D

分析：D错，应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词，如果把D理解为并列句，不仅时态不对，语义也有问题，故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。

②、Locate，Situate

这两个词可以用作主动，表示把…放置在…地方；确定…的位置

Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置

这两个词也可以用作被动

My school was located near the river.

区分locate的主动和被动比较难，但是有一个技巧存在：locate如果用作主动，后面

必须跟宾语

例：The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint.

(A)locates

(B)locating

(C)to locate

(D)is located

分析：空格处显然缺谓语动词，故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语，所以用作被动,表示“位于”，所以D为正确选项。

③、表示需要概念的动词

need, want, require等

My watch needed repairing

My watch needed to be repaired.

④、表示人的情感的动词

move, annoy, surprise, please等

He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。

He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。

主动和被动技巧总结：

如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话，前面必然有be动词

例：The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the

A

United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams,

B

power structures, and flood-control works along

C

the Tennessee River and its tributary streams.

D

分析：A错，应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。