2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionI ListeningComprehension
Directions:
ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.
Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1. PartA Directions: Forquestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutthegeographyofBelgium.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points) GeographyofBelgium Threemainregions coastalplain centralplateau Highestaltitudeofthecoastalplain Climatenearthesea m Humid Particularlyrainymonthsoftheyears April AveragetemperaturesinJulyinBrusslow 13℃ 4 3 1 2 精心整理
els PartB Directions:
high ℃ 5 ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaninterviewwithMr.SaffofromtheInstitutefortheFuture.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points) WhatisSaffoaccordingtohimself? TheInstitutefortheFutureprovidesservicestoprivatecompaniesand________. TheInstitutebelievesthattothinksystematicallyaboutthelong-rangefutureis________. Tosucceedinanything,oneshouldbeflexible,curiousand________. WhatdoesSaffoconsidertobeessentialtotheworkofateam? PartC Directions: Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)
Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnamingnewborns.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.
11. Whatdoweoftendowiththethingswelove?
[A]Askfortheirnames. [B]Namebabiesafterthem.
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[C]Putdowntheirnames. [D]Choosenamesforthem.
12. Theunpleasantmeaningofanoldfamilynameisoftenoverlookedif________.
[A]thefamilytreeisfairlylimited [B]thefamilytieisstrongenough [C]thenameiscommonlyused [D]nobodyinthefamilycomplains
13. Severalmonthsafterababy’sbirth,itsnamewill________. [A]showthebeautyofitsown [B]developmoreassociations [C]losetheoriginalmeaning [D]helpformthebaby’spersonality Questions14-16arebasedonthebiographyofBobbyMoore,anEnglishsoccerplayer.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16. 14. HowmanymatchesdidMooreplayduringhisprofessionalcareer? [A]90 [B]108 [C]180 [D]668 15. In1964,BobbyMoorewasmade________. [A]England’sfootballeroftheyear [B]asoccercoachinWestGermany [C]amedalistforhissportsmanship [D]anumberoftheOrderoftheBritishEmpire
16. AfterMooreretiredfromplaying,thefirstthinghedidwas________.
[A]editingSundaySport [B]workingforCapitalRadio
[C]managingprofessionalsoccerteams [D]developingasportsmarketingcompany
Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkonthecityofBelfast.Younowhave20secondstoread
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Questions17-20.
17. Belfasthaslongbeenfamousforits________.
[A]oilrefinery [B]linentextiles [C]foodproducts [D]deepwaterport
18. WhichofthefollowingdoesBelfastchieflyexport? [A]Soap [B]Grain [C]Steel [D]Tobacco 19. WhenwasBelfastfounded? [A]In1177 [B]In1315 [C]Inthe16thcentury [D]Inthe17thcentury 20. WhathappenedinBelfastinthelate18thcentury? [A]Frenchrefugeesarrived. [B]Theharborwasdestroyed. [C]Shipbuildingbegantoflourish. [D]ThecitywastakenbytheEnglish. Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1. SectionII UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theoriesontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior
theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbeha
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viorthrough
withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin
totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues. Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes
lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandaretocriticism. Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly
juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythattofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayinleadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior. Familieshavealsochangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathomewascommoninthetraditionalfamily.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Othercausesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreasedofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowingofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished. 21. [A]acting [B]relying [C]centering [D]commenting 22. [A]before [B]unless [C]until [D]because 23. [A]interaction
[B]assimilation [C]cooperation [D]consultation 24. [A]return
[B]reply
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[C]reference [D]response 25. [A]or
[B]butrather [C]but [D]orelse 26. [A]considering [B]ignoring [C]highlighting [D]discarding 27. [A]on [B]in [C]for [D]with 28. [A]immune [B]resistant [C]sensitive [D]subject 29. [A]affect [B]reduce [C]check [D]reflect 30. [A]point
[B]lead [C]come [D]amount 31. [A]ingeneral
[B]onaverage [C]bycontrast [D]atlength
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32. [A]case
[B]short [C]turn [D]essence 33. [A]survived
[B]noticed [C]undertaken [D]experienced 34. [A]contrarily [B]consequently [C]similarly [D]simultaneously 35. [A]than [B]that [C]which [D]as 36. [A]system [B]structure [C]concept [D]heritage 37. [A]assessable [B]identifiable [C]negligible [D]incredible 38. [A]expense
[B]restriction [C]allocation [D]availability 39. [A]incidence
[B]awareness
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[C]exposure [D]popularity 40. [A]provided
[B]since [C]although [D]supposing
SectionIII ReadingComprehension PartA Directions: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points) Text1 Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent.”It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold,”saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany. Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysoneexpert. Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttodo--thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.
Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,wes
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eeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite. Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou. 41. HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?
[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase. [B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase. [C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase. [D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase. 42. Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents? [A]Lackofcounseling. [B]Limitednumberofvisits. [C]Lowerefficiency. [D]Fewersuccessfulmatches. 43. Theexpression“tipservice”(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans________. [A]advisory [B]compensation [C]interaction [D]reminder 44. WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions? [A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches. [B]Toattractmorereturningvisits. [C]Toreservespaceformoremessages. [D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.
45. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters. [B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands. [C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed. [D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.
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Text2
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.
IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZo?Zysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK. ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrétienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht). Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly. Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem. 46. WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars? [A]Akindofoverlookedinequality. [B]Atypeofconspicuousbias. [C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice. [D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.
47. Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?
[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess. [B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZo?Zysman. [C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.
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[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize. 48. The4thparagraphsuggeststhat________.
[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents [B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass [C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents [D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight 49.
Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)? [A]Theyaregettingimpatient. [B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff. [C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated. [D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles. 50. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext? [A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated. [B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism. [C]Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo. [D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias. Text3 Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,fillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.“I’magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays.“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too.”shesays.
EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’sadmissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.Butdon’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbel
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t-tightening.
Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“there’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.
Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswings,whichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.Forthat,Greenspan&Co.maystillbeworthtoasting. 51.
By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”(Lines1-2,Paragraph1),theauthormeans________. [A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness [B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork [C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit [D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation 52. Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation? [A]Optimistic. [B]Confused. [C]Carefree. [D]Panicked. 53.
Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange”(Lines3-4,Paragraph3)theauthoristalkingabout________. [A]goldmarket [B]realestate [C]stockexchange [D]ventureinvestment
54. Whycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicslowdown?
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[A]Theywouldbenefitincertainways. [B]Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery. [C]Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom. [D]Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.
55. Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?
[A]Anewboom,onthehorizon.
[B]Tightenthebelt,thesingleremedy. [C]Cautionallright,panicnot. [D]Themoreventures,themorechances. Text4 Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation--nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind. “Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits. Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.” “Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzer-Prizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.
RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized--goingtoschoolandlearningtoread--sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.
Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywerelu
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ctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.
Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.” 56. WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?
[A]Thehabitofthinkingindependently. [B]Profoundknowledgeoftheworld. [C]Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer. [D]Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits. 57. WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof________. [A]undervaluingintellect [B]favoringintellectualism [C]supportingschoolreform [D]suppressingnativeintelligence 58. TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare________. [A]identical [B]similar [C]complementary [D]opposite 59. Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably________. [A]apioneerofeducationreform [B]anopponentofintellectualism [C]ascholarinfavorofintellect [D]anadvocateofregularschooling 60. Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?
[A]Itissecondtointelligence. [B]Itevolvesfromcommonsense. [C]Itistobepursued. [D]Itunderliespower.
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PartB Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.61)TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.
Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasandEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscentury,however,whowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafrom“exotic”language,werenotalwayssograteful.63)ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages. Sapir’spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.64)Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguage,thespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.65)Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind,andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.Later,thisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,butthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguages,Sapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism. 61. ________ 62. ________ 63. ________ 64. ________ 65. ________
SectionIV Writing
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66. Directions:
Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould
1)describethedrawing, 2)interpretitsmeaning,and 3)supportyourviewwithexamples.
Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)
2004年考研英语真题答案
SectionI:ListeningComprehension(20points) PartA(5points) 1. highlands PartB(5points) 6. A(technology)forecaster; 7. governmentagencies; 8. (A)meaningful(exercise); 9. opentochange; 10. Trustandcooperation. PartC(10points) 11. [D] 16. [C] 12. [B] 17. [B] 13. [C] 18. [A] 14. [D] 19. [A] 15. [A] 20. [C] 2. 20 3. mild 4. November 5. 22 SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points) 21. [C] 26. [B] 31. [A] 36. [B] 22. [D] 27. [C] 32. [C] 37. [B] 23. [A] 28. [D] 33. [D] 38. [D] 24. [D] 29. [A] 34. [B] 39. [A] 25. [A] 30. [B] 35. [A] 40. [C] SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points) PartA(40points)
41. [C] 46. [A] 51. [D] 56. [C] 42. [A] 47. [D] 52. [A] 57. [A] 43. [D] 48. [C] 53. [B] 58. [D] 44. [B] 49. [B] 54. [A] 59. [B] 45. [C] 50. [D] 55. [C] 60. [C] PartB(10points)
61. 希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 62. 我们之所有感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此之后,这些(土着)语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。 63. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显着,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。 64. Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。 65. Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。 SectionIV:Writing(20points) 66. 参考范文 Lookatthispicture.Amanisrunningtowardtheendofarace,sweatingallover.Perhapsthereisnothingspecialaboutthemanandtherace,yettheendlineleavesadeepimpressiononusforitisboth“finishline”and“startingline”ifwelookatitfromadifferentangle.
Thepicturetellsusalotaboutlife.Anordinaryrunnermaythinkthathisachievementcallsforcelebrationforhehasreachedhisgoal.Butanambitiousrunnerwillwellrealizethathissuccessisthestartingpointforanewrace.Obviously,thewaywelookatthingsdetermineshowfarwewillgo.Ifwefeelsatisfiedwiththeabilitytoreadandwrite,perhapswewillnotstrivetogetacollegeeducation.Again,ifwethinkaBachelor'sdegreeisquiteenough,wewillnottakepainstopasstheexaminationforpostgraduate.Lifeisjustlikeanendlessrace.Ifwedon’tp
reparefornewraces,weareeitherdisqualifiedfromtheraceorsurpassedbyothers.That’swhythefinishlineisalsoastartingline.
Ilikethispicture.Imayhavebeenrunningthisendlessrace,butIhavebeenpushedforwardbymyparentsorpeoplearoundme.Fromnowon,Iwillbecomemoreactiveandtaketheinitiative,forthepicturehasreallyenlightenedme.
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